List of birds of American Samoa

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of the bird species recorded in American Samoa. The avifauna of

Ta'u Island.[3]

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.[4]

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories of occurrence.

  • (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in American Samoa
  • (I) Introduced - a species introduced to American Samoa as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
  • (Ex) Extirpated - a species that no longer occurs in American Samoa although populations exist elsewhere

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Pacific black duck or tolo'a, resident in small numbers

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of

jungle fowls
. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

Pigeons and doves

Many-colored fruit-dove or manuma, rare and threatened by hunting

Order:

Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

cere
.

  • Rock pigeon
    , Columba livia (A)
  • Shy ground dove
    , Alopecoenas stairi
  • Many-colored fruit-dove
    , Ptilinopus perousii
  • Crimson-crowned fruit-dove
    , Ptilinopus porphyraceus
  • Pacific imperial-pigeon
    , Ducula pacifica

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes

brood parasites
.

  • Long-tailed koel
    , Urodynamis taitensis

Swifts

Order:

Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Australasian swamphen or manuali'i, widespread in thick cover

Order:

Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the

gallinules
. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Plovers and lapwings

Pacific golden-plover or tulī, a migrant seen on coasts and grassy areas

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the

dotterels, and lapwings
. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Sandpipers and allies

Bristle-thighed curlew or tuli'olovalu, a migrant in small numbers from Alaska

Order:

Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Sooty tern or gogo'uli, 67,500 nests were counted on Rose Atoll in 1998

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the

skimmers
. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Tropicbirds

White-tailed tropicbird or tava'e, a common seabird

Order:

Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Southern storm-petrels

Order:

Oceanitidae

The

southern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat
-like.

  • White-faced storm-petrel
    , Pelagodroma marina (A)
  • Black-bellied storm-petrel
    , Fregetta tropica (A)
  • Polynesian storm-petrel
    , Nesofregetta fuliginosa

Shearwaters and petrels

Tahiti petrel or tai'o, breeds in the mountains

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Frigatebirds

Lesser frigatebird or atafa, breeds on Rose Atoll

Order:

Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Boobies and gannets

Red-footed booby (left) and brown booby (right), common offshore

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Pacific reef-heron or matu'u, common resident

Order:

Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

Barn-owls

Barn owl or lulu, a widespread nocturnal bird

Order:

Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Kingfishers

Pacific kingfisher or ti'otala is common in a variety of habitats

Order:

Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

Old World parrots

Manu'a
islands

Order:

Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Honeyeaters

Eastern wattled-honeyeater or iao, a common resident

Order:

Meliphagidae

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of small to medium-sized birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and closely resemble other nectar-feeding passerines.

  • Samoan myzomela
    , Myzomela nigriventris
  • Mao, Gymnomyza samoensis (Ex)
  • Eastern wattled-honeyeater
    , Foulehaio carunculatus

Monarch flycatchers

Order:

Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.

Bulbuls

Red-vented bulbul or manu pālagi, introduced to Tutuila in the 1950s

Order:

Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colorful with yellow, red, or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

Starlings

Polynesian starling or miti vao, a native bird of forests

Order:

Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

Thrushes

Island thrush

Order:

Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

References

  1. ^ Lepage, Denis (October 10, 2019). "Checklist of birds of American Samoa". Avibase bird checklists of the world. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  2. ^ Watling, Dick (2001) A Guide to the Birds of Fiji & Western Polynesia, Environmental Consultants (Fiji), Suva.
  3. ^ O'Connor, P. J. & Rauzon M. J. (2004) Inventory and monitoring of seabirds in National Park of American Samoa. Archived 2008-06-12 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 25 September 2008.
  4. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved October 25, 2022.

See also

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