List of birds

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

See also: List of birds by common name, Lists of birds by region, and List of bird genera
Penguins
Ostriches

This article lists living orders and families of birds. The links below should then lead to family accounts and hence to individual species.

The passerines (perching birds) alone account for well over 5,000 species. In total there are about 10,000 species of birds described worldwide, though one estimate of the real number places it at almost twice that.[1]

Taxonomy is very fluid in the age of

Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
for a very different classification.

Phylogeny

Cladogram of modern bird relationships based on Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[2] with some clade names after Yuri, T. et al. (2013).[3]

Aves
Palaeognathae
Struthionimorphae

Struthioniformes (ostriches)[4]

Notopalaeognathae
Rheimorphae

Rheiformes (rheas)

Novaeratitae

cassowaries & emus
)

Apterygiformes (kiwi
)

†

Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds
)

Tinamimorphae

†

Dinornithiformes (moas
)

†

Lithornithiformes
(false tinamous)

Tinamiformes (tinamous
)

Neognathae
Galloanserae
Gallomorphae

Galliformes (landfowl)

Odontoanserae

†

Odontopterygiformes

Anserimorphae

†

Vegaviiformes[5]

†Gastornithiformes

Anseriformes (waterfowl)

Neoaves
Columbea
Mirandornithes

Phoenicopteriformes (flamingoes)

Podicipediformes
(grebes)

Columbimorphae

Mesitornithiformes
(mesites)

Pterocliformes
(sandgrouse)

Columbiformes
(pigeons)

Passerea
Otidae
Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes
(cuckoos)

Otidiformes
(bustards)

Musophagiformes
(turacos)

Cypselomorphae

Caprimulgiformes
(nightjars)

Nyctibiiformes (oilbirds & potoos
)

Podargiformes (frogmouths
)

Gruae

Opisthocomiformes
(hoatzin)

Cursorimorphae

Gruiformes (rails and cranes)

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Phaethoquornithes
Phaethontimorphae

Eurypygiformes (sunbittern, kagu)

Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)

Aequornithes

Gaviiformes (loons)

Austrodyptornithes

Procellariiformes (albatross and petrels)

Sphenisciformes
(penguins)

Ciconiiformes
(storks)

Telluraves
Afroaves
Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (condors and New World vultures)

Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, vultures, etc.)

Strigiformes
(owls)

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes
(mousebirds)

Leptosomiformes
(cuckoo roller)

Trogoniformes
(trogons)

Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes)

Coraciiformes (kingfishers etc.)

Piciformes (woodpeckers etc.)

Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriemas)

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falcons)

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes
(parrots)

Passeriformes
(songbirds and kin)

Subclass Palaeognathae

The Palaeognathae or "old jaws" is one of the two superorders recognized within the taxonomic class Aves and consist of the ratites and tinamous. The ratites are mostly large and long-legged, flightless birds, lacking a keeled sternum. Traditionally, all the ratites were place in the order Struthioniformes. However, recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic, as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous, so the ostriches are classified as the only members of the order Struthioniformes and other ratites placed in other orders.[6][7]

Order Struthioniformes

Greater rhea pair
Eudromia elegans
Casuarius casuarius

Africa; 2 species

Infraclass Notopalaeognathae

Order Rheiformes

South America; 2 species

  • Family †Opisthodactylidae
  • Family Rheidae: rheas

Order Casuariiformes

Australasia; 4 species

Order
Apterygiformes

Australasia; 5 species

  • Family
    Apterygidae
    : kiwis

Order †
Aepyornithiformes

Madagascar

  • Family
    Aepyornithidae
    : elephant birds

Order †
Dinornithiformes

New Zealand

  • Family Megalapteryidae: upland moas
  • Family
    Dinornithidae
    : great moas
  • Family
    Emeidae
    : lesser moas

Order
Tinamiformes

South America; 45 species

  • Family
    Tinamidae
    : tinamous

Subclass Neognathae

Nearly all living birds belong to the subclass Neognathae or "new jaws". With their keeled sternum (breastbone), unlike the ratites, they are known as carinatae.

Infraclass
Galloanserae

Order Galliformes

Australian brush turkey

Worldwide; 250 species

Order †Gastornithiformes

Order Anseriformes

Worldwide; 150 species

Superorder Mirandornithes

Order
Podicipediformes

Worldwide; 19 species

  • Family
    Podicipedidae
    : grebes

Order Phoenicopteriformes

Worldwide; 6 species

  • Family †Palaelodidae: swimming flamingos
  • Family
    Phoenicopteridae
    : flamingos

Superorder Columbimorphae

Order
Columbiformes

Worldwide; 300 species

Order
Pterocliformes

Africa, Europe, Asia; 16 species

  • Family
    Pteroclidae
    : sandgrouse

Order
Mesitornithiformes

Madagascar; 3 species

  • Family
    Mesitornithidae
    : mesites

Grandorder
Cypselomorphae

Order
Caprimulgiformes

Worldwide; 97 species

  • Caprimulgidae
    : nightjars

Order
Steatornithiformes

South America; 1 species

  • Family
    Steatornithidae
    : oilbird

Order Nyctibiiformes

Americas; 7 species

  • Family
    Nyctibiidae
    : potoos

Order Podargiformes

Tawny frogmouth

Asia and Australasia; 14 species

  • Family
    Podargidae
    : frogmouths

Order Aegotheliformes

Australasia; 10 species

  • Family
    Aegothelidae
    : owlet-nightjars

Order Apodiformes

Worldwide; 478 species

  • Family
    Hemiprocnidae
    : treeswifts
  • Family
    Apodidae
    : swifts
  • Family
    Trochilidae
    : hummingbirds

Grandorder Otidimorphae

Order
Cuculiformes

Worldwide; 150 species

  • Family
    Cuculidae
    : cuckoos and relatives

Order
Musophagiformes

Africa; 23 species

  • Family
    Musophagidae
    : turacos and relatives

Order
Otidiformes

Africa and Eurasia; 27 species

  • Family
    Otididae
    : bustards

Superorder Gruae

Order
Opisthocomiformes

South America; 1 species

Order Gruiformes

Worldwide; 164 species

  • Suborder
    Grui
    : cranes and allies
    • Family
      Gruidae
      : cranes
    • Family Aramidae: limpkin
    • Family
      Psophiidae
      : trumpeters
  • Suborder
    Ralli
    : rails and allies
    • Family †
      Aptornithidae
      : adzebills
    • Family Heliornithidae: finfoots
    • Family Sarothruridae: flufftails
    • Family
      Rallidae
      : rails and relatives

Order Charadriiformes

Worldwide; 350 species

Grandorder
Phaethontimorphae

Order Eurypygiformes

Neotropics and New Caledonia; 2 species

  • Family
    Rhynochetidae
    : kagu
  • Eurypygidae
    : sunbittern

Order Phaethontiformes

Oceanic; 3 species

  • Family
    Phaethontidae
    : tropicbirds

Grandorder Aequornithes

Order Gaviiformes

North America, Eurasia; 5 species

  • Family
    Gaviidae
    : loons

Order
Sphenisciformes

Antarctic and southern waters; 17 species

  • Family
    Spheniscidae
    : penguins

Order Procellariiformes

Pan-oceanic; 120 species

  • Family
    Diomedeidae
    : albatrosses
  • Family
    Oceanitidae
    : austral storm petrels
  • Family
    Hydrobatidae
    : northern storm petrels
  • Family Procellariidae: petrels and relatives

Order
Ciconiiformes

Worldwide; 19 species

White stork
  • Family
    Ciconiidae
    : storks

Order Suliformes

Worldwide; 59 species

  • Suborder Fregatae
    • Family
      Fregatidae
      : frigatebirds
  • Suborder Sulae
    • Family Sulidae: boobies and gannets
    • Family
      Anhingidae
      : darters
    • Family
      Phalacrocoracidae
      : cormorants and shags

Order Pelecaniformes

Hamerkop

Worldwide; 108 species

Grandorder Afroaves

Order Accipitriformes

Osprey

Worldwide; 260 species

  • Suborder Cathartae
    • Family
      Cathartidae
      : New World vultures
  • Suborder Accipitres
    • Family Sagittariidae: secretarybird
    • Family
      Pandionidae
      : osprey
    • Family Accipitridae: hawks, eagles, buzzards, harriers, kites and Old World vultures

Order
Strigiformes

Worldwide; 250 species

  • Family
    Tytonidae
    : barn owls
  • Family
    Strigidae
    : true owls

Order
Coliiformes

Blue-naped mousebird

Sub-Saharan Africa; 6 species

  • Family
    Coliidae
    : mousebirds

Order
Leptosomiformes

Madagascar; 1 species

  • Family
    Leptosomidae
    : cuckoo-roller

Order
Trogoniformes

Sub-Saharan Africa, Americas, Asia; 35 species

Order Bucerotiformes

Old World, New Guinea; 64 species

  • Superfamily Buceroidea
    • Family
      Bucerotidae
      : hornbills
  • Superfamily Upupoidea
    • Family
      Upupidae
      : hoopoe
    • Family
      Phoeniculidae
      : woodhoopoes

Order Coraciiformes

Worldwide; 144 species

  • Suborder Meropi
    • Family
      Meropidae
      : bee-eaters
  • Suborder Coracii
    • Family Coraciidae: rollers
    • Family
      Brachypteraciidae
      : ground rollers
  • Suborder Alcedines
    • Family
      Todidae
      : todies
    • Family
      Momotidae
      : motmots
    • Family
      Alcedinidae
      : kingfishers
Kingfisher

Order Piciformes

Worldwide except Australasia; 400 species

  • Suborder Galbuli
    • Family
      Galbulidae
      : jacamars
    • Family
      Bucconidae
      : puffbirds
  • Suborder Pici
    • Family Lybiidae: African barbets
    • Family Megalaimidae: Asian barbets
    • Family
      Ramphastidae
      : toucans
    • Family
      Semnornithidae
      : toucan barbets
    • Family
      Capitonidae
      : American barbets
    • Family
      Picidae
      : woodpeckers
    • Family
      Indicatoridae
      : honeyguides

Grandorder Australaves

Order Cariamiformes

South America; 2 species

  • Family
    Cariamidae
    : seriemas

Order Falconiformes

Worldwide; 60 species

Order
Psittaciformes

Pan-tropical, southern temperate zones; 330 species

  • Superfamily Strigopoidea
    • Family
      Strigopidae
      : kakapo
    • Family
      Nestoridae
      : kea and kakas
  • Superfamily Cacatuoidea
    • Family
      Cacatuidae
      : cockatoos and cockatiel
  • Superfamily Psittacoidea

Order
Passeriformes

Rock wren
Eurylaimus javanicus
Pitta cyanea
Pachyramphus castaneus
Lyrebird

Worldwide; 6,500 species

  • Suborder
    Acanthisitti
    • Family
      Acanthisittidae
      : New Zealand wrens
  • Suborder Tyranni: suboscines
    • Infraorder Eurylaimides: Old World suboscines
      • Family
        Sapayoidae
        : sapayoa
      • Family Calyptomenidae: Calyptomenid broadbills
      • Family
        Pittidae
        : pittas
      • Family Eurylaimidae: broadbills
      • Family
        Philepittidae
        : asities
    • Infraorder Tyrannides: New World suboscines
      • Parvorder
        Tyrannida
        : bronchophones
        • Family
          Pipridae
          : manakins
        • Family
          Cotingidae
          : cotingas
        • Family
          Oxyruncidae
          : sharpbills
        • Family
          Onychorhynchidae
          : royal flycatchers and allies
        • Family Tityridae: becards and tityras
        • Family
          Pipritidae
          : pipriteses
        • Family
          Platyrinchidae
          : spadebills
        • Family
          Tachurididae
          : many-colored rush tyrants
        • Family
          Rhynchocyclidae
          : mionectine flycatchers
        • Family
          Tyrannidae
          : tyrant flycatchers
      • Parvorder
        Furnariida
        : tracheophones
        • Family
          Melanopareiidae
          : crescent-chests
        • Family
          Conopophagidae
          : gnateaters
        • Family
          Thamnophilidae
          : antbirds
        • Family Grallariidae: antpittas
        • Family Rhinocryptidae tapaculos
        • Family Formicariidae: ground antbirds
        • Family
          Furnariidae
          : ovenbirds
  • Suborder
    Passeri
    : oscines
    • Infraorder Menurides
      • Family
        Atrichornithidae
        : scrub-birds
      • Family
        Menuridae
        : lyrebirds
    • Infraorder Climacterides
      • Family
        Ptilonorhynchidae
        : bowerbirds
      • Family
        Climacteridae
        : Australasian treecreepers
    • Infraorder Meliphagides
      • Family
        Maluridae
        : Australasian wrens
      • Family
        Dasyornithidae
        : bristlebirds
      • Family
        Pardalotidae
        : pardalotes
      • Family Acanthizidae: gerygones, thornbills and allies
      • Family
        Meliphagidae
        : honeyeaters and relatives
    • Infraorder Orthonychides
      • Family
        Pomatostomidae
        : Australasian babblers
      • Family Orthonychidae: logrunners
    • Infraorder Corvides
      • Superfamily Cinclosomatoidea
      • Superfamily Campephagoidea
        • Family
          Campephagidae
          : cuckoo-shrikes
      • Superfamily Mohouoidea
        • Family
          Mohouidae
          : whitehead and allies
      • Superfamily Neosittoidea
        • Family
          Neosittidae
          : sittellas
      • Superfamily Orioloidea
        • Family
          Eulacestomidae
          : wattled ploughbills
        • Family Psophodidae: whipbirds and quail-thrushes
        • Family Oreoicidae: Australo-Papuan bellbirds
        • Family
          Falcunculidae
          : crested shriketits
        • Family
          Paramythiidae
          : painted berrypeckers
        • Family Pteruthiidae: shrike-babblers
        • Family
          Vireonidae
          : vireos and relatives
        • Family
          whistlers
          and relatives (Colluricinclidae)
        • Family
          Oriolidae
          : Old World orioles
      • Superfamily Malaconotoidea
        • Family
          Machaerirhynchidae
          : boatbills
        • Family Artamidae: woodswallows and butcherbirds
        • Family
          Rhagologidae
          : mottled berryhunter
        • Family
          Aegithinidae
          : ioras
        • Family
          Pityriaseidae
          : bristlehead
        • Family
          Malaconotidae
          : bushshrikes and relatives
        • Family
          Platysteiridae: wattle-eyes and batises
        • Family
          Prionopidae
          )
      • Superfamily Corvoidea
        • Family Rhipiduridae: fantails
        • Family
          Lamproliidae
          : silktail, drongo fantail
        • Family
          Dicruridae
          : drongos
        • Family
          Ifritidae
          : blue-capped ifrits
        • Family
          Melampittidae
          : melampittas
        • Family
          Corcoracidae
          : Australian mudnesters
        • Family
          Paradisaeidae
          : birds-of-paradise
        • Family
          Monarchidae
          : monarch flycatchers
        • Family
          Laniidae
          : shrikes
        • Family Corvidae: jays and crows
    • Infraorder
      Passerides
      • Parvorder Melanocharitida
      • Parvorder Cnemophilida
        • Family
          Cnemophilidae
          : satinbirds
      • Parvorder Petroicida
        • Family
          Petroicidae
          : Australasian robins
        • Family
          Notiomystidae
          : stitchbird
        • Family Callaeidae: wattlebirds
      • Parvorder Eupetida
        • Family
          Picathartidae
          : rockfowl
        • Familt
          Chaetopidae
          : rock-jumpers
        • Family
          Eupetidae
          : rail-babbler
      • Parvorder Sylviida
        • Superfamily Paroidea
          • Family Stenostiridae: fairy warblers
          • Family Hyliotidae: hyliotas
          • Family
            Remizidae
            : penduline tits
          • Family
            Paridae
            : chickadees and true tits
        • Superfamily Alaudoidea
          • Family
            Nicatoridae
            : nicators
          • Family
            Panuridae
            : bearded reedling
          • Family
            Alaudidae
            : larks
        • Family Macrosphenidae: African warblers
        • Superfamily Locustelloidea
        • Family
          Hirundinidae
          : swallows and martins
        • Family
          Pycnonotidae
          : bulbuls
        • Superfamily Aegithaloidea
          • Family
            Phylloscopidae
            : leaf warblers
          • Family
            Scotocercidae
            )
          • Family Hyliidae: hylias
          • Family Aegithalidae: bushtits
        • Superfamily Sylvioidea
          • Family Sylviidae: true warblers
          • Family
            Paradoxornithidae
            : parrotbills, fulvettas
          • Family
            Zosteropidae
            : white-eyes
          • Family
            Timaliidae
            : babblers and relatives
          • Family Pellorneidae: fulvettas, ground babblers
          • Family
            Leiothrichidae
            : laughing thrushes
      • Parvorder Muscicapida
        • Superorder Reguloidea
          • Family
            Regulidae
            : kinglets
        • Superfamily Bombycilloidea
          • Family
            Elachuridae
            : spotted wren-babblers
          • Family †Mohoidae: Hawaiian honeyeaters
          • Family
            Ptiliogonatidae
            : silky-flycatchers
          • Family
            Bombycillidae
            : waxwings
          • Family
            Dulidae
            : palmchat
          • Family
            Hypocoliidae
            : hypocolius
        • Superfamily Certhioidea
          • Family
            Tichodromidae
            : wallcreeper
          • Family
            Sittidae
            : nuthatches
          • Family
            Certhiidae
            : treecreepers
          • Family
            Troglodytidae
            : wrens
          • Family
            Polioptilidae
            : gnatcatchers
        • Superfamily Muscicapoidea
      • Parvorder Passerida

See also

References

  1. PMID 27880775
    .
  2. PMID 25504713
    .
  3. PMID 24832669
    .
  4. ^ Boyd, John (2007). "NEORNITHES: 46 Orders" (PDF). John Boyd's website. Retrieved 30 December 2017.[unreliable source?]
  5. PMID 29134094
    .
  6. S2CID 6472805
    .
  7. PMID 24832669
    .
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