List of U.S. chemical weapons topics
The
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
, continues to operate for purely defensive research and education purposes.
Agencies and organizations
Army agencies and schools
The U.S. chemical weapons programs have generally been run by the
U.S. Army
:
- American Expeditionary Force Gas Service Section
- American Expeditionary Force Chemical Service Section
- U.S. Army Gas School
- U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
- U.S. Army Soldier and Biological-Chemical Command
- United States Army Chemical Corps, originally the Chemical Warfare Service
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense
- U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency
- Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
- United States Army CBRN School
Units
- Chemical mortar battalion
- 1st Gas Regiment
- 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion
Modern chemical depots
Active bases
Closed bases
- Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (closed 2000)
- Edgewood Chemical Activity at Aberdeen Proving Ground (closed 2006)
- Hawthorne Army Depot (eliminated shells 1999)
- Newport Chemical Depot (closed 2008)
- Pine Bluff Chemical Activity (closed 2014)[1]
- Umatilla Chemical Depot (closed 2014)[2]
- Anniston Chemical Activity (closed 2013)[3]
- Deseret Chemical Depot with Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (closed 2013)[4]
Older chemical weapons program locations
- Camp American University
- Camp Leach
- Dugway Proving Ground
- Rocky Mountain Arsenal
- Navajo Ordnance Depot
Treaties, laws and policy
The U.S. is party to several treaties which limit chemical weapons:
- Chemical Weapons Convention
- Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act of 1998
- Executive Order 11850
- Executive Order 13049
- Executive Order 13128
- Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)
- Treaty relating to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare - Failed because France objected to clauses relating to submarine warfare
- Geneva Protocol
- Public Law 99-145
Weapons
Canceled weapon projects
While these weapon systems were developed, they were not produced or stored in the US chemical weapons stockpile.
- BIGEYE bomb
- XM-7368-inch binary projectile
Vehicles
- LCI(M), infantry landing craft armed with 4.2 in mortar
- M1135 Nuclear, Biological, Chemical, Reconnaissance Vehicle, a variation of the Stryker vehicle
- M93 Fox
- MQM-58 Overseer
Declared stockpile and other weapons
- M1 chemical mine
- M1 chemical bomb
- M10 smoke tank
- M104 155mmshell
- M110A1/A2 155mmshell
- M114 bomblet
- M121/A1 155mmshell
- M122 155mmshell
- M125 bomblet, (developed as E54R6) chemical bomblet used with M34A1 cluster bomb
- M134 bomblet, (developed as E130R1), chemical bomblet for use with Honest John rockets
- M138 bomblet, sub-munition for the M43 cluster bomb
- M139 cluster bomblets for the MGR-1 Honest Johnrocket and other missile systems
- M2 mortar shell (M2A1) for the M2 4.2 Inch Mortar
- M23 chemical mine
- M34A1 cluster bomb(developed as E101R3), first U.S. air-delivered nerve agent weapon
- M360 105mmshell
- M426 8-inch shell
- M43 cluster bomb
- M44 generator cluster
- M47 bomb, 100 lb. World War II-era chemical bomb
- M55 rocket
- M6 canister, BZ sub-munition for the M44 generator cluster
- M60 105mmshell
- M687 155mmshell
- MC-1 bomb
- Mk 94 bomb
- Mk 95 bomb
- Weteye bomb, also known as the Mk-116 bomb
Stockpiled chemical agents
Agents stockpiled at the time of Chemical Weapons Convention:
- isopropyl aminoethylmethyl phosphonite, or QL, part of a binary weapon (VX)
- Methylphosphonyl difluoride (known to the military as DF) and a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and isopropyl amine (known as OPA), a binary chemical weapon (sarin)
- Mustard gas
- Sarin (GB)
- VX
- Rainbow Herbicides
Older chemical agents
Other equipment
Exercises, incidents, and accidents
Operations and exercises
- Operation Blue Skies
- Operation CHASE, an operation that dumped conventional and chemical munitions at sea
- Operation Davy Jones' Locker, a post-World War II operation aimed at dumping German chemical weapons at seas
- Operation Geranium, a 1948 operation that dumped lewisite into the Atlantic Ocean.
- Operation Paperclip, a program beginning in 1945 to bring German scientists to the U.S.
- Operation Ranch Hand, defoliant operations during the Vietnam War
- Operation Red Hat, an early 1970 program to repatriate weapons from Okinawa
- Operation Rock Ready, 1980's testing and rebuilding of the M17 series protective mask
- Operation Snoopy, Vietnam War people sniffer operations.
- Operation Steel Box, an operation which moved chemical weapons out of Germany in 1990.
Accidents
- Bombing of the Air Raid on Bari
- Dugway sheep incident
Chemical testing
- Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
- Operation LAC, (Large Area Coverage), 1958 test that dropped microscopic particles over much of the United States
- Operation Top Hat, a 1953 Chemical Corps exercise testing decontamination methods on human subjects
- Project SHAD
Chemical defense program
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See also
- List of U.S. biological weapons topics
- United States and weapons of mass destruction
- CIA-led program to test various chemicals
References
- ^ Mesesan, Mark. "Pine Bluff Chemical Agen Disposal Facility prepared for final closure". army.mil. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Mesesan, Mark. "Cleanup of Umatilla Chemical Depot's incineration plant is complete". oregonlive.com. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ Mesesan, Mark (8 May 2013). "One year after last chemical weapons destroyed, incinerator at Anniston Army Depot closed". Al. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Mesesan, Mark. "Deseret Chemical Depot Closes, Transitions Installation to Tooele Army Depot". www.army.mil. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2016) |