List of amphibians of Bulgaria

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Topographic map of Bulgaria

Macedonian crested newt, identified in 2007.[3] In 2017 genetic studies suggested that the smooth newt was a species complex and was split in six species, of which three are found in Bulgaria—the smooth newt sensu lato, the Greek smooth newt and the Schmidtler's smooth newt.[4] Some of the most common species include the European green toad, yellow-bellied toad, and marsh frog
.

The foundations of Bulgarian herpetology (the study of amphibians and reptiles) were laid in the end of the 19th century by the teacher Vasil Kovachev, who published a number of articles on the subject and the 1912 book Herpetologic Fauna of Bulgaria.[5] In the 1930s and 1940s zoologist Ivan Buresh and his associate Yordan Tsonkov conducted in-depth research on the diversity and distribution of the amphibian and reptile species in the country. In the second half of the 20th century the leading Bulgarian herpetologist was Dr. Vladimir Beshkov.[5]

Bulgaria provides various habitats for amphibians. The country falls within six terrestrial

Dobrudzha in the north-eastern part of the Danubian Plain (450 mm), while the highest rainfall has been measured in the upper valley of the river Ogosta in the western Balkan Mountains (2293 mm).[8]

List of species

Order Caudata

Family Salamandridae

Salamandridae, or true salamanders, are a family of terrestrial and aquatic salamanders, mostly distributed in Asia and Europe, although some species are found in North Africa and North America. Most species have slightly toxic skin secretions and many develop dorsal body and tail fins when they return to an aquatic stage. There are 109 species in 21 genera; of these, nine species in four genera are found in Bulgaria.[9]

Salamandridae
Species Common name Distribution Status[a] Image
Lissotriton graecus Greek smooth newt Sandanski–Petrich Valley and Belastisa mountain, south-westernmost Bulgaria[4]
 NE 
Lissotriton schmidtleri Schmidtler's smooth newt Found in south-eastern Bulgaria, up to 1500 m altitude[4]
 NE 
Lissotriton vulgaris smooth newt Found in the whole country, up to 1500 m altitude;[10] a 2017 study determined that the smooth newt was a species complex and was split in six species; the smooth newt sensu lato inhabits the north and west of the country[4]
 LC [11]
Mesotriton alpestris Alpine newt Most common in the Rila and western Rhodope Mountains; isolated populations in the western Balkan Mountains, central Sredna Gora and Osogovo[1]
 LC [12]
Salamandra salamandra fire salamander Moist wooded areas in the mountains, mostly absent from the Danubian Plain and the Upper Thracian Plain[13]
 LC [14]
Triturus cristatus northern crested newt First discovered in Bulgaria in 2005; found in the western Balkan Mountains near Vratsa which is its southernmost locality worldwide[2][15][16]
 LC [17]
Triturus dobrogicus Danube crested newt Occurs in the Danube river and the lower course of its tributaries[18]
 NT [19]
Triturus ivanbureschi
Balkan-Anatolian crested newt
 Common in the country up to 1500 m altitude; absent from the Danube river and the lower course of its tributaries[20]
 NE 
Triturus macedonicus
Macedonian crested newt
 Slavyanka mountain in south-western Bulgaria[3]
 NE 

Order Anura

Family Bombinatoridae

Bombina, both of which have flattened bodies, of which two species from genus Bombina occur in Bulgaria.[21]

Bombinatoridae
Species Common name Distribution Status Image
Bombina bombina European fire-bellied toad Found in the lowlands of the country, up to 250 m altitude: the Danube and Upper Thracian Plains and the Black Sea Coast[22]
 LC [23]
Bombina variegata yellow-bellied toad Common species in the lower mountains, up to 2000 m altitude (in Pirin and the Balkan Mountains)[24]
 LC [25]

Family Bufonidae

Bufonidae are a family of toads native to every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Bufonidae include the typical toads with shortened forelimbs, hindlimbs used for walking or hopping, dry warty skin, and parotoid glands behind eyes. The family contains 590 species in 50 genera, of which 2 species from genus Bufo are found in Bulgaria.[26]

Bufonidae
Species Common name Distribution Status Image
Bufo bufo common toad Found all over the country, up to 1300 m altitude, with the exception of Pirin, where it has been recorded at 1960 m[27]
 LC [28]
Bufo viridis European green toad Found all over the country, up to 1200 m altitude; recorded in Rila at an altitude of 2000 m[29]
 LC [30]

Family Hylidae

Hylidae or tree frogs are the most diverse amphibian family with 951 species in 51 genera, and worldwide distribution. Most species inhabit tropical areas with warm and humid climate, especially the Neotropics. Hylids range from small to large in size and usually have distinct adhesive toe discs that contain a cartilage offsetting the terminal phalanx, which aids in climbing. The only genus found in Europe is Hyla, with 6 species out of 37 worldwide, and one in Bulgaria.[31]

Hylidae
Species Common name Distribution Status Image
Hyla arborea European tree frog Found all over the country, up to 1300 m altitude; recorded in Rila at an altitude of 2300 m[32]
 LC [33]

Family Pelobatidae

Western Asia and North-western Africa. They have short legs, stocky bodies with vertical pupils and produce an odour similar to garlic, hence their name in Bulgarian is чесновица (chesnovica), 'garlic toad'. Two of the four species inhabit the country.[34]

Pelobatidae
Species Common name Distribution Status Image
Pelobates fuscus common spadefoot Found in the areas along the Danube river, the northernmost Black Sea coast, as well as in isolated populations in Sofia Valley[35]
 LC [36]
Pelobates syriacus eastern spadefoot toad Found in the areas along the Danube river, the whole Black Sea coast, the Upper Thracian Plain and the southern Struma valley[35]
 LC [37]

Family Ranidae

Ranidae are a widespread family also known as true frogs. They have generalized frog body plans and a generalized aquatic tadpole stage. The family includes 379 species in 14 genera, of which six species in two genera occur in Bulgaria.[34]

Ranidae
Species Common name Distribution Status Image
Pelophylax kl. esculentus edible frog Found along the Danube river and the lower course of its tributaries, as well as along the Black Sea coast[38]
 LC [39]
Pelophylax lessonae pool frog Westernmost areas along the Bulgarian Danube bank[40]
 LC [41]
Pelophylax ridibundus marsh frog Found all over the country, up to 1300 m altitude; recorded in
Belasitsa at an altitude of 2000 m[42]
 LC [43]
Rana dalmatina agile frog Found all over the country, up to 1200 m altitude, with singular records up to 2000 m[44]
 LC [45]
Rana graeca Greek stream frog Occurs in south-western Bulgaria[46]
 LC [47]
Rana temporaria common frog Found mostly in the mountains, between 1000 and 2000 m altitude: Balkan Mountains, Rila, Pirin, Vitosha, Osogovo, Rhodope Mountains[48]
 LC [49]

See also

Footnotes

Notes

^ a: Conservation status at a world level (not exclusive to Bulgaria) of the species according to the IUCN Red List: Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

 EX  - Extinct,  EW  - Extinct in the wild
Critically endangered,  EN  - Endangered,  VU  - Vulnerable
 NT  - Near threatened,  LC  - Least concern
 DD  - Data deficient,  NE  - Not evaluated

Citations

  1. ^ a b Biserkov 2007, p. 34
  2. ^ a b Biserkov 2007, p. 37
  3. ^ a b Naumov, Borislav; Tzankov, Nikolay (2008). "First record of Triturus macedonicus (Karaman, 1922) (Amphibia: Salamandridae) in Bulgaria" (PDF). Historia Naturalis Bulgarica. 19: 111–114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  4. ^
    doi:10.1163/15685381-17000128. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 28 April 2019.
  5. ^ a b Biserkov 2007, p. 28
  6. ^ "Ecoregions of Bulgaria". The Encyclopedia of Earth. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  7. ^ Дончев (Donchev) & Каракашев (Karakashev) 2004, p. 68
  8. ^ Дончев (Donchev) & Каракашев (Karakashev) 2004, pp. 57–58
  9. ^ "Salamandridae". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  10. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 33
  11. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T59481A11932252.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  12. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T59472A11946568.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  13. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 32
  14. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T59467A11928351.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  15. ISSN 0036-3375
    .
  16. ^ "Triturus cristatus". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  17. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T22212A9365894.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  18. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 38
  19. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T22216A9366668.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  20. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 36
  21. ^ "Bombinatoridae". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on 8 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  22. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 45
  23. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T2865A9489517.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  24. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 46
  25. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T54451A11148290.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  26. ^ "Bufonidae". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  27. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 51
  28. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T54596A11159939.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  29. ^ Biserkov 2007, pp. 52–53
  30. ^ Arntzen, J.W.; et al. (2009). "Bufo viridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  31. ^ "Hylidae". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  32. ^ Biserkov 2007, pp. 54
  33. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T10351A3197528.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  34. ^ a b "Pelobatidae". AmphibiaWeb. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  35. ^ a b Biserkov 2007, p. 48
  36. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T16498A5951455.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  37. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T58053A11723660.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
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  38. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 60
  39. ^ Arntzen, J.W.; et al. (2009). "Pelophylax kl. esculentus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  40. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 62
  41. ^ Arntzen, J.W.; et al. (2009). "Pelophylax lessonae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  42. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 59
  43. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T58705A11825745.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  44. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 56
  45. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T58584A11790570.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  46. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 57
  47. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T58605A89705363.en
    . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  48. ^ Biserkov 2007, p. 58
  49. ^ Arntzen, J.W.; et al. (2009). "Rana temporaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2015.

References

Sources

External links

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