List of animal names
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
In the English language, many animals have different names depending on whether they are male, female, young, domesticated, or in groups.
The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is
Generic terms
The terms in this table apply to many or all taxons in a particular biological family, class, or clade.
Scientific term | Trivial name | Young | Female | Male | Collective noun | Collateral adjective |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aves |
bird | chick | hen | cock | flock | avian |
Bovinae | cattle; ox,[5] cow | calf | cow (bred), heifer (not bred) | bull (intact), bullock[6] or steer (castrated) | herd | bovine |
Canidae | dog | puppy, pup,[7] cub, whelp | bitch | dog | pack | canine |
Cetacea | whale, dolphin, porpoise | calf | cow | bull | pod | cetacean |
Equidae | horse | colt (male), filly (female), foal | jenny (asses), mare (other equids) | jack (asses), stallion (other equids), gelding (castrated horse) | herd | equine |
Felidae | cat | kitten (non-big cats, such as Felis, Lynx, Puma,[8] etc.), cub (big cats, Panthera, and also Puma) | queen | tom, king | clowder (small cats), pride (big cats) | feline |
Suidae | pig | piglet | sow | boar | drift or drove | porcine |
Procyonidae | Raccoon family of Carnivorans | cub, kit | sow | boar | gaze, smack, committee | procyonine, nasuine, others |
Viverridae | Civet family of Carnivorans | cub, kit | sow | boar | gaze, smack, committee | viverrine |
Mustelidae | Ferret family of Carnivorans (large: badgers & wolverines; small: weasels & ferrets) | kit | sow (large) or jill (small) | boar (large) or hob,[9] jack (small) | colony (large) or business (small) | musteline |
Leporidae | rabbits & hares | nestling | jill | jack | nest or band | leporine |
Osteichthyes | bony fish |
hatchling, fry, fingerling | — | — | school, shoal | piscine, ichthyic |
Terms by species or taxon
Animal | Young | Female | Male | Collective noun | Collateral adjective | Culinary noun for meat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | ||||||
Aardvark | cub | sow | boar | — | orycteropodian | |
Albatross | chick | — | — | flock[10] gam (when searching for mates)[11] rookery[12] |
diomedeid | |
Alligator | hatchling | cow | bull | congregation[13] | eusuchian | |
Alpaca[14] | cria | hembra | macho | herd | camelid | |
Ant | larva pupa |
queen (fertile) soldier worker |
drone | army swarm[15] |
formic myrmicine |
|
Anteater | pup | sow | boar | — | vermilinguan | |
Antelope | calf[17] | doe | buck | cluster[15][18] herd[15][18] tribe[15][18] |
alcelaphine antilopine bubaline |
|
Ape | baby child infant |
— | — | band family group shrewdness[2][13][18][19] troop, group[13][15][18] |
simian | |
Armadillo | baby pup |
sow | boar | protection[2] | cingulatan | |
Ass/donkey | foal | jenny |
jack | coffle[15][18] drove[13][15][18] herd[15] pace[15][16][18] |
asinine | |
B | ||||||
Baboon | infant | babuina[20] | — | flange[21][a] troop, group[2][13][21] |
— | |
Badger | cub kit |
sow | boar | cete[2][13][16][21] colony[21] |
musteline | |
Barracuda | hatchling, fry, fingerling | — | — | school[22] | percesocine | |
Bat | pup | — | — | camp[23] cloud[21][24] colony[16][21] flock[25] |
noctillionine pteropine |
|
Bear (list) | cub[26] | she-bear sow |
boar | sleuth[13][16][21] sloth[13][16][21] |
ursine | |
Beaver | kit kitten pup |
— | buck | colony[13][21] family[13] |
castoridine | |
Bee | larva pupa |
queen worker[b] |
drone | cast (a second swarm) | apian apiarian apic |
|
Beetle | larva grub (wormlike forms)[3][4] mealworm (darkling beetles)[3][4] pupa |
— | — | swarm[3] | coleopterous | |
Binturong | binlet | — | — | — | potosine | |
Bird (list) Also see Aves |
chick | hen | cock | flight[2] flock[2] pod[2] |
avian | |
Boar/wild pig Also see Pig |
farrow piglet shoat/shote (just weaned) |
sow | boar hog |
herd[21][27] singular[13][27] sounder (groups of 12 or more)[13][27] |
— | |
Bobcat | bobkitten | — | — | — | feline | |
Budgerigar | chick | — | — | flock | psittacine | |
Buffalo | calf | — | — | — | bubaline | |
Bull See Cattle |
||||||
Butterfly | caterpillar chrysalis larva pupa |
— | — | flight[21] flutter[13][28] kaleidoscope[29] rabble[21] swarm[30] |
rhopaloceran |
|
C | ||||||
Camel | calf | cow | bull | caravan | camelid cameline |
|
Capybara | pup | — | — | — | — | |
Cat (list) | kit kitten |
molly pussy queen |
gib (castrated male)[31] king tom |
clowder[2][13] cluster[13] clutter[32] glaring[2][13] kindle (kittens)[33] litter (kittens) pillow (kittens) pounce[13] nuisance[34] |
feline | |
Cattle[c] (list) | calf[35] | cow[36] heifer freemartin |
bull bullock ox steer |
drove[13] gang[13][16][21] herd[13][16][21] obstinancy[13][16][21] team (oxen) troop[13] yoke (oxen) |
bovine[d] taurine (male) vaccine (female) vituline (young) |
beef veal |
Chamois | calf | doe | bull | herd | rupicaprine | |
Cheetah | cub | she-cheetah | cheetah | coalition (male)[37] | feline | |
Chicken (list) | chick | hen pullet |
rooster |
brood flock peep (chicks)[13] |
galline | poultry |
Chimpanzee | infant | empress | emperor blackback |
troop, group tribe |
panine | |
Chinchilla | kit | sow velvet |
boar bull |
colony | chinchilline | |
Chough | chick | — | — | chattering[2][19][38] clattering[2][19][39] |
corvine | |
Coati | kit pup |
sow | boar | troop | nasuine | |
Cobra | — | — | — | quiver[40] | elapid | |
Cockroach | nymph | — | — | intrusion[40] | blattid | |
Cod | codling | — | — | school | gadine gadoid |
|
Cormorant | chick shaglet |
— | — | flight gulp[13][16][40] |
— | |
Cow See Cattle |
||||||
Crab | zoea | hen jenny |
cock jimmy |
— | cancrine | |
Crane | chick colt[41] |
— | — | herd[42][43][44] sedge[16] sege[45] siege[46] |
alectorine | |
Cricket | nymph | — | — | — | — | |
Crocodile | hatchling | cow | bull | bask[13] congregation float[13] menace |
crocodilian | |
Crow | — | — | — | murder[2][13] | corvine | |
Curlew | — | — | — | herd[2][19] | — | |
D | ||||||
Deer | calf[17] fawn |
doe hind cow |
buck bull[17] hart (red deer) stag |
bunch[47] herd[47] mob[47] rangale[47] |
cervine elaphine |
humble (organ meat) venison |
Dinosaur (list) | calf (Ornithischia and Sauropodomorpha) chick (Theropoda) hatchling juvenile |
cow (Ornithischia and Sauropodomorpha) hen (Theropoda) |
bull (Ornithischia and Sauropodomorpha) cock (Theropoda) |
herd (herbivores) pack (carnivores) |
dinosaurian | |
Dog (list) | pup[7] puppy whelp[48] |
bitch | dog sire stud |
comedy (boxers)[49][50] cowardice (curs)[16][51] cry (hounds)[52] kennel[47] litter (young)[53] mute[16] pack (wild)[16][47] |
canine | |
Dogfish Also see Shark |
— | — | — | troop[47] | selachian squaloid |
capeshark (US) flake (UK, Australia) huss (UK) kahada (Canada)[54] rigg (UK) rock salmon (UK) spiny dogfish |
Dolphin | calf | cow | bull | herd pod[55][56] school[47] team[47] |
delphine | |
Donkey (list) See Ass |
||||||
Dove |
chick | hen | cock | arc[13] cote dole[2][47] dule[13][47] flight[2][13][47] piteousness[2][47] pitying[13] |
columbine | |
Dragonfly | nymph | queen | drake king |
cluster flight |
anisopteran | |
Duck (list) Also see Mallard |
duckling | duck hen |
cock drake |
badling (on land) | anatine fuliguline |
poultry |
Dugong | calf | cow | bull | herd | dugongine | |
Dunlin | chick | — | — | fling[2] | — | |
E | ||||||
Eagle | eaglet fledgling |
— | — | convocation[13][16] | aquiline | |
Echidna | puggle (in common use, but not scientifically endorsed) | — | — | — | tachyglossine | |
Eel | leptocephalus (larva) elver (juvenile) |
— | — | bed swarm[13] |
anguilline | |
Elephant | calf[35] | cow[36] | bull[57] | herd memory[13] parade[23] |
elephantine proboscidean proboscine |
|
Elephant seal | pup | cow | bull | — | miroungan | |
Elk/wapiti | calf[17] | cow[17] | bull[17] | gang[13] herd[13] |
cervine | venison |
Emu | chick hatchling |
— | — | mob[13] | — | |
F | ||||||
Falcon | eyass/eyas | falcon | tercel terzel tiercel |
cast[23] | acciptrine | |
Ferret | kit | jill | hob | business[13][16] busyness[19] |
musteline | |
Finch | chick | hen | cock | charm[16] | fringilline | |
list ) |
fingerling fry |
— | — | school[3] | piscine | |
Flamingo | chick | — | — | flamboyance[58] stand[23] |
phoenicopterine | |
Fly | maggot | — | — | business[13] cloud[13] swarm[13] |
dipterous | |
Fox | cub[26] kit pup[7] |
vixen |
dog reynard tod |
leash[13][16] skulk[13][16] earth[16] |
vulpine | |
Frog | froglet polliwog tadpole |
— | — | army[16] | ranine | |
G | ||||||
Gazelle | calf[17] | cow[17] | bull[17] | herd | gazelline | |
Gecko | hatchling | dam (herpetoculture) | sire (herpetoculture) | — | — | |
Gerbil |
pup | doe | buck | horde | gerbilline | |
Giant panda | cub | sow | boar | embarrassment [59] sleuth[60] |
ailuropodine | |
Giraffe | calf | cow | bull | corps[61] herd tower[61][62] |
giraffine | |
Gnat | larva | — | — | cloud[13][16][61] horde[13][16][61] rabble[61] swarm[13][61] |
— | |
Gnu | calf | cow | bull | herd implausibility[63] |
— | |
Goat (list) | kid | doe doeling nanny |
billy buck buckling wether (castrated) |
herd flock[61] tribe[61] trip[61] trippe[61] |
caprine | cabrito chevon mutton |
Goldfinch | — | — | — | charm[61] | cardueline | |
Goosander | — | — | — | dopping[61] | — | |
Goose | gosling | goose | gander | chevron (in flight)[citation needed] flock (on land) gaggle (on land)[16][61] plump (on land)[61] skein (in flight)[2][16][61] team (in flight)[2][61] wedge (in flight)[2][61] |
anatine anserine |
poultry |
Gorilla | infant | — | silverback |
band[13][16][61] troop, group[13] whoop[61] |
simian | |
Goshawk | — | — | — | flight[19][61] | — | |
Grasshopper | nymph | — | — | cloud[61] swarm[61] |
caeliferian | |
Grouse | — | — | — | covey[61] pack[61] |
tetraonine | |
Guanaco | chulengo[64] | — | — | herd | camelid | |
Guinea fowl |
keet | hen | cock | flock[65] rasp[66] |
numidine | poultry |
Guinea pig | pup | sow | boar | herd | — | cuy |
Gull | chick | hen | cock | colony flock |
larine | |
H | ||||||
Hamster | pup | doe | buck | horde | cricetid | |
Hare | leveret | doe jill |
buck jack |
band down[67] drove[67] flick[67] husk[67] |
leporine | |
Hawk | eyas | hen | tiercel | aerie[68][e] boil (soaring in large groups)[16][68] cast[68][f] cauldron (soaring in large groups)[68] flight[68][g] flock[68] kettle (soaring in large groups)[13][68] leash[68][h] staff[68][i] |
accipitrine | |
Hedgehog | hoglet piglet pup |
sow | boar | array[67] | erinaceine | |
Hermit crab | zoea | — | — | — | paguroid | |
Heron | chick | hen | cock | flight[67] sedge[13][16][67] sege[45][67] siege[13][16][46][67] |
ardeidine | |
Herring | — | — | — | army[16][67] glean[67] shoal[67] |
clupeidean | |
Hippopotamus | calf | cow | bull | bloat[13][16][67] herd[67] sea[13][16][67] thunder[40] |
hippopotamine | |
Hornet | larva pupa |
queen | drone | bike swarm |
vespine | |
Horse (list) | colt (male) filly (female) foal weanling yearling |
dam mare |
gelding (castrated male) ridgling stallion (not castrated) stud |
band (wild horses)[13] field (racehorses) harras[16] herd (wild horses)[13] rag (colts)[16] stable[13] string (ponies)[16] stud[16] team (work horses)[13][16] |
caballine equine |
horseflesh horsemeat |
Human | baby boy (male) child girl (female) infant |
lady (colloquial) woman |
gentleman (colloquial) man |
band clan crowd family group horde tribe |
human simian |
|
Hummingbird | chick | hen | cock | — | trochilidine trochiline |
|
Hyena | cub | — | — | cackle[13][16] clan |
hyenine | |
I | ||||||
Ibex | kid | nanny | billy | herd[69] | caprine | |
Ibis | chick | — | — | colony | ciconiiforme | |
Iguana | hatchling | cow | bull | — | — | |
Impala | calf | ewe | ram | herd | — | |
J | ||||||
Jaguar | cub | — | — | leap[70] parade[23] prowl[70] |
— | |
Jay | chick | hen | cock | band[13] party[16] scold[16] |
corvine | |
Jellyfish | ephyra[71] planula polyp |
— | — | bloom brood[13] fluther[2] smack[2][16] smuth[12] |
scyphozoan | |
Junglefowl (see chicken) |
||||||
K | ||||||
Kangaroo | joey | doe flyer jill roo |
boomer buck jack |
court herd mob[72] troop[16] |
macropodine | |
Kingbird | chick | — | — | court tyranny coronation |
— | |
Kinkajou | kit pup |
sow | boar | convergence troop |
potosine | |
Kite | chick | — | — | — | accipitrine | |
Koala | joey | doe | buck | — | phascolarctine | |
Komodo dragon | calf chick hatchling |
cow hen |
bull cock |
— | varanine | |
L | ||||||
Ladybug |
larva | — | — | loveliness | coleopterous | |
Lapwing | chick | — | — | deceit[16][19] desert[2] |
vanelline | |
Lark | chick | hen | cock | exaltation[2][19] | alaudine | |
Lemur | infant | — | — | conspiracy[73] | lemurine | |
Leopard | cub | leopardess | leopard | leap[2][13][16] lepe[2] |
pardine | |
Lion | cub[26] | lioness | lion | pride[74][75][43] sawt[43][76] |
leonine | |
Lizard | hatchling | — | — | — | — | |
Llama | cria | dam hembra |
macho stud |
flock herd |
camelid | |
Lobster | — | hen[3] | cock[3] | risk | homarine | |
Locust (list) | nymph | — | — | cloud host swarm |
caelifera | |
Loris | infant | — | — | colony[77] | lorisine[78] | |
Louse | nymph | — | — | colony | pediculine | |
Lyrebird | chick | hen | cock | musket[79] | menurine | |
M | ||||||
Mallard Also see Duck |
duckling | hen | greenhead[80] | sord[2] suit[2] |
anatine | poultry |
Mammoth (see elephant) |
calf | cow | bull | herd pack |
mammutine | |
Manatee | calf | cow | bull | herd | manatine sirenian |
|
Mandrill | infant | — | — | horde | simian | |
Manta ray | fry | — | — | — | feline[citation needed] | |
Mantis | nymph | — | — | swarm | caelifera | |
Meerkat | meerkitten | — | — | — | herpestine | |
Mink | cub kit |
sow | boar | — | musteline | |
Mole | pup | sow | boar | labor[23] | talpine | |
Mongoose | pup | — | — | committee delegation troop |
herpestine | |
Monkey | infant | — | — | group, troop[2] | simian | |
Moose | calf[17] | cow[17] | bull[17][57] | herd | cervine | venison |
Mosquito | nymph tumbler wriggled |
— | — | cloud scourge swarm |
aedine anopheline |
|
Moth | caterpillar chrysalis larva pupa |
— | — | eclipse[23] swarm[23] |
rhopaloceran | |
Mouse | crawler (as pet feed)[citation needed] fuzzy (as pet feed)[citation needed] hopper (as pet feed)[citation needed] pinky (as pet feed)[citation needed] pup |
doe | buck | colony nest |
murine | |
N | ||||||
Narwhal | calf[81] | cow[81] | bull[81] | pod[81] herd[81] school[81] gam[81] grind[81] |
cetacean[82] cetaceous[82] |
|
Newt | eft[83] | — | — | — | pleurodeline | |
Nightingale |
chick | hen | cock | watch[42][43][44] | philomelian | |
O | ||||||
Octopus | fry [citation needed] | hen[84] | — | consortium[85] | octopodine | |
Okapi | calf | cow | bull | herd | okapine | |
Opossum | joey | jill | jack | passel[86] | didelphine | |
Ostrich | chick hatchling |
hen | cock | flock troop |
ratite struthious |
|
Otter | pup whelp |
sow | boar | family[23] romp |
lutrine musteline |
|
Ox See Cattle |
||||||
Owl | fledgling owlet |
— | — | parliament[13] | strigine | |
Oyster | spat | — | — | bed[13] | ostracine | |
P | ||||||
Panther | cub | pantheress | panther | — | pantherine | |
Parrot | chick | hen | cock | flock | psittacine | |
Panda See Giant panda |
||||||
Partridge | chick | chantelle hen |
cock | covey roost |
perdicine | |
Peafowl | chick peachick |
peahen | peacock | ostentation | pavonine | poultry |
Peccary | — | — | — | squadron[87] | — | |
Pelican | chick nestling |
— | — | pod[13] scoop |
pelecanine | |
Penguin | chick nestling |
— | — | colony[88] huddle[88] raft (in water)[88] rookery[88] tuxedo[12] waddle (on land)[88][89] |
spheniscine | |
Pheasant | chick | hen | cock | bouquet[13][16] flock nest[16] nide[16] nye[13][16] |
phasianine | |
Pig (list )Also see Boar |
farrow piglet shoat/shote (just weaned) |
gilt (not bred)[90] sow (bred) |
barrow (castrated)[91][92] boar hog |
drift[13][16][93] drove[13][16] litter (piglets) sounder (older pigs)[23] team (older pigs)[23] |
porcine suilline |
bacon ham pork |
Pigeon (list ) |
squab squeaker |
hen | cock | flight[94] flock kit[94] |
pullastrine | squab
|
Platypus | — | — | — | paddle[95] | — | |
Polar bear | cub | sow | boar | aurora[96] celebration[96] pack[96] |
ursine | |
Pony See Horse |
||||||
Porcupine | pup | sow | boar | prickle[94] | hystricine | |
Porpoise | calf | cow | bull | pod school shoal |
phocoenine | |
Prairie dog | pup | sow | boar | town | cynomurine | |
Pug | pup | bitch | dog sire stud |
grumble[97] | — | |
Q | ||||||
Quail | chick | hen | cock | bevy[74][75][42][43][44] | galliformine | |
R | ||||||
Rabbit (list) | bunny kit kitten nestling |
doe jill |
buck jack yoyo |
litter (young) nest[75] warren wrack (young) |
leporine | |
Raccoon | cub kit |
sow | boar | brace committee gaze[74] nursery smack troop |
procyonine | |
Ram Also see Sheep |
lamb | ewe | ram | flock | arietine ovine |
lamb mutton |
list ) |
kitten[citation needed] pup |
doe | buck | colony horde mischief[98][99] |
murine | |
Raven | chick | hen | cock | conspiracy unkindness[42][43][100] |
corvid corvine |
|
Red deer | calf | hind | hart stag |
herd | — | venison |
Red panda | cub | sow | boar | pack | ailurid | |
Rhinoceros | calf | cow | bull | crash[101] herd |
ceratorhine | |
Rook | — | — | — | building[2] parliament[2][102] |
— | |
S | ||||||
Salamander | larva | — | — | maelstrom | caudatan salamandrine |
|
Salmon | parr[103] | hen jen |
cock jack |
— | salmonine | |
Sand dollar | juvenile (young urchin) larva pluteus (free-swimming stage) |
— | — | — | clypeasteroid | |
Sandpiper | — | — | — | fling[104] | scolopacine | |
Sardine | — | — | — | family [104] | — | |
Sea lion | pup | cow | bull | — | otarine | |
Seahorse | seafoal | seamare | seastallion | shoal | hippocampal | |
Seal | pup[7] | cow | bull | herd[104] pod[104] rookery[104] |
phoca | |
Sea otter | pup | — | — | raft | lutrine | |
Shark | cub[26] pup[105] |
— | bull | shiver [59] | selachian squaloid |
flake (AUS) |
Sheep (list) Also see Ram |
cosset lamb lambkin |
dam ewe |
buck ram wether (castrated) |
flock[74][75] fold[106] herd |
ovine | hogget lamb mutton |
Shrew | shrewlet | sow | boar | colony drove |
soricine | |
Skink | skinklet | — | — | — | scincine | |
Skipper | caterpillar | — | — | — | hesperiine | |
Skunk | kit | sow | boar[3] | surfeit | mephitine | |
Sloth | baby kitten pup |
sow | boar | — | xenarthran (broader group) | |
Snail | — | — | — | escargatoire[104][107] rout[104][108] walk[104] |
gastropodian | escargot
|
list ) |
hatchling (newly hatched) neonate (newborn) snakelet |
— | — | ball nest[75] slither |
anguine elapine ophidian serpentine viperine |
|
list ) |
spiderling | — | — | cluster[104] clutter[104] |
arachnine arachnoid |
|
Spoonbill | chick | — | — | bowl | ciconiiforme | |
Squid | paralarva | — | — | shoal | teuthidane | |
Squirrel | kit kitten pup |
doe | buck | scurry[40] | sciurine | |
Starfish | bipinnaria brachiolaria |
— | — | — | asteroid/galaxy[109] | |
Starling | — | — | — | chattering[13][38] murmuration[2][13][16][19] |
sturnine | |
Stilt | chick | — | — | — | recurvirostrid | |
Stingray | pup | — | — | fever[110] | squaloid | |
Swan | cygnet flapper |
pen | cob | bevy[23] flock game[23] lamentation wedge (in flight)[23] |
cygnine | |
T | ||||||
Tapir | calf | cow | bull | herd | tapirine | |
Tarsier | — | — | — | — | tarsiine | |
Termite | larva | — | — | colony nest swarm |
isopteran | |
Thrush | chick | — | — | — | turdine | |
Tiger | cub[26] whelp |
tigress | tiger | ambush[13] streak[40] |
tigrine | |
Toad | tadpole toadlet |
— | — | knot[13][16] | batrachian ranine |
|
Toucan | chick | — | — | durante | ramphasto | |
Turkey (list ) |
poult | hen | gobbler jake (immature) stag tom |
rafter[111][112] | — | poultry |
Turtle | hatchling turtlet |
— | — | bale[113] | chelonian | |
V | ||||||
Viper |
hatchling | — | — | — | viperine | |
W | ||||||
Wallaby | joey | jill | jack | mob | — | |
Walrus | calf | cow | bull | herd[75] pod[75] |
odobenine | |
Wasp | larva | queen worker |
drone | colony hive nest swarm |
vespine | |
Weasel | kit pup |
bitch doe jill |
buck dog hub jack |
gang[18] sneak[18] |
musteline | |
Whale | calf[35] | cow[36] | bull | gam[23] pod[74][75] school |
cetacean cetaceous |
blubber |
Wildebeest | calf[35] | cow[36] | bull | confusion | — | |
Wolf | cub pup[7] puppy whelp |
bitch she-wolf |
dog | pack[74][75] | canine lupine |
|
Wolverine | kit whelp |
angeline | wolverine | pack | musteline | |
Wombat | joey | jill | jack | wisdom[114] | — | |
Z | ||||||
Zebra | colt (male) filly (female) foal |
mare | stallion | cohort[115] dazzle[116] herd[13][115] zeal[13][115] |
hippotigrine zebrine |
Usage of collective nouns
Writing for
See also
- Animal epithet
- Lists of animals
- List of animal sounds
- wikt:Appendix:Animals, a similar list on English Wiktionary
Notes
- ^ The term flange was originally used to denote a group of baboons in a Not the Nine O'Clock News comedy sketch entitled "Gerald the Intelligent Gorilla" where it was used for comic effect. It has since been used in the scientific literature for a collection of baboons.
- ^ A worker bee is a sexually undeveloped female.
- heifer. See Cattlefor more names. Cows is often used informally to refer to cattle in general.
- ^ Bovine refers to all species of genus Bos.
- ^ The term aerie is a classic 15th-century term of venery that refers to only two "hawks of the tower" but, in modern usage, does not necessarily have the same numerical constraint.[68] Aerie also refers to hawks and other birds of prey nesting high on a mountain top.[68] Confusingly, hawks of the tower are technically falcons and not hawks.
- ^ The term cast is a classic 15th-century term of venery that refers to only two "hawks of the tower" but, in modern usage, does not necessarily have the same numerical constraint.[68] Confusingly, hawks of the tower are technically falcons and not hawks.
- ^ The term flight is a classic 15th-century term of venery that refers to only "hawks of the wrist" to include goshawks and sparrowhawks.[68] Hawks of the wrist are true hawks in the genus Accipiter.
- ^ The term leash is a classic 15th-century term of venery that refers to only three "hawks of the tower" but, in modern usage, does not necessarily have the same numerical constraint.[68] Confusingly, hawks of the tower are technically falcons and not hawks.
- ^ The term staff is a classic 15th-century term of venery that refers to only three "hawks of the tower" but, in modern usage, does not necessarily have the same numerical constraint.[68] Confusingly, hawks of the tower are technically falcons and not hawks.
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Further reading
- Gray, Peter (1970). The encyclopedia of the biological sciences. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. ISBN 978-0-442-15629-9.
- ISBN 978-0-14-017096-2.