List of battlecruisers of Japan
The
The first phase of the Eight-Eight plan began in 1910, when the
Of the eight battlecruiser hulls laid down by Japan (the four Kongō and four Amagi class), none survived the Second World War. Amagi was being converted to an aircraft carrier when its hull was catastrophically damaged by the
Key
Main guns | The number and type of the main battery guns |
Armour | Thickness of the armoured belt
|
Displacement | Ship displacement at full combat load |
Propulsion | Number of shafts, type of propulsion system, and top speed generated |
Service | The dates work began and finished on the ship and its ultimate fate |
Laid down | The date the keel began to be assembled |
Commissioned | The date the ship was commissioned |
Fate | The eventual fate of the ship (e.g., sunk, scrapped) |
Kongō class
The four
In the aftermath of the Washington Naval Treaty, all four ships underwent extensive modernisation in the 1920s and 1930s, which reconfigured them as
Ship | Main guns | Armour | Displacement | Propulsion | Service | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laid down | Commissioned | Fate | |||||
Kongō | 8 × 14 in (356 mm)[5] | 8 in (203 mm)[15] | 27,500 long tons (27,941 t)[5] | 4 screws, steam turbines, 27.5 kn (50.9 km/h; 31.6 mph) (later 30.5 kn (56.5 km/h; 35.1 mph))[16] | 17 January 1911 | 16 August 1913 | Torpedoed in the Formosa Strait, 21 November 1944[9]
|
Hiei | 4 November 1911 | 4 August 1914 | Scuttled following Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 13 November 1942[17] | ||||
Kirishima | 17 March 1912 | 19 April 1915 | Sank following Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 15 November 1942[18] | ||||
Haruna | 16 March 1912 | 19 April 1915 | Sunk by air attack, Kure Naval Base, 28 July 1945[18]
|
Amagi class
As part of the Eight-Eight fleet, four
The terms of the February 1922 Washington Naval Treaty forced the class' cancellation, but the two closest to completion (Amagi and Akagi) were saved from the scrappers by a provision that allowed two capital ships to be converted to aircraft carriers. However, the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake caused significant stress damage to the hull of Amagi. The structure was too heavily damaged to be usable, and conversion work was abandoned.[20][N 1] Amagi was struck from the navy list and sold for scrapping, which began on 14 April 1924. The other two ships, Atago and Takao, were officially cancelled two years later (31 July 1924) and were broken up for scrap in their slipways. Akagi went on as an aircraft carrier to fight in the Second World War, where it was sunk after air attack during the Battle of Midway.[6]
Ship | Main guns | Armour | Displacement | Propulsion | Service | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laid down | Commissioned | Fate | |||||
Amagi | 10 × 16 in (406 mm)[6] | 10 in (254 mm)[6] | 46,000 long tons (46,738 t)[6] | 4 screws, steam turbines, 30 kn (56 km/h; 35 mph)[6] | 16 December 1920 | November 1923 (projected) | Reordered as aircraft carrier; damaged in earthquake; cancelled and scrapped[6] |
Akagi | 6 December 1920 | December 1923 | Reordered and completed as aircraft carrier[6] | ||||
Atago | 22 November 1921 | December 1924 | Cancelled and scrapped[6] | ||||
Takao | 19 December 1921 | December 1924 | Cancelled and scrapped[6] |
Design B-64/B-65 class
Design B-64 was originally intended to be part of Japan's Night Battle Force, a force that would attack an enemy fleet's outer defence ring of cruisers and destroyers under the cover of darkness. After penetrating the ring, Japanese cruisers and destroyers would launch torpedo attacks on the enemy's battleships. The remainder of the enemy would be finished off by the main fleet on the following day. The B-64s were intended to support the lighter cruisers and destroyers in these nighttime strikes.[21] This strategy was altered when the Japanese learned the specifications of the United States' Alaska-class large cruisers. The design was enlarged and redesignated B-65; their purpose would now be to screen the main battle fleet against the threat posed by the fast and heavily armed Alaskas.[22][23] With war looming in 1940, the Japanese focused on more useful and versatile ship types such as aircraft carriers and cruisers; the Japanese defeat at the 1942 Battle of Midway meant that the ships were postponed indefinitely, and with more important strategic considerations to worry about, the ships were never built.[24][25]
Ship | Main guns | Armour | Displacement | Propulsion | Service | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laid down | Commissioned | Fate | |||||
Yard number 795 (not named)[N 2]
|
9 × 12.2 in (310 mm)[26] | 7.5 in (191 mm)[26] | 34,000 long tons (34,546 t)[26] | Four sets of geared steam turbines, 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph)[26] | NA | 1945 (projected) | Not ordered due to war |
Yard number 796 (not named) | 1946 (projected) |
See also
- List of battleships of Japan
- List of cruisers of Japan
- List of destroyers of Japan
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ Stille, p. 4
- ^ Stille, p. 7
- ^ Staff, p. 3
- ^ Evans & Peattie, p. 150
- ^ a b c d Jackson, p. 48
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Gardiner and Gray, p. 235
- ^ Evans and Peattie, p. 360
- ^ Jackson, p. 121
- ^ a b c Wheeler, p. 183
- ^ a b Jackson, p. 129
- ^ Gardiner and Gray, p. 234
- ^ Stille, p. 16
- ^ Stille, pp. 16–17
- ^ Stille, p. 19
- ^ McCurtie, p. 185
- ^ Stille, p. 15
- ^ Schom, p. 417
- ^ a b Stille, p. 20
- ^ Gardiner and Gray, p. 224
- ^ a b Stille, p. 8
- ^ Evans and Peattie, pp. 273–276
- ^ Lacroix and Wells II, p. 606
- ^ Evans and Peattie, pp. 359–360
- ^ Lacroix and Wells II, p. 829
- ^ Garzke and Dulin, pp. 84–85
- ^ a b c d e Garzke and Dulin, p. 86
Bibliography
- Evans, David C. & ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-907-3.
- Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). Battleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-101-3.
- Jackson, Robert (2000). The World's Great Battleships. Brown Books. ISBN 1-897884-60-5
- Lacroix, Eric; Wells, Linton (1997). Japanese Cruisers of the Pacific War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3.
- McCurtie, Francis (1989) [1945]. Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. London: Bracken Books. ISBN 1-85170-194-X
- Schom, Alan (2004). The Eagle and the Rising Sun; The Japanese-American War, 1941–1943. Norton & Company. ISBN 0393049248
- Stille, Mark (2008). Imperial Japanese Navy Battleship 1941–1945. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-280-6
- Wheeler, Keith (1980). War Under the Pacific. New York: Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-8094-3376-1.