List of Solar System objects by size
Objects |
---|
Lists |
Planets |
Star portal |
This article includes a list of the most massive known objects of the Solar System and partial lists of smaller objects by observed mean radius. These lists can be sorted according to an object's radius and mass and, for the most massive objects, volume, density, and surface gravity, if these values are available.
These lists contain the Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, many of the larger small Solar System bodies (which includes the asteroids), all named natural satellites, and a number of smaller objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects.
Many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) have been discovered; in many cases their positions in this list are approximate, as there is frequently a large uncertainty in their estimated diameters due to their distance from Earth.
Solar System objects more massive than 1021 kilograms are known or expected to be approximately spherical. Astronomical bodies relax into rounded shapes (spheroids), achieving hydrostatic equilibrium, when their own gravity is sufficient to overcome the structural strength of their material. It was believed that the cutoff for round objects is somewhere between 100 km and 200 km in radius if they have a large amount of ice in their makeup;[1] however, later studies revealed that icy satellites as large as Iapetus (1,470 kilometers in diameter) are not in hydrostatic equilibrium at this time,[2] and a 2019 assessment suggests that many TNOs in the size range of 400–1,000 kilometers may not even be fully solid bodies, much less gravitationally rounded.[3] Objects that are ellipsoids due to their own gravity are here generally referred to as being "round", whether or not they are actually in equilibrium today, while objects that are clearly not ellipsoidal are referred to as being "irregular."
Spheroidal bodies typically have some polar flattening due to the centrifugal force from their rotation, and can sometimes even have quite different equatorial diameters (scalene ellipsoids such as Haumea). Unlike bodies such as Haumea, the irregular bodies have a significantly non-ellipsoidal profile, often with sharp edges.
There can be difficulty in determining the diameter (within a factor of about 2) for typical objects beyond Saturn. (See 2060 Chiron as an example) For TNOs there is some confidence in the diameters, but for non-binary TNOs there is no real confidence in the masses/densities. Many TNOs are often just assumed to have Pluto's density of 2.0 g/cm3, but it is just as likely that they have a comet-like density of only 0.5 g/cm3.[4]
For example, if a TNO is incorrectly assumed to have a mass of 3.59×1020 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm3 but is later discovered to have a radius of only 175 km with a density of 0.5 g/cm3, its true mass would be only 1.12×1019 kg.
The sizes and masses of many of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn are fairly well known due to numerous observations and interactions of the
There are uncertainties in the figures for mass and radius, and irregularities in the shape and density, with accuracy often depending on how close the object is to Earth or whether it has been visited by a probe.
Graphical overview
-
Relative masses of the bodies of the Solar System. Objects smaller than Saturn are not visible at this scale.
Objects with radius over 400 km
The following objects have a mean radius of at least 400 km. It was once expected that any icy body larger than approximately 200 km in radius was likely to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (HE).[7] However, Ceres (r = 470 km) is the smallest body for which detailed measurements are consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium,[8] whereas Iapetus (r = 735 km) is the largest icy body that has been found to not be in hydrostatic equilibrium.[9] The known icy moons in this range are all ellipsoidal (except Proteus), but trans-Neptunian objects up to 450–500 km radius may be quite porous.[10]
For simplicity and comparative purposes, the values are manually calculated assuming that the bodies are all spheres. The size of solid bodies does not include an object's atmosphere. For example, Titan looks bigger than Ganymede, but its solid body is smaller. For the giant planets, the "radius" is defined as the distance from the center at which the atmosphere reaches 1 bar of atmospheric pressure.[11]
Because Sedna and 2002 MS4 have no known moons, directly determining their mass is impossible without sending a probe (estimated to be from 1.7x1021 to 6.1×1021 kg for Sedna[12]).
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] | Volume | Mass | Surface area | Density | Gravity[note 3] | Type | Discovery | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(km) | (R🜨) | ( 109 km3)
|
(V🜨) | ( 1021 kg)
|
(M🜨) | (106 km2) | 🜨 | (g/cm3) | (m/s2) | (🜨) | ||||
Sun | 695508 ± ?[13] | 109.2[13] | 1,409,300,000[13] | 1,301,000[13] | 1989100000[13] | 333,000[13] | 6,078,700[13] | 11,918[13] | 1.409[13] | 274.0[13] | 27.94[13] | G2V-class star | prehistoric | |
Jupiter | 69911±6[14] | 10.97 | 1,431,280 | 1,321 | 1898187±88[14] | 317.83 | 61,419[15] | 120.41 | 1.3262±0.0003[14] | 24.79[14] | 2.528 | gas giant planet; has rings
|
prehistoric | |
Saturn | 58232±6[14] (136775 for A Ring) |
9.140 | 827,130 | 764 | 568317±13[14] | 95.162 | 42,612[16] | 83.54 | 0.6871±0.0002[14] | 10.44[14] | 1.065 | gas giant planet; has rings
|
prehistoric | |
Uranus | 25362±7[14] | 3.981 | 68,340 | 63.1 | 86813±4[14] | 14.536 | 8083.1[17] | 15.85 | 1.270±0.001[14] | 8.87[14] | 0.886 | ice giant planet; has rings
|
1781 | |
Neptune | 24622±19[14] | 3.865 | 62,540 | 57.7 | 102413±5[14] | 17.147 | 7618.3[18] | 14.94 | 1.638±0.004[14] | 11.15[14] | 1.137 | ice giant planet; has rings
|
1846 | |
Earth | 6371.0±0.0001[14] | 1 | 1,083.21 | 1 | 5972.4±0.3[14] | 1 | 510.06447[19] | 1 | 5.5136±0.0003[14] | 9.81[14] | 1 | terrestrial planet | prehistoric | |
Venus | 6052±1[14] | 0.9499 | 928.43 | 0.857 | 4867.5±0.2[14] | 0.815 | 460.2[20] | 0.903 | 5.243±0.003[14] | 8.87[14] | 0.905 | terrestrial planet | prehistoric | |
Mars | 3389.5±0.2[14] | 0.5320 | 163.18 | 0.151 | 641.71±0.03[14] | 0.107 | 144.37[21] | 0.283 | 3.9341±0.0007[14] | 3.71[14] | 0.379 | terrestrial planet | prehistoric | |
Ganymede Jupiter III |
2634.1±0.3 | 0.4135 | 76.30 | 0.0704 | 148.2 | 0.0248 | 86.999[22] | 0.171 | 1.936 | 1.428 | 0.146 | moon of Jupiter (icy) | 1610 | |
Titan Saturn VI |
2574.73±0.09[23] | 0.4037[a] | 71.50 | 0.0658 | 134.5 | 0.0225 | 83.3054[24] | 0.163 | 1.880±0.004 | 1.354 | 0.138 | moon of Saturn (icy) | 1655 | |
Mercury | 2439.4±0.1[14] | 0.3829 | 60.83 | 0.0562 | 330.11±0.02[14] | 0.0553 | 74.797[25] | 0.147 | 5.4291±0.007[14] | 3.70[14] | 0.377 | terrestrial planet | prehistoric | |
Callisto Jupiter IV |
2410.3±1.5[23] | 0.3783 | 58.65 | 0.0541 | 107.6 | 0.018 | 73.005[26] | 0.143 | 1.834±0.003 | 1.23603 | 0.126 | moon of Jupiter (icy) | 1610 | |
Io Jupiter I |
1821.6±0.5[5] | 0.2859 | 25.32 | 0.0234 | 89.32 | 0.015 | 41.698[27] | 0.082 | 3.528±0.006 | 1.797 | 0.183 | moon of Jupiter (terrestrial) | 1610 | |
Moon Earth I |
1737.5±0.1[28] | 0.2727 | 21.958 | 0.0203 | 73.46[29] | 0.0123 | 37.937[30] | 0.074 | 3.344±0.005[28] | 1.625 | 0.166 | moon of Earth (terrestrial) | prehistoric | |
Europa Jupiter II |
1560.8±0.5[5] | 0.2450 | 15.93 | 0.0147 | 48.00 | 0.008035 | 30.613[31] | 0.06 | 3.013±0.005 | 1.316 | 0.134 | moon of Jupiter (terrestrial) | 1610 | |
Triton Neptune I |
1353.4±0.9[a][23] | 0.2124[a] | 10.38 | 0.0096 | 21.39±0.03 | 0.003599 | 23.018[32] | 0.045 | 2.061 | 0.782 | 0.0797 | moon of Neptune (icy) | 1846 | |
Pluto 134340 |
1188.3±0.8 | 0.187 | 7.057 | 0.00651 | 13.03±0.03 | 0.0022 | 17.79 | 0.034 | 1.854±0.006 | 0.620 | 0.063 | dwarf planet; plutino; multiple | 1930 | |
Eris 136199 |
1163±6[b][33] | 0.1825[b] | 6.59 | 0.0061 | 16.6±0.2[34] | 0.0028 | 17 | 0.033 | 2.52±0.07 | 0.824 | 0.083 | dwarf planet; SDO; binary | 2003 | |
Haumea 136108 |
798±6 to 816[35] | 0.12 | 1.98[c] | 0.0018 | 4.01±0.04[36] | 0.00066 | 8.14 | 0.016 | 2.018[37][d] | 0.401 | 0.0409 | rings
|
2004 | |
Titania Uranus III |
788.9±1.8[23] | 0.1237[e] | 2.06 | 0.0019 | 3.40±0.06 | 0.00059 | 7.82[38] | 0.015 | 1.711±0.005 | 0.378 | 0.0385 | moon of Uranus | 1787 | |
Rhea Saturn V |
763.8±1.0[e] | 0.1199[e] | 1.87 | 0.0017 | 2.307 | 0.00039 | 7.34[39] | 0.014 | 1.236±0.005 | 0.26 | 0.027 | moon of Saturn | 1672 | |
Oberon Uranus IV |
761.4±2.6[a][23] | 0.1195[a] | 1.85 | 0.0017 | 3.08±0.09 | 0.0005 | 7.285[40] | 0.014 | 1.63±0.05 | 0.347 | 0.035 | moon of Uranus | 1787 | |
Iapetus Saturn VIII |
735.6±1.5[5] | 0.1153 | 1.66 | 0.0015 | 1.806 | 0.00033 | 6.8 | 0.013 | 1.088±0.013 | 0.223 | 0.0227 | moon of Saturn | 1671 | |
Makemake 136472 |
715+19 −11[41] |
0.112 | 1.53 | 0.0014 | ≈ 3.1 | 0.00053 | 6.4 | 0.013 | ≈ 2.1 | 0.57 | 0.0581 | dwarf planet; cubewano | 2005 | |
Gonggong 225088 |
615±25[42] | 0.0983 | 1.03 | 0.0009 | 1.75±0.07 | 0.00029 | 4.753 | 0.009 | 1.72±0.16 | 0.3 | 0.0306 | dwarf planet?; resonant SDO (3:10) | 2007 | |
Charon Pluto I |
606.0±0.5 | 0.0951 | 0.932 | 0.0009 | 1.586±0.015 | 0.00025 | 4.578[43] | 0.009 | 1.70±0.02 | 0.288 | 0.0294 | moon of Pluto | 1978 | |
Umbriel Uranus II |
584.7±2.8[23] | 0.0918 | 0.837 | 0.0008 | 1.28±0.03 | 0.00020 | 4.3[44] | 0.008 | 1.39±0.16 | 0.234 | 0.024 | moon of Uranus | 1851 | |
Ariel Uranus I |
578.9±0.6[23] | 0.0909 | 0.813 | 0.0007 | 1.25±0.02 | 0.000226 | 4.211[45] | 0.008 | 1.66±0.15 | 0.269 | 0.027 | moon of Uranus | 1851 | |
Dione Saturn IV |
561.7±0.45[23] | 0.0881 | 0.741 | 0.0007 | 1.095 | 0.000183 | 3.965[46] | 0.008 | 1.478±0.003 | 0.232 | 0.0237 | moon of Saturn | 1684 | |
Quaoar 50000 |
543±2 | 0.0879 | 0.737 | 0.0007 | 1.20±0.05[47] | 0.0002 | 3.83 | 0.008 | 2.0±0.5[48] | 0.3 | 0.0306 | binary; has rings
|
2002 | |
Tethys Saturn III |
533.0±0.7[23] | 0.0834 | 0.624 | 0.0006 | 0.617 | 0.000103 | 3.57[49] | 0.007 | 0.984±0.003[50] | 0.145 | 0.015 | moon of Saturn | 1684 | |
Ceres 1 |
469.7±0.1[51] | 0.0742 | 0.433 | 0.0004 | 0.938[52] | 0.000157 | 2.85[53] | 0.006[53] | 2.17 | 0.28 | 0.029 | dwarf planet; belt asteroid | 1801 | |
Orcus 90482 |
455+25 −20 |
0.0719 | 0.404 | 0.0004 | 0.548±0.010[54] | 0.000092 | 1.4±0.2[54] | 0.2 | 0.0204 | plutino; binary | 2004 | |||
Sedna 90377 |
453+157 −129 |
0.0785 | 0.516 | 0.0005 | dwarf planet; sednoid; detached object | 2003 | ||||||||
Salacia 120347 |
423±11 | 0.0664 | 0.3729 | 0.0003 | 0.492±0.007[55] | 0.000082 | 1.5±0.1[55] | 0.165 | 0.0168 | cubewano; binary | 2004 | |||
2002 MS4 307261 |
400±12[56] | 0.0628 | 0.2681 | 0.0002 | cubewano | 2002 | ||||||||
Smaller objects by mean radius
From 200 to 399 km
All imaged icy moons with radii greater than 200 km except Proteus are clearly round, although those under 400 km that have had their shapes carefully measured are not in hydrostatic equilibrium.[57] The known densities of TNOs in this size range are remarkably low (1–1.2 g/cm3), implying that the objects retain significant internal porosity from their formation and were never gravitationally compressed into fully solid bodies.[10]
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass (1018 kg) |
Density (g/cm3) |
Type[note 4] | Refs[note 5] r · M | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 AW197 55565 |
384±19 | – | – | cubewano | [59] | ||||||||
Varda 174567 |
373±8 | 245±6 | 1.23±0.04 | binary
|
[60] · [60] | ||||||||
2013 FY27 532037 |
370±40 | – | – | SDO; binary
|
[61] | ||||||||
2003 AZ84 208996 |
362 ~ 386±6 (assuming HE) | 150 ~ 210 (assuming HE) | 0.76 ~ 0.87 (assuming HE) | plutino; binary | [58][62] | ||||||||
Ixion 28978 |
354.8±0.1 | – | – | plutino | [63] | ||||||||
2004 GV9 90568 |
340±17 | – | – | cubewano | [64] | ||||||||
2005 RN43 145452 |
340+28 −37 |
– | – | cubewano | [64] | ||||||||
Varuna 20000 |
334+77 −43 |
≈ 160 | 0.99+0.09 −0.02 |
cubewano | [65] · [66] | ||||||||
2002 UX25 55637 |
332±15 | 125±3 | 0.82±0.11 | cubewano; binary | [67] · [68] | ||||||||
2005 RM43 145451 |
322 | – | – | SDO | [69][70] | ||||||||
Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà 229762 |
321±14 | 136.1±3.3 | 1.02±0.17 | SDO; binary
|
[71] · [72] | ||||||||
2014 UZ224 | 317.5+28.5 −30.5 |
– | – | SDO | [73] | ||||||||
2008 OG19 470599 |
309.5+28 −56.5 |
– | 0.609±0.004 | SDO | [74] · [74] | ||||||||
2007 JJ43 278361 |
305+85 −70 |
– | – | cubewano | [75] | ||||||||
Chaos 19521 |
300+70 −65 |
– | – | cubewano | [64] | ||||||||
Dysnomia Eris I |
≈ 300; ≤ 370 | 300–500 < 140 |
1.8–2.4 < 1.2 |
moon of Eris | [76][54] | ||||||||
2014 EZ51 523692 |
> 288 | – | – | SDO | [77] | ||||||||
2012 VP113 | ≈ 287 | – | – | sednoid | [78] | ||||||||
2002 XW93 78799 |
283+36 −37 |
– | – | other TNO | [79] | ||||||||
2004 XR190 612911 |
≈ 278 | – | – | SDO | [7] | ||||||||
2002 XV93 612533 |
275+11 −12 |
– | – | plutino | [80] | ||||||||
2015 RR245 523794 |
≈ 270 | – | – | resonant KBO (2:9); binary
|
[78] | ||||||||
2003 UZ413 455502 |
≈ 268 | – | – | plutino | [7] | ||||||||
Vesta 4 |
262.7±0.1 | 259 | 3.46 | belt asteroid type V | [81] · [81] | ||||||||
2003 VS2 84922 |
262±4 | – | – | plutino | [82] | ||||||||
Pallas 2 |
256±2 | 204±3 | 2.92±0.08 | belt asteroid type B | [83][84] | ||||||||
2004 TY364 120348 |
256+19 −20 |
– | – | cubewano | [85] | ||||||||
Enceladus Saturn II |
252.1±0.2 | 108.0±0.1 | 1.609±0.005 | moon of Saturn | [86] · [87] | ||||||||
2002 TC302 84522 |
250±7 | – | – | resonant SDO (2:5)
|
[88] | ||||||||
2005 UQ513 202421 |
249+32 −38 |
– | – | cubewano | [59] | ||||||||
Miranda Uranus V |
235.8±0.7 | 65.9±7.5 | 1.2±0.15 | moon of Uranus | [89] · [90] | ||||||||
Dziewanna 471143 |
235+18 −5 |
– | – | SDO | [91] | ||||||||
2005 TB190 145480 |
232±31 | – | – | detached object | [92] | ||||||||
1999 DE9 26375 |
231±23 | – | – | resonant SDO (2:5)
|
[93] | ||||||||
2003 FY128 120132 |
230±11 | – | – | SDO | [92] | ||||||||
2002 VR128 84719 |
224+24 −22 |
– | – | plutino | [80] | ||||||||
Vanth Orcus I |
221±5 | 87±8 | 1.5+1.0 −0.5 |
moon of 90482 Orcus | [94] · [54] | ||||||||
Hygiea 10 |
216±4 | 87.4±6.9 | 2.06±0.20 | belt asteroid type C | [95] · [84] | ||||||||
2004 NT33 444030 |
212+44 −40 |
– | – | cubewano | [59] | ||||||||
Proteus Neptune VIII |
210±7 | 44 | ≈ 1.3 | moon of Neptune | [5] · [5] | ||||||||
2005 QU182 303775 |
208±37 | – | – | SDO | [92] | ||||||||
2002 KX14 119951 |
207.5±0.5 | – | – | cubewano | [96] | ||||||||
2001 QF298 469372 |
204+20 −22 |
– | – | plutino | [80] | ||||||||
Huya 38628 |
203±8 | > 50 | > 1.43 | binary
|
[67] · [97] | ||||||||
2004 PF115 175113 |
203+49 −38 |
– | – | plutino | [80] | ||||||||
Legend:
|
From 100 to 199 km
This list contains a selection of objects estimated to be between 100 and 199 km in radius (200 and 399 km in diameter). The largest of these may have a hydrostatic-equilibrium shape, but most are irregular. Most of the
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass ( 1018 kg )
|
Type | Refs[note 5] r · M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 UX10 144897 |
199±20 | ≈ 30 | plutino | [80] · [99] | ||
Mimas Saturn I |
198.2±0.3 | 37.49±0.03 | moon of Saturn | [86] · [87][23] | ||
1998 SN165 35671 |
196±20 | cubewano
|
[59] | |||
2001 UR163 42301 |
≈ 176 | resonant KBO (4:9)
|
[58] | |||
Nereid Neptune II |
170±25 | moon of Neptune | [23] | |||
1996 TL66 15874 |
170±10 | SDO | [92] | |||
2004 XA192 230965 |
170+60 −47.5 |
SDO | [80] | |||
2002 WC19 119979 |
≈ 169 | 77±5 | resonant KBO (1:2); binary
|
[100] · [100] | ||
Interamnia 704 |
166±3 | 35.2±5.1 | belt asteroid type F
|
[101] · [84] | ||
Ilmarë Varda I |
163±18 | moon of 174567 Varda | [102] | |||
Europa 52 |
160±2 | 23.9±3.8 | belt asteroid type C
|
[84] | ||
Hiʻiaka Haumea I |
≈ 160 | 17.9±1.1 | moon of Haumea | [36] · [36] | ||
Davida 511 |
149±2 | 26.6±7.3 | belt asteroid type C
|
[84] | ||
2002 TX300 55636 |
143±5 | cubewano
|
[103] | |||
Actaea Salacia I |
143±12 | moon of 120347 Salacia | [104] | |||
Sylvia 87 |
137±2 | 14.3±0.5 | outer belt asteroid type X; trinary
|
[84] | ||
Lempo 47171 |
136±9 | plutino; trinary | [105] | |||
Eunomia 15 |
135±2 | 30.5±1.9 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | ||
Hyperion Saturn VII |
135±4 | 5.62±0.05 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57][23] | ||
Euphrosyne 31 |
134±2 | 16.5±2.6 | belt asteroid type C; binary
|
[84] | ||
1998 SM165 26308 |
134±14 | 6.87±1.8 | resonant KBO (1:2)
|
[106] · [106] | ||
Cybele 65 |
131.5±1.5 | 14.8±1.8 | outer belt asteroid type C
|
[107] | ||
Chariklo 10199 |
≈ 130 | centaur; has rings
|
[108] | |||
Juno 3 |
127±1 | 27.0±2.4 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | ||
Hiisi Lempo II |
126±8 | secondary of 47171 Lempo | [105] | |||
Hektor 624 |
125±13 | 7.9±1.4 | Jupiter trojan ( type D; binary
|
[109] · [109] | ||
Sila 79360 |
124±15 | 10.8±0.22 | cubewano; binary | [110] | ||
2007 RW10 309239 |
124±15 | quasi-satellite of Neptune | [92] | |||
Altjira 148780 |
123+19 −70 |
cubewano ; binary
|
[59] | |||
Nunam 79360 |
118±15 | secondary of 79360 Sila | [110] | |||
Bamberga 324 |
114±2 | 10.2±0.9 | belt asteroid type C
|
[84] | ||
Patientia 451 |
112.9±2.3 | 10.9±5.3 | belt asteroid type C
|
[111] · [112] | ||
Psyche 16 |
112±2 | 26.2±2.9 | belt asteroid type M
|
[84] | ||
Ceto 65489 |
112±5 | 5.4±0.4 | extended centaur; binary
|
[92] · [113] | ||
Herculina 532 |
111.2±2.4 | belt asteroid type S
|
[114] | |||
S/2007 (148780) 1 Altjira I |
110+17 −62 |
secondary of 148780 Altjira | [59] | |||
Hesperia 69 |
110±15 | 5.86±1.18 | belt asteroid type M
|
[114] · [112][115] | ||
Thisbe 88 |
109±2 | 11.6±2.2 | belt asteroid type B
|
[84] | ||
Doris 48 |
108±2 | 6.9±2.9 | belt asteroid type C
|
[84] | ||
Chiron 2060 or 95P |
108±5 | has rings
|
[67] | |||
Phoebe Saturn IX |
106.5±0.7 | 8.29±0.01 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57][23] | ||
S/2012 (38628) 1 Huya I |
106±15 | moon of 38628 Huya | [67] | |||
Fortuna 19 |
105.5±1.0 | 8.8±1.4 | belt asteroid type G
|
[84] | ||
Camilla 107 |
105±4 | 11.2±0.3 | outer belt asteroid type C; trinary
|
[111] · [112] | ||
Themis 24 |
104±2 | 6.2±2.9 | belt asteroid type C
|
[84] | ||
Amphitrite 29 |
102±1 | 12.7±2.0 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | ||
Egeria 13 |
101±2 | 9.2±2.1 | belt asteroid type G
|
[84] | ||
Iris 7 |
100±5 | 13.5±2.3 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | ||
Legend:
|
From 50 to 99 km
This list contains a selection of objects 50 and 99 km in radius (100 km to 199 km in average diameter). The listed objects currently include most objects in the asteroid belt and moons of the giant planets in this size range, but many newly discovered objects in the outer Solar System are missing, such as those included in the following reference.[58] Asteroid spectral types are mostly Tholen, but some might be SMASS.
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass ( 1018 kg )
|
Type | Refs[note 5] r · M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elektra 130 |
99.5±1 | 6.4±0.2 | belt asteroid type G; multiple
|
[84] | |
Bienor 54598 |
99+3 −3.5 |
centaur
|
[116] | ||
Hebe 6 |
97.5±1.5 | 12.4±2.4 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Larissa Neptune VII |
97±3 | ≈ 4.2 | moon of Neptune | [117] · [f][23] | |
Ursula 375 |
96.8±1.3 | 8.4±5.3 | belt asteroid type C
|
[119] · [112] | |
S/2018 (532037) 1
|
≈ 95 | moon of 2013 FY27
|
[61] | ||
Eugenia 45 |
94±1 | 5.8±0.1 | belt asteroid type F; trinary
|
[84] | |
Hermione 121 |
94±3 | 5.0±0.3 | outer belt asteroid type C; binary
|
[120] · [112] | |
Daphne 41 |
94±7 | 6.1±0.9 | belt asteroid binary
|
[84] | |
Aurora 94 |
93.8±3.6[dubious ] | 6.2±3.6 | belt asteroid type C
|
[121] · [112] | |
Bertha 154 |
93.4±0.9 | 9.2±5.2[dubious ] | belt asteroid type C
|
[112] · [112] | |
Janus Saturn X |
89.5±1.4 | 1.898±0.001 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57] | |
Teharonhiawako 88611 |
89+16 −18 |
2.44±0.03[dubious ] | cubewano; binary
|
[59] · [122] | |
Aegle 96 |
88.9±0.8 | 6.4±6.3 | belt asteroid type T
|
[111] · [112] | |
Galatea Neptune VI |
88±4 | 2.12±0.08 | moon of Neptune | [117] · [123][23] | |
Phorcys Ceto I |
87+8 −9 |
≈ 1.67 | secondary of 65489 Ceto | [113] · [113] | |
Palma 372 |
86.8±1.4[dubious ] | 5.2±0.6 | belt asteroid type B
|
[124] · [112] | |
Metis 9 |
86.5±1 | 8.0±1.9 | belt asteroid type S
|
[111] · [112] | |
Alauda 702 |
86±28 | 6.06±0.36[dubious ] | belt asteroid type C; binary
|
[124] · [125] | |
Hilda 153 |
85.3±1.6 | outer belt asteroid; Hildas
|
[114] | ||
Himalia Jupiter VI |
85 | 4.2±0.6 | moon of Jupiter | [5] · [126] | |
Namaka Haumea II |
≈ 85 | 1.8±1.5 | moon of Haumea | [36] · [36] | |
Weywot Quaoar I |
≈ 85 | < ≈ 5 | moon of 50000 Quaoar | ||
Freia 76 |
84.2±1.0 | 2.0±4.2[dubious ] | outer belt asteroid type X
|
[119] · [112] | |
Amalthea Jupiter V |
83.45±2.4 | 2.08±0.15 | moon of Jupiter | [127] · [128][23] | |
Agamemnon 911 |
83.3±2.0 | Jupiter trojan ( type D
|
[114] | ||
Elpis 59 |
82.6±2.3 | 3±0.5 | belt asteroid type B
|
[111] · [112] | |
Eleonora 354 |
82.5±1.5 | 7.5±2.7 | belt asteroid type A
|
[84] | |
Nemesis 128 |
81.5±2.5 | 3.4±1.7 | belt asteroid type C
|
[84] | |
Puck Uranus XV |
81±2 | moon of Uranus | [129] | ||
S/2015 (136472) 1 Makemake I |
≈ 80 | moon of Makemake | [130] | ||
Sycorax Uranus XVII |
78.5+11.5 −7.5 |
moon of Uranus | [131] | ||
Io 85 |
77.4±1.9[dubious ] | 2.6±1.5 | belt asteroid type B
|
[114] · [112] | |
Minerva 93 |
77.08±0.65 | 3.5±0.4 | belt asteroid type C; trinary
|
[111] · [112] | |
Alexandra 54 |
77.07±0.32 | 6.2±3.5[dubious ] | belt asteroid type C
|
[111] · [112] | |
Laetitia 39 |
77±2 | 4.7±1.1 | belt asteroid type S
|
[112] · [112] | |
Nemausa 51 |
75±1.5 | 3.9±1.6 | belt asteroid type G
|
[84] | |
Kalliope 22 |
75±2.5 | 7.7±0.4 | belt asteroid type M; binary
|
[84] | |
Despina Neptune V |
75±3 | moon of Neptune | [23] | ||
Manwë 385446 |
≈ 75 | ≈ 1.41 | binary
|
[132] · [132] | |
Pales 49 |
≈ 74.9 | 4.2±2.2 | belt asteroid type C
|
[114] · [112] | |
Parthenope 11 |
74.5±1 | 5.5±0.4 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Arethusa 95 |
74.0±2.4 | belt asteroid type C
|
[121] | ||
Pulcova 762 |
73.7±0.4 | 1.4±0.1 | belt asteroid type F; binary
|
[111] · [133] | |
Flora 8 |
73±1 | 4.0±1.6 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Ino 173 |
72.5±1.5 | 2.2±1.3 | belt asteroid type Xc
|
[84] | |
Adeona 145 |
72±1.5 | 2.4±0.3 | belt asteroid type Xc
|
[84] | |
Irene 14 |
72±1 | 2.9±1.9 | belt asteroid type S
|
[119] · [112] | |
Melpomene 18 |
70.5±1 | 4.5±0.9 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Lamberta 187 |
70.5±1 | 1.9±0.3 | belt asteroid type Ch
|
[84] | |
Aglaja 47 |
71±4 | 3.2±1.7 | belt asteroid type C
|
[112] · [112] | |
Patroclus 617 |
70.2±0.4 | 1.36±0.11 | Jupiter trojan ( type P; binary
|
[111] · [112] | |
Julia 89 |
70±1.4 | 4.3±3.2 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Typhon 42355 |
69±4.5 | 0.87±0.03 | SDO (7:10); binary
|
[116] · [134] | |
Massalia 20 |
67.8±1.8 | 5±1.04 | belt asteroid type S
|
[124] · [112] | |
Portia Uranus XII |
67.6±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Emma 283 |
66.2±0.1 | 1.38±0.03 | belt asteroid type X; binary
|
[111] · [112] | |
Paha Lempo I |
66+4 −4.5 |
0.746±0.001 | moon of 47171 Lempo | [105] · [135] | |
Lucina 146 |
65.9±? | belt asteroid type C
|
[136] | ||
Sawiskera Teharonhiawako I |
65.5+12 −13 |
secondary of 88611 Teharonhiawako | [59] | ||
Achilles 588 |
65.0±0.3 | Jupiter trojan ( type DU
|
[111] | ||
Panopaea 70 |
64.0±0.4 | 4.33±1.09 | belt asteroid type C
|
[111] · [112] | |
Thule 279 |
63.3±1.8 | outer belt asteroid type D | [114] | ||
Borasisi 66652 |
63+12.5 −25.5 |
3.433±0.027 | cubewano; binary
|
[59] · [137] | |
Hestia 46 |
62.07±1.7 | 3.5 | belt asteroid type Xc
|
[114] · [138] | |
Leto 68 |
61.3±1.6 | 3.28±1.9 | belt asteroid type S
|
[111] · [112] | |
Undina 92 |
60.46±0.85 | 4.43±0.25 | belt asteroid type X
|
[119] · [112] | |
Bellona 28 |
60.45±1.90 | 2.62±0.15 | belt asteroid type S
|
[139] · [112] | |
Diana 78 |
60.30±1.35 | 1.27±0.13 | belt asteroid type C
|
[140] · [112] | |
Anchises 1173 |
60.2±1.5 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type P | [119] | ||
Bernardinelli-Bernstein C/2014 UN271 |
60±7 | comet | [141] | ||
Galatea 74 |
59.4±1.4 | 6.13±5.36 | belt asteroid type C
|
[142] · [112] | |
Deiphobus 1867 |
59.1±0.8 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type D | [143] | ||
Äneas 1172 |
59.01±0.40 | Jupiter trojan ( type D
|
[144] | ||
Kleopatra 216 |
59±1 | 3.0±0.3 | belt asteroid type M; trinary
|
[84] | |
Athamantis 230 |
59±1 | 2.3±1.1 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Diomedes 1437 |
58.89±0.59 | Jupiter trojan ( type D
|
[145] | ||
Terpsichore 81 |
58.9±0.4 | 6.19±5.31 | belt asteroid type C
|
[146] · [112] | |
Epimetheus Saturn XI |
58.1±1.8 | 0.5266±0.0006 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57] | |
Victoria 12 |
58±1 | 2.7±1.3 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Circe 34 |
57.7±1.0 | ≈ 3.66±0.03 | belt asteroid type C
|
[111] · [112] | |
Leda 38 |
57.7±0.7 | 5.71±5.47 | belt asteroid type C
|
[112] · [112] | |
Odysseus 1143 |
57.3±0.3 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [147] | ||
Alcathous 2241 |
56.8±0.9 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type D | [148] | ||
Melete 56 |
56.62±0.85 | 4.61 | belt asteroid type P | [114] · [112] | |
Mnemosyne 57 |
56.3±1.4 | ≈ 12.6±2.4 | belt asteroid type S
|
[149] · [112] | |
Nestor 659 |
56.2±0.9 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type XC | [150] | ||
Harmonia 40 |
55.6±0.2 | belt asteroid type S
|
[151] | ||
Leleākūhonua 541132 |
55+7 −5 |
sednoid | [152] | ||
Euterpe 27 |
54.9±0.8 | 1.67±1.01 | belt asteroid type S
|
[119] · [112] | |
Antilochus 1583 |
54.4±0.3 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [111] | ||
Thorondor Manwë I |
54 | 0.5 | secondary of 385446 Manwë | [132] · [132] | |
Thalia 23 |
53.8±1.1 | 1.96±0.09 | belt asteroid type S
|
[153] · [112] | |
Erato 62 |
53.5±0.3 | belt asteroid type BU/type Ch | [154] | ||
Astraea 5 |
53.3±1.6 | 2.9 | belt asteroid type S
|
[155] · [138] | |
Pabu Borasisi I |
52.5+10 −21 |
secondary of 66652 Borasisi | [59] | ||
Eos 221 |
51.76±2.8 | ≈ 5.87±0.34 | belt asteroid type S/type K | [112] · [112] | |
Aegina 91 |
51.7±0.2 | belt asteroid type C
|
[156] | ||
Leukothea 35 |
51.5±0.6 | belt asteroid type C
|
[157] | ||
Menoetius Patroclus I |
51.4±0.25 | secondary of 617 Patroclus | [158] | ||
Isis 42 |
51.4±1.4 | 1.58±0.52 | belt asteroid type S
|
[112] · [112] | |
Klotho 97 |
50.4±0.3 | 1.33±0.13 | belt asteroid type M | [111] · [112] | |
Troilus 1208 |
50.3±0.5 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type FCU | [159] |
From 20 to 49 km
This list includes few examples since there are about 589
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass ( 1015 kg )
|
Type – notes | Refs[note 5] r · M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asterope 233 |
49.8±0.6 | belt asteroid type K
|
[162] | ||
Pholus 5145 |
49.5+7.5 −7 |
centaur
|
[116] | ||
Thebe Jupiter XIV |
49.3±2 | moon of Jupiter | [127] | ||
Lutetia 21 |
49±1 | 1700±20 | belt asteroid type M
|
[84] | |
Kalypso 53 |
48.631±13.299 | ≈ 5630±5000 | belt asteroid type XC | [163] · [112] | |
Notburga 626 |
48.42±2.335 | belt asteroid type XC | [112] | ||
Proserpina 26 |
47.4±0.85 | 748±895 | belt asteroid type S
|
[164] · [112] | |
Juliet Uranus XI |
46.8±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Urania 30 |
44±1 | 1300±900 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Ausonia 63 |
46.5±1.5 | 1200±200 | belt asteroid type S
|
[84] | |
Beatrix 83 |
44.819±1.326 | belt asteroid type X | [111] | ||
Concordia 58 |
44.806±0.419 | belt asteroid type C
|
[111] | ||
Echidna Typhon I |
44.5±3 | moon of 42355 Typhon | [134] | ||
Automedon 2920 |
44.287±0.898 | Jupiter trojan ( type D
|
[165] | ||
Antiope 90 |
43.9±0.5 | 828±22 | belt asteroid binary
|
[166] · [166] | |
Prometheus Saturn XVI |
43.1±2.7 | 159.5±1.5 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57] | |
Danaë 61 |
42.969±1.076 | 2890±2780 | belt asteroid type S | [167] · [112] | |
Thetis 17 |
42.449±1.014 | 1200 | belt asteroid type S
|
[168] · [161] | |
Pandora 55 |
42.397±1.251 | belt asteroid type M
|
[169] | ||
Huenna 379 |
42.394±0.779 | 383±19 | belt asteroid binary
|
[170] · [171] | |
Virginia 50 |
42.037±0.121 | 2310±700 | belt asteroid type Ch
|
[172] · [112] | |
Feronia 72 |
41.975±2.01 | ≈ 3320±8490 | belt asteroid type TDG
|
[112] · [112] | |
S/2000 (90) 1 Antiope I |
41.9±0.5 | secondary of 90 Antiope | [166] | ||
Poulydamas 4348 |
41.016±0.313 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type C | [173] | ||
Logos 58534 |
41±9 | 458±6.9 | binary
|
[174] · [174] | |
Pandora Saturn XVII |
40.7±1.5 | 137.1±1.9 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57] | |
Thalassa Neptune IV |
40.7±2.8 | moon of Neptune | [117] | ||
Niobe 71 |
40.43±0.4 | belt asteroid type S | [119] | ||
Pomona 32 |
40.38±0.8 | belt asteroid type S | [175] | ||
Belinda Uranus XIV |
40.3±8 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Elara Jupiter VII |
39.95±1.7 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Cressida Uranus IX |
39.8±2 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Amycus 55576 |
38.15±6.25 | centaur
|
[93] | ||
Hylonome 10370 |
37.545 | centaur
|
[177] | ||
Socus 3708 |
37.831±0.404 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type C | [111] | ||
Nysa 44 |
37.83±0.37 | belt asteroid type E | [119] | ||
Rosalind Uranus XIII |
36±6 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Maja 66 |
35.895±0.46 | belt asteroid type C
|
[119] | ||
Ariadne 43 |
35.67±0.627 | ≈ 1210±220 | belt asteroid type S
|
[178] · [112] | |
Iphigenia 112 |
35.535±0.26 | ≈ 1970±6780 | belt asteroid type C
|
[112] · [112] | |
Xiangliu Gonggong I |
≈ 35±15 | moon of (225088) Gonggong
|
|||
Dike 99 |
33.677±0.208 | belt asteroid type C | [179] | ||
Echeclus 60558 or 174P |
32.3±0.8 | centaur
|
[116] | ||
Desdemona Uranus X |
32±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Eurybates 3548 |
31.943±0.149 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type CP | [111] | ||
Eurynome 79 |
31.739±0.476 | belt asteroid type S
|
[180] | ||
Eurydike 75 |
31.189±0.802 | belt asteroid type M
|
[181] | ||
Halimede Neptune IX |
≈ 31 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Phocaea 25 |
30.527±1.232 | 599±60 | belt asteroid type S | [111] · [112] | |
Naiad Neptune III |
30.2±3.2 | moon of Neptune | [117] | ||
Schwassmann– Wachmann 1 29P |
30.2±3.7 | comet | [182] | ||
Neso Neptune XIII |
≈ 30 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Angelina 64 |
29.146±0.541 | belt asteroid type E
|
[183] | ||
Pasiphae Jupiter VIII |
28.9±0.4 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Alkmene 82 |
28.811±0.357 | belt asteroid type S
|
[184] | ||
Nessus 7066 |
28.5±8.5 | centaur
|
[116] | ||
Polana 142 |
27.406±0.139 | belt asteroid type F
|
[185] | ||
Bianca Uranus VIII |
27±2 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Mathilde 253 |
26.4 | 103.3±4.4 | belt asteroid type C
|
[186] · [187] | |
Hidalgo 944 |
26.225±1.8 | centaur
|
[119] | ||
Orus 21900 |
25.405±0.405 | Jupiter trojan ( type D
|
[111] | ||
Amalthea 113 |
25.069±0.633 | belt asteroid binary
|
[111] | ||
Prospero Uranus XVIII |
≈ 25 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Setebos Uranus XIX |
≈ 24 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Carme Jupiter XI |
23.35±0.45 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Klytia 73 |
22.295±0.471 | belt asteroid type S
|
[188] | ||
Sao Neptune XI |
≈ 22 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Echo 60 |
21.609±0.286 | 315±32 | belt asteroid type S | [189] · [112] | |
Metis Jupiter XVI |
21.5±2 | ≈ 119.893 | moon of Jupiter | [127] · [190] | |
Ophelia Uranus VII |
21.4±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Lysithea Jupiter X |
21.1±0.35 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Caliban Uranus XVI |
21+10 −6 |
moon of Uranus | [131] | ||
Laomedeia Neptune XII |
≈ 21 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Cordelia Uranus VI |
20.1±3 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Psamathe Neptune X |
≈ 20 | moon of Neptune | [5] |
From 1 to 19 km
This list contains some examples of Solar System objects between 1 and 19 km in radius. This is a common size for asteroids, comets and irregular moons.
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass ( 1015 kg )
|
Type – notes | Refs[note 5] r · M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urda 167 |
19.968±0.132 | belt asteroid type S | [191] | ||
Hydra Pluto III |
19.65 | 48±42 | moon of Pluto | [192] · [193] | |
Siarnaq Saturn XXIX |
19.65±2.95 | moon of Saturn | [176] | ||
Koronis 158 |
19.513±0.231 | belt asteroid type S | [194] | ||
Nix Pluto II |
19.017 | 45±40 | moon of Pluto | [192] · [193] | |
Ganymed 1036 |
18.838±0.199 | ≈ 167±318 | Amor asteroid type S | [111] · [112] | |
Okyrhoe 52872 |
18±0.6 | centaur
|
[195] | ||
Helene Saturn XII |
17.6±0.4 | moon of Saturn; Dione trojan (L4) | [57] | ||
Sinope Jupiter IX |
17.5±0.3 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Hippocamp Neptune XIV |
17.4±1 | ≈ 50 | moon of Neptune | [117] · [117] | |
Leucus 11351 |
17.078±0.323 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [111] | ||
Stephano Uranus XX |
≈ 16 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Arrokoth 486958 |
15.85±0.25 | cubewano; contact binary
|
[196] | ||
Ida 243 |
15.7 | 42±6 | belt asteroid binary
|
[197] · [198] | |
Atlas Saturn XV |
15.1±0.9 | 6.6 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57] | |
Ananke Jupiter XII |
14.55±0.3 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Albiorix Saturn XXVI |
14.3±2.7 | moon of Saturn | [176] | ||
Pan Saturn XVIII |
14.1±1.3 | 4.95 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [199] | |
Linus Kalliope I |
14±1 | ≈ 60 | asteroid moon of 22 Kalliope | [200] · [201] | |
Dioretsa 20461 |
14±3 | centaur; damocloid
|
[202] | ||
Perdita Uranus XXV |
13±1 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Telesto Saturn XIII |
12.4±0.4 | moon of Saturn; Tethys trojan (L4) | [57] | ||
Mab Uranus XXVI |
12±1 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Phobos Mars I |
11.1±0.15 | 10.659 | moon of Mars | [203] · [204] | |
Paaliaq Saturn XX |
≈ 11 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Francisco Uranus XXII |
≈ 11 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Leda Jupiter XIII |
10.75±0.85 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Calypso Saturn XIV |
10.7±0.7 | moons of Saturn; Tethys trojan (L5) | [57] | ||
Polymele 15094 |
10.548±0.068 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type P | [114] | ||
Margaret Uranus XXIII |
≈ 10 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Ferdinand Uranus XXIV |
≈ 10 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Cupid Uranus XXVII |
9±1 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Ymir Saturn XIX |
≈ 9 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Trinculo Uranus XXI |
≈ 9 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Eros 433 |
8.42±0.02 | 6.687±0.003 | Amor asteroid type S | [205] · [205] | |
Adrastea Jupiter XV |
8.2±2 | moon of Jupiter | [5] | ||
Kiviuq Saturn XXIV |
≈ 8 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Tarvos Saturn XXI |
≈ 7.5 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Kerberos Pluto IV |
≈ 6.333 | 16±9 | moon of Pluto | [206] · [207] | |
Gaspra 951 |
6.266 | 20–30 | belt asteroid type S | [208] · [209] | |
Deimos Mars II |
6.2±0.18 | 1.476 | moon of Mars | [5] · [210] | |
Skamandrios Hektor I |
6±1.5 | asteroid moon of 624 Hektor | [109] | ||
Ijiraq Saturn XXII |
≈ 6 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Halley's Comet 1P |
5.75 | 0.22 | comet | [211] · [212] | |
Styx Pluto V |
≈ 5.5 | ≈ 7.65 | moon of Pluto | [206] · [207] | |
Romulus Sylvia I |
5.4±2.8 | asteroid moon of 87 Sylvia | [213] | ||
Masursky 2685 |
5.372±0.085 | belt asteroid type S | [214] | ||
Erriapus Saturn XXVIII |
≈ 5 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Callirrhoe Jupiter XVII |
4.8±0.65 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Alexhelios Kleopatra I |
4.45±0.8 | asteroid moon of 216 Kleopatra | [215] | ||
Esclangona 1509 |
4.085±0.3 | inner belt asteroid type S; binary | [216] | ||
Themisto Jupiter XVIII |
≈ 4 | moon of Jupiter | [5] | ||
Daphnis Saturn XXXV |
3.8±0.8 | 0.077±0.015 | moon of Saturn | [57] · [57] | |
Petit-Prince Eugenia I |
3.5±1 | asteroid moon of 45 Eugenia | [217] | ||
Praxidike Jupiter XXVII |
3.5±0.35 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Bestla Saturn XXXIX |
≈ 3.5 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Remus Sylvia II |
≈ 3.5 | asteroid moon of 87 Sylvia | [213] | ||
Kalyke Jupiter XXIII |
3.45±0.65 | moon of Jupiter | [176] | ||
Cleoselene Kleopatra II |
3.45±0.8 | asteroid moon of 216 Kleopatra | [215] | ||
S/2019 (31) 1 Euphrosyne I |
3.35±1.2 | asteroid moon of 31 Euphrosyne | [218] | ||
Tempel 1 9P |
3±0.1 | Jupiter-family comet; Deep Impact flyby and impacted
|
[219] | ||
Phaethon 3200 |
2.9 | Apollo asteroid type F | [220] | ||
1999 JM8 53319 |
2.7±0.6 | Apollo asteroid type X | [221] | ||
Borrelly 19P |
2.66 | Jupiter-family comet
|
[222] | ||
Šteins 2867 |
2.58±0.084 | belt asteroid type E | [111] | ||
Atira 163693 |
2.4±0.25 | Atira asteroid type S; binary | [223] | ||
Annefrank 5535 |
2.4 | belt asteroid type S | [224] | ||
Balam 3749 |
2.332±0.107 | 0.51±0.02 | belt asteroid type S; trinary | [225] · [226] | |
Pallene Saturn XXXIII |
2.22±0.07 | moon of Saturn | [227] | ||
Florence 3122 |
2.201±0.015 | 0.079±0.002 | Amor asteroid type S; trinary | [121] · [228] | |
Wild 2 81P |
2.133 | Jupiter family comet
|
[229] | ||
Litva 2577 |
2.115 | [230] | |||
Churyumov–Gerasimenko 67P |
2 | 0.00998 | Jupiter-family comet
|
[231] · [232] | |
Donaldjohanson 52246 |
1.948±0.007 | belt asteroid type C | [233] | ||
Cuno 4183 |
1.826±0.051 | Apollo asteroid type S/type Q | [234] | ||
1986 DA 6178 |
1.575 | Amor asteroid type M | [235] | ||
Pichi üñëm Alauda I |
1.55±0.45 | asteroid moon of 702 Alauda | [236] | ||
Toutatis 4179 |
1.516 | 0.0505 | Apollo asteroid type S | [237] · [237] | |
Methone Saturn XXXII |
1.45±0.03 | moon of Saturn | [227] | ||
Carpo (moon) Jupiter XLVI |
1.44 | Moon of Jupiter
| |||
1998 QE2 285263 |
1.375 | Amor asteroid type S; binary | [238] | ||
Polydeuces Saturn XXXIV |
1.3±0.4 | moon of Saturn; Dione trojan (L5) | [57] | ||
2001 SN263 153591 |
1.315±0.2 | 0.00951±0.00013 | Amor asteroid type C; trinary | [239] · [240] | |
S/2003 (1509) 1 Esclangona I |
1.285 | asteroid moon of 1509 Esclangona | [241] | ||
APL 132524 |
≈ 1.25 | belt asteroid type S | [242] | ||
Camillo 3752 |
1.153±0.044 | Apollo asteroid type S | [121] | ||
Cruithne 3753 |
1.036±0.053 | Aten asteroid type Q; quasi-satellite of Earth | [243] |
Below 1 km
This list contains examples of objects below 1 km in radius. That means that irregular bodies can have a longer chord in some directions, hence the mean radius averages out. In the asteroid belt alone there are estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.9 million objects with a radius above 0.5 km,[244] many of which are in the range 0.5–1.0 km. Countless more have a radius below 0.5 km. Very few objects in this size range have been explored or even imaged. The exceptions are objects that have been visited by a probe, or have passed close enough to Earth to be imaged. Radius is by mean geometric radius. Number of digits not an endorsement of
Gallery
See also
- List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System
- List of dwarf planets
- List of minor planets
- List of natural satellites
- List of near-Earth asteroids by distance from Sun
- List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun
- List of space telescopes
- Lists of astronomical objects
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Radius estimated using equatorial radius and assuming body is spherical
- ^ a b Radius has been determined by various methods, such as optical (Hubble), thermal (Spitzer), or direct imaging via spacecraft
- Wolfram Alpha using semi axes of 1050 × 840 × 537 (Ellipsoid volume: 1.98395×10^9 km3)
- ^ Best fit, assuming Haumea is in hydrostatic equilibrium
- ^ a b c Radius estimated by using three radii and assuming body is spheroid
- ^ The mass estimate is based on the assumed density of 1.2 g/cm3, and a volume of 3.5 ×106 km3 obtained from a detailed shape model in Stooke (1994).[118]
- ^ designate minor planets
- ^ a b c d e f g Mean radius including uncertainties
- gaseous planets)
- ^ Figures from default source Johnston's Archive—List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects,[58] if otherwise not mentioned in the References column
- ^ a b c d e f Reference column specifically for radius (r) and mass (M) citations
References
- ^ Brown, M. "The Dwarf Planets". Caltech. Archived from the original on 2011-01-16. Retrieved 2008-09-25.
- ^ "Iapetus' peerless equatorial ridge". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
- ^ "Gǃkúnǁ'hòmdímà and Gǃò'é ǃhú" (PDF). .lowell.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2020-01-04.
- ^ Britt, D. T.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Merline, W. J. (2006). "Small Body Density and Porosity: New Data, New Insights" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ JPL(Solar System Dynamics). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ Williams, D. R. (2007-11-23). "Uranian Satellite Fact Sheet". NASA (National Space Science Data Center). Archived from the original on 2010-01-05. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
- ^ a b c Brown, Michael E. "How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- S2CID 4459985.
- ^ "Iapetus' peerless equatorial ridge".
- ^ S2CID 126574999. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2019-04-07.
- ^ "Uranus Fact Sheet".
- ^ "90377 Sedna". 12 September 2022. Retrieved 2023-08-06.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k NASA/JPL, Our Sun, by the numbers Accessed 2020 Oct 22
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af NASA/JPL Planets and Pluto: Physical Characteristics Last updated 2020-May-29
- ^ "By The Numbers | Jupiter - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Saturn - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Uranus - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By the Numbers | Neptune - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Earth - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By the Numbers | Venus - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Mars - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Ganymede - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL, NASA.
- ^ "By the Numbers | Titan - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Mercury - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Callisto - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Io - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ a b Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters
- ^ Moon Fact Sheet
- ^ "By The Numbers | Earth's Moon - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Europa - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Triton - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^
Sicardy, B.; et al. (2011). "Size, density, albedo and atmosphere limit of dwarf planet Eris from a stellar occultation" (PDF). European Planetary Science Congress Abstracts. 6: 137. Bibcode:2011epsc.conf..137S. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
- S2CID 21468196.
- ^ "The size, shape, density and ring of the dwarf planet Haumea" (PDF).
- ^ S2CID 15310444.
- ^
Dunham, E. T.; Desch, S. J.; Probst, L. (April 2019). "Haumea's Shape, Composition, and Internal Structure". The Astrophysical Journal. 877 (1): 11. S2CID 90262114.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Titania - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Rhea - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Oberon - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- S2CID 12937717.
- S2CID 119370310.
Initial publication at the American Astronomical Society DPS meeting #50, with the publication ID 311.02 - ^ "By The Numbers | Charon -NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Umbriel - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Ariel - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Dione - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- Wikidata Q116754015.
- S2CID 53724395.
- ^ "By The Numbers | Tethys - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ Roatsch Jaumann et al. 2009, p. 765, Tables 24.1–2
- ^ "Agenda - NASA Exploration Science Forum 2015". Archived from the original on 2015-07-24. Retrieved 2015-07-25.
- ^ Rayman, M. D. (28 May 2015). "Dawn Journal, May 28, 2015". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
- ^ a b "By The Numbers | Ceres - NASA Solar System Exploration". NASA.
- ^ arXiv:2307.04848 [astro-ph.EP].
- ^ S2CID 133585837. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2019-10-26.
- S2CID 240546909.
- ^ doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2018-12-23. Retrieved 2014-04-12.
- ^ a b c d e Wm. Robert Johnston (25 May 2019). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
- ^ S2CID 118513049.
- ^ S2CID 221095753.
- ^ S2CID 119522310.
- S2CID 119098862.
- .
- ^ S2CID 54222700.
- S2CID 119157466.
cited data from: Lellouch et al., 2013, of estimated diameter of 668 (+154,−86) km
- S2CID 17735600.
- ^ S2CID 119261700.
- S2CID 17839077.
- ^ "TNO Results". ERC Lucky Star Project. Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Occultation by 2005 RM43 in 23 DEC 2018" (PDF). ERC Lucky Star Project. Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA). 24 December 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- S2CID 119249473.
- S2CID 126574999. Archived from the originalon 2019-04-07. Retrieved 2019-04-28.
- S2CID 35694455.
- ^ S2CID 73720001.
- S2CID 117489359.
- S2CID 253522934.
- ^ Loader, B.; Hanna, W. (25 February 2019). "(523692) 2014 EZ51, 2019 February 25 occultation". occultations.org.nz. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
- ^ a b "List of known trans-Neptunian objects".
- ^ "Asteroid (78799) 2002 XW93". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
- ^ S2CID 119253817.
- ^ S2CID 206540168.
- S2CID 249009658.
- ^ Marsset, M., Brož, M., Vernazza, P. et al. The violent collisional history of aqueously evolved (2) Pallas. Nat Astron 4, 569–576 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-1007-5
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56
- . Retrieved 27 April 2019.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4020-9216-9.
- ^ doi:10.1086/508812.
- S2CID 218673812.
- ^ Thomas, P. C. (1988). "Radii, shapes, and topography of the satellites of Uranus from limb coordinates". Icarus. 73 (3): 427–441. .
- doi:10.1086/116211.
- S2CID 119117186.
- ^ S2CID 118600525.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8165-2755-7.
- S2CID 119099266.
- S2CID 209938346.
- . Retrieved 14 October 2019.
- S2CID 119244456.
- ^ "JPL definition of Main-belt Asteroid (MBA)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 12 March 2009.[permanent dead link]
- S2CID 54039561.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (27 May 2019). "(119979) 2002 WC19". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- S2CID 208512707.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (31 January 2015). "(450894) 2008 BT18". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- S2CID 4431420. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 22, 2014.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (20 September 2014). "(120347) Salacia and Actaea". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^ a b c Johnston, Wm. Robert (8 October 2017). "(47171) Lempo, Paha, and Hiisi". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(26308) 1998 SM165 and S/2001 (26308) 1". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ Marsset et al. (2022) The equilibrium shape of (65) Cybele: primordial or relic of a large impact?
- ^ "LCDB Data for (10199) Chariklo". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ S2CID 19868908.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (20 September 2014). "(79360) Sila-Nunam". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
- ^ S2CID 119226456.
- ^ S2CID 1532765.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tedesco; et al. (2004). "Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS)". IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
- .
- ^ S2CID 119177446.
- ^ PMID 30787452.
- ^
Stooke, Philip J. (1994). "The surfaces of Larissa and Proteus". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 65 (1): 31–54. S2CID 121825800.
- ^ .
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(121) Hermione and S/2002 (121) 1 ("LaFayette")". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ S2CID 118700974.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (20 September 2014). "(88611) Teharonhiawako and Sawiskera". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^
Porco, C.C. (1991). "An Explanation for Neptune's Ring Arcs". Science. 253 (5023): 995–1001. S2CID 742763.
- ^ S2CID 46350317.
- S2CID 59449907.
- .
- ^ .
- S2CID 924257.
- .
- ^ "In Depth | Makemake - NASA Solar System Exploration".
- ^ S2CID 118869078. 119.
- ^ arXiv:1911.08546 [astro-ph.EP].
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(762) Pulcova". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (31 January 2015). "(42355) Typhon and Echidna". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- S2CID 118430134.
- .
- S2CID 9571163.
- ^ .
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 28 Bellona" (2018-10-18 last obs). Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 78 Diana" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- S2CID 247158849.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 74 Galatea" (2018-05-22 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1867 Deiphobus (1971 EA)" (2018-06-21 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1172 Aneas (1930 UA)" (2018-07-03 last obs). Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1437 Diomedes (1937 PB)" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 81 Terpsichore" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1143 Odysseus (1930 BH)" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2241 Alcathous (1979 WM)" (2018-06-17 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 57 Mnemosyne" (2018-06-25 last obs). Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 659 Nestor (A908 FE)" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 40 Harmonia" (2018-09-15 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- S2CID 219039999. 230.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 23 Thalia" (2018-10-21 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 62 Erato" (2018-05-24 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5 Astraea" (2018-09-16 last obs). Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 91 Aegina" (2018-07-31 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 35 Leukothea" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (617)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1208 Troilus (1931 YA)" (2018-07-22 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ Chamberlin, Alan. "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine".
- ^ .
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 233 Asterope" (2018-10-24 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 53 Kalypso" (2018-10-18 last obs). Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 26 Prosperina" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2920 Automedon (1981 JR)" (2018-10-15 last obs). Retrieved 2 May 2019.
- ^ a b c Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(90) Antiope and S/2000 (90) 1". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 61 Danae" (2018-07-13 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 17 Thetis" (2018-05-13 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 55 Pandora" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 379 Huenna (A894 AA)" (2018-08-30 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- S2CID 119244052.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 50 Virginia" (2018-10-19 last obs). Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4348 Poulydamas (1988 RU)" (2018-07-13 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (20 September 2014). "(58534) Logos and Zoe". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 32 Pomona" (2018-06-12 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ S2CID 5834661. 3.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (10370)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 43 Ariadne" (2018-10-20 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 99 Dike" (2018-10-24 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 79 Eurynome" (2018-08-18 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 75 Eurydike" (2019-05-08 last obs). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1" (2018-10-16 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 64 Angelina" (2019-05-09 last obs). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 82 Alkmene" (2019-05-09 last obs). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 142 Polana" (2019-05-08 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 253 Mathilde" (2018-10-22 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- PMID 9405343.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 73 Klytia" (2019-05-11 last obs). Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 60 Echo" (2019-05-11 last obs). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ "Metis By the Numbers". NASA Solar System Exploration. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 167 Urda" (2018-05-11 last obs). Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ S2CID 1220226.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 158 Koronis" (2018-05-08 last obs). Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 52872 Okyrhoe (1998 SG35)" (2018-08-18 last obs). Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- arXiv:1901.02578 [astro-ph.EP].
- . Retrieved 2008-10-27.
- ^ Britt et al. 2002, p. 486
- ^
S2CID 2253135.
- S2CID 118437111.
- .
- .
- ^ "Phobos In Depth". NASA Solar System Exploration. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "Phobos By the Numbers". NASA Solar System Exploration. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ PMID 11000104.
- ^ a b "Special Session: Planet 9 from Outer Space - Pluto Geology and Geochemistry". YouTube. Lunar and Planetary Institute. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Robert. "(134340) Pluto, Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx". Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- .
- .
- ^ "Deimos By the Numbers". NASA Solar System Exploration. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "What Have We Learned About Halley's Comet?". Astronomical Society of the Pacific (No. 6 – Fall 1986). 1986. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- S2CID 120603847.
- ^ S2CID 118516053.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2685 Masursky (1981 JN)" (2018-05-09 last obs). Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(216) Kleopatra, Alexhelios, and Cleoselene". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1509 Esclangona (1938 YG)" (2019-05-11 last obs). Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ Wm. Robert Johnston (21 September 2014). "(45) Eugenia, Petit-Prince, and S/2004 (45) 1". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (27 May 2019). "(31) Euphrosyne". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9P/Tempel 1" (2019-01-02 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ Agle, D. C.; Brown, Dwayne; Farukhi, Suraiya (22 December 2017). "Arecibo Radar Returns with Asteroid Phaethon Images". NASA. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- .
- doi:10.1086/375752.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (19 February 2017). "(163693) Atira". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5535 Annefrank (1942 EM)" (2018-05-24 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3749 Balam (1982 BG1)" (2019-05-11 last obs). Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ Wm. Robert Johnston (2009-01-13). "(3749) Balam, S/2002 (3749) 1, and third component". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- ^ a b c Thomas, P. C.; Burns, J. A.; Tiscareno, M. S.; Hedman, M. M.; et al. (2013). "Saturn's Mysterious Arc-Embedded Moons: Recycled Fluff?" (PDF). 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. p. 1598. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (27 May 2019). "(3122) Florence". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "Comet 81P/Wild 2". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (2577)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko" (2017-04-27 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- S2CID 4470894.
- S2CID 118745497.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4183 Cuno (1959 LM)" (2018-11-06 last obs). Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- .
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(702) Alauda and Pichi unem". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ PMID 24336501.
- ^ Dr. Lance A. M. Benner (28 May 2013). "(285263) 1998 QE2 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- S2CID 119193346.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(153591) 2001 SN263, "Beta", and "Gamma"". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(1509) Esclangona and S/2003 (1509) 1". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
- ^ "New Horizons Mission to Pluto". Technology Org. 18 July 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3753 Cruithne (1986 TO)" (2019-05-12 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ Tedesco, Edward; Metcalfe, Leo (4 April 2002). "New study reveals twice as many asteroids as previously believed" (Press release). European Space Agency. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2102 Tantalus (1975 YA)" (2017-06-28 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (9969) Braille". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (308242)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1862 Apollo (1932 HA)" (2018-04-27 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 85989 (1999 JD6)" (2019-06-08 last obs). Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- S2CID 28388555.
- .
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4769 Castalia (1989 PB)" (2016-06-17 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- .
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 66391 Moshup (1999 KW4)" (2019-06-04 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (20 September 2014). "(66391) Moshup and Squannit". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- .
- ^ "Earth Impact Risk Summary: 29075". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 394130 (2006 HY51)" (2019-06-01 last obs). Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ S2CID 17318657.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (163899)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3908 Nyx (1980 PA)" (2019-04-25 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 153814 (2001 WN5)" (2019-06-02 last obs). Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "LCDB Data for 2017 YE5". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- S2CID 73519172.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (6 September 2018). "Hayabusa 2 team sets dates for asteroid landings – Spaceflight Now". spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- S2CID 119289027.
- ^ "LCDB Data for 2014 JO25". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- S2CID 161887.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 65803 Didymos (1996 GT)" (2018-04-24 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b Johnston, Wm. Robert (20 September 2014). "(65803) Didymos". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- S2CID 119162848. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- .
- ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (21 September 2014). "(136617) 1994 CC, "Beta", and "Gamma"". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 172034 (2001 WR1)" (2019-05-21 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 6489 Golevka (1991 JX)" (2015-11-03 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ISSN 0019-1035.
- S2CID 30979660.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 153201 (2000 WO107)" (2018-10-13 last obs). Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 163132 (2002 CU11)" (2018-09-09 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ S2CID 9341381.
- ^ "Radar Images of near-Earth Asteroid 2006 DP14". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- S2CID 14319204.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2010 TK7)" (2017-10-30 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ a b "2006 SU49 Impact Risk". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 28 September 2006.
- ^ M.W. Busch; et al. (31 March 2012). "Shape and Spin of Near-Earth Asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55) From Radar Images and Speckle Tracking" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
- ^ S2CID 206508294. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 99942 Apophis (2004 MN4)" (2015-01-03 last obs). Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "Earth Impact Risk Summary: 99942". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "A Small Find Near Equinox". Cassini Solstice Mission. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 7 August 2009. Archived from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (277475)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
- S2CID 119260041.
- ^ "NASA Scientists Get First Images of Earth Flyby Asteroid". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 25 January 2008. Archived from the original on 29 January 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ "LCDB Data for 2002 VE68". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- ISSN 1052-8091.
- ^ "LCDB Data for 2017 BQ6". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- S2CID 29191700.
- ^ "LCDB Data for (469219)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ Dr. Lance A. M. Benner (13 January 2013). "2012 DA14 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
- S2CID 5728247.
- ^ "The 2012 TC4 Observing Campaign – Radar observations UPDATE October 12, 2017". University of Maryland. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Reports of Meteorite Strike in Nicaragua and Update on Asteroid 2014 RC". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
- ^ "Earth Impact Risk Summary: 2010 RF12". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Archived from the original on 22 January 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- S2CID 67851874.
- ^ S2CID 7976525.
- ^ "archive.ph". archive.ph. Archived from the original on 2023-01-27. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
- ^ "Asteroid 2008 TS26". Asteroids Near Earth. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
Further reading
- NASA Planetary Data System (PDS)
- Asteroids with Satellites
- Minor Planet discovery circumstances
- Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS) and IRAS Minor Planet Survey (IMPS)
- SIMPS & IMPS (V6, additional, from here)
- Asteroid Data Archive Archive Planetary Science Institute