List of carnivorans
The feliforms are further subdivided into seven
Conventions
Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the
Classification
The order Carnivora consists of 292 extant species belonging to 131 genera as well the extinct genus
Suborder Caniformia
- Family Ailuridae
- Subfamily Ailurinae (red pandas): 1 genus, 2 species
- Family Canidae
- Subfamily Caninae (wolves and foxes): 14 genera (one extinct), 39 species (two extinct)
- Family Mephitidae (skunks and stink badgers): 4 genera, 12 species
- Family Mustelidae
- Subfamily Guloninae (martens and wolverines): 4 genera, 9 species
- Subfamily Helictidinae(ferret-badgers): 1 genus, 5 species
- Subfamily Ictonychinae (African polecats and grisons): 5 genera, 7 species
- Subfamily Lutrinae(otters): 7 genera, 14 species (one extinct)
- Subfamily Melinae(Eurasian badgers): 2 genera, 6 species
- Subfamily Mellivorinae(honey badger): 1 genus, 1 species
- Subfamily Mustelinae (weasels and minks): 2 genera, 20 species (one extinct)
- Subfamily Taxidiinae(American badger): 1 genus, 1 species
- Clade Pinnipedia
- Family Odobenidae (walrus): 1 genus, 1 species
- Family Otariidae(eared seals): 7 genera, 16 species (one extinct)
- Family Phocidae(true seals): 14 genera, 19 species (one extinct)
- Family Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis, olingos, kinkajous): 6 genera, 14 species
- Family Ursidae
- Subfamily Ailuropodinae (panda bear): 1 genus, 1 species
- Subfamily Tremarctinae (short-faced bear): 1 genus, 1 species
- Subfamily Ursinae (bears): 3 genera, 6 species
Suborder Feliformia
- Family Eupleridae
- Subfamily Euplerinae (civet-like euplerids): 3 genera, 4 species
- Subfamily Galidiinae (mongoose-like euplerids): 4 genera, 6 species
- Family Felidae
- Subfamily Felinae (small and medium-sized cats): 12 genera, 34 species
- Subfamily Pantherinae (large cats): 2 genera, 7 species
- Family Herpestidae
- Subfamily Herpestinae(European/Asian mongooses): 9 genera, 23 species
- Subfamily Mungotinae(African mongooses): 6 genera, 11 species
- Subfamily
- Family Hyaenidae(hyaenas): 3 genera, 4 species
- Family Nandiniidae(African palm civet): 1 genus, 1 species
- Family Prionodontidae(Asiatic linsangs): 1 genus, 2 species
- Family Viverridae
- Subfamily Genettinae (genets): 2 genera, 16 species
- Subfamily Hemigalinae (Southeast Asian civets): 4 genera, 4 species
- Subfamily Paradoxurinae (Asian civets): 5 genera, 7 species
- Subfamily Viverrinae (civets): 3 genera, 6 species
|
Carnivorans
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by
Suborder Caniformia
Ailuridae
The Ailuridae family is composed of two species, commonly called red pandas.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Ailurus (Red panda) |
F. Cuvier, 1825
Two species
|
Eastern Himalayas and southwestern China (both species' range shown) |
Size range: 50–64 cm (20–25 in) long, plus 28–59 cm (11–23 in) tail[5] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[6] Diets: Bamboo, as well as fruit, vegetation, lichen, bird eggs, and insects[6] |
Canidae
Members of the Canidae family are canids and include domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals, and dingoes, among others. Canidae comprises 37 extant species, divided into 14 genera and placed inside a single extant subfamily, Caninae. Caninae is split into two tribes: Canini, comprising the wolf-like canids, and Vulpini, the fox-like canids.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Atelocynus
|
Cabrera, 1940
One species
|
Western Amazon rainforest in South America |
Size: 72–100 cm (28–39 in) long, plus 24–35 cm (9–14 in) tail[7] Habitats: Wetlands, forest, and savanna[8] Diet: Fish, insects, and small mammals, as well as fruit, birds, and crabs[8][9] |
Canis | Linnaeus, 1758
Six species
|
North America, Eurasia, and Africa; worldwide distribution (domestic dog) |
Size range: 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (golden jackal) to 160 cm (63 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (wolf)[10] Habitats: Forest, desert, shrubland, grassland, savanna, inland wetlands, and rocky areas[11] Diets: A wide variety of foods, including small to large mammals, birds, fish, fruit, carrion, and insects[11] |
Cerdocyon
|
C. E. H. Smith, 1839
One species
|
Eastern and northern South America |
Size: 64 cm (25 in) long, plus 28 cm (11 in) tail[12] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[13] Diet: Crabs and insects, as well as rodents, birds, turtles, eggs, fruit, and carrion[12][13] |
Chrysocyon
|
C. E. H. Smith, 1839
One species
|
Central South America |
Size: 100–130 cm (39–51 in) long, plus 45 cm (18 in) tail[14][15] Habitats: Forest, wetlands, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[16] Diet: Fruit, arthropods, and small and medium vertebrates[16] |
Cuon
|
Hodgson, 1838
One species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 90 cm (35 in) long, plus 40–45 cm (16–18 in) tail[17] Habitats: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[18] Diet: Ungulates, as well as small rodents and hares[18] |
Dusicyon† | C. E. H. Smith, 1839
Two species
|
Southern South America, Falkland Islands | Size range: Unknown Habitats: Grassland and shrubland[19] Diets: Unknown |
Lupulella | Hilzheimer, 1906
Two species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | Size range: 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 16 cm (6 in) tail (black-backed jackal) to 81 cm (32 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (side-striped jackal)[20] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, savanna, grassland, inland wetlands, desert, and intertidal marine[21] Diets: Small to medium-sized mammals, birds, and fruit, as well as insects, grass, and carrion[21] |
Lycalopex (South American fox) |
Burmeister, 1854
Six species
|
South America | Size range: 44 cm (17 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail (Darwin's fox) to 132 cm (52 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (culpeo)[22] Habitats: Forest, rocky areas, grassland, shrubland, savanna, and desert[23] Diets: Small mammals, birds, insects, and fruit, as well as livestock and carrion[23] |
Lycaon | Brookes, 1827
One species
|
Scattered areas of Africa. Extant regions in red; probably extant region in yellow. |
Size: 76–112 cm (30–44 in) long, plus 30–42 cm (12–17 in) tail[24] Habitats: Forest, grassland, shrubland, savanna, and desert[25] Diet: Medium-sized antelope[25] |
Nyctereutes | Temminck, 1839
Two species
|
Eastern Asia, introduced to Central and Eastern Europe |
Size range: 49–71 cm (19–28 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[24] Habitats: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[26] Diets: Insects, rodents, amphibians, birds, fish, and reptiles, as well as fruit, nuts, and berries[26] |
Otocyon
|
Müller, 1835
One species
|
Southern and Eastern Africa |
Size: 46–61 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 23–34 cm (9–13 in) tail[24] Habitats: Grassland, shrubland, and savanna[27] Diet: Harvester termites as well as other arthropods[27] |
Speothos | Lund, 1839
One species
|
Northern South America |
Size: 57–75 cm (22–30 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[28] Habitats: Shrubland, forest, grassland, and savanna[29] Diet: Small and medium mammals, as well as birds, reptiles, and fruit[29] |
Urocyon | Baird, 1857
Two species
|
North America and Central America |
Size range: 46 cm (18 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail (island fox) to 66 cm (26 in) long, plus 44 cm (17 in) tail (gray fox)[24] Habitats: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and intertidal marine[30] Diets: Small mammals, fruit, insects, birds, eggs, crabs, and lizards[30] |
Vulpes (true fox) |
Frisch, 1775
Twelve species
|
North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia | Size range: 33 cm (13 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail (fennec fox) to 75 cm (30 in) long, plus 43 cm (17 in) tail (arctic fox)[31] Habitats: Shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, forest, desert, rocky areas, savanna, desert, and coastal marine[32] Diets: Small mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects, as well as fish, fruit, berries, and succulents[32] |
Mephitidae
Members of the Mephitidae family are mephetids and include the skunks and stink badgers. Mephitidae comprises twelve extant species, divided into four genera, and is not split into subfamilies.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Conepatus (hog-nosed skunk) |
Gray, 1837
Four species
|
Southern North America and South America |
Size range: 20 cm (8 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail (Molina's hog-nosed skunk) to 51 cm (20 in) long, plus 41 cm (16 in) tail (American hog-nosed skunk)[33] Habitats: Shrubland, grassland, savanna, forest, and rocky areas[34] Diets: Omnivorous; primarily eats invertebrates, rodents, small reptiles, and eggs[34] |
Mephitis (skunk) |
Geoffroy, 1795
Two species
|
North America |
Size range: 19 cm (7 in) long, plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (hooded skunk) to 82 cm (32 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (striped skunk)[35] Habitats: Desert, shrubland, rocky areas, grassland, savanna, and forest[36] Diets: Rodents, Insects, fruit, small vertebrates, vegetation, and bird eggs[36] |
Mydaus (stink badger) |
F. Cuvier, 1821
Two species
|
Western Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia |
Size range: 32 cm (13 in) long, plus 1 cm tail (Palawan stink badger) to 51 cm (20 in) long, plus 8 cm (3 in) tail (Sunda stink badger)[37] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and introduced vegetation[38] Diets: Birds' eggs, carrion, insects, worms, arthropods, and plants[38] |
Spilogale (spotted skunk) |
Gray, 1865
Four species
|
North America |
Size range: 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail (pygmy spotted skunk) to 37 cm (15 in) long, plus 21 cm (8 in) tail (western spotted skunk)[39] Habitats: Inland wetlands, grassland, shrubland, rocky areas, savanna, and forest, rocky areas, marine coastal/supratidal[40] Diets: Omnivorous; primarily eats invertebrates, small mammals, fruit, grain, birds, carrion, and bird eggs[40] |
Mustelidae
Members of the
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Eira
|
Hamilton Smith, 1842
One species
|
Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean, and northern South America |
Size: 60–70 cm (24–28 in) long, plus 35–45 cm (14–18 in) tail[41] Habitats: Forest and savanna[42] Diet: Fruit, carrion, small vertebrates, insects, and honey[42] |
Gulo | Pallas, 1780
One species
|
Arctic North America, Europe, and Asia |
Size: 70–105 cm (28–41 in) long, plus 18–26 cm (7–10 in) tail[43] Habitats: Rocky areas, shrubland, forest, and grassland[44] Diet: Carrion and small to large mammals[44] |
Martes (marten) |
Pinel, 1792
Seven species
|
North America and Eurasia |
Size range: 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 9 cm (4 in) tail (sable) to 72 cm (28 in) long, plus 48 cm (19 in) tail (yellow-throated marten)[45] Habitats: Forest, grassland, rocky areas, and shrubland[46] Diets: Rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, amphibians, insects, fruit, berries, and carrion[46] |
Pekania | Gray, 1865
One species
|
Northern North America |
Size: 75–120 cm (30–47 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[47] Habitats: Forest[48] Diet: Small to medium mammals, birds, and carrion[48] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Melogale (ferret-badger) |
I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831
Five species
|
East and Southeast Asia | Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (Chinese ferret-badger) to 44 cm (17 in) long, plus 23 cm (9 in) tail (Bornean ferret-badger, Burmese ferret-badger)[49] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[50] Diets: Invertebrates, amphibians, insects, fruit, and carrion[50] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Galictis (grison) |
Bell, 1826
Two species
|
South America |
Size range: 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail (lesser grison) to 76 cm (30 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail (greater grison)[51] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, and savanna[52] Diets: Small mammals, birds, lizards, amphibians, eggs, and fruit[52] |
Ictonyx (striped polecat) |
Kaup, 1835
Two species
|
Africa |
Size range: 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (striped polecat) to 47 cm (19 in) long, plus 19 cm (7 in) tail (Saharan striped polecat)[53] Habitats: Grassland, savanna, desert, and shrubland[54] Diets: Rodents, small mammals, birds, fish, and insects[54] |
Lyncodon
|
Gervais, 1845
One species
|
Argentina |
Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[55] Habitats: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[56] Diet: Rodents and birds[56] |
Poecilogale
|
Thomas, 1883
One species
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 25–36 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail[57] Habitats: Shrubland, forest, savanna, and grassland[58] Diet: Small mammals, rodents, and birds, as well as snakes and insects[57][58] |
Vormela | Blasius, 1884
One species
|
Southeast Europe and central Asia |
Size: 28–48 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[59] Habitats: Desert, rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland[60] Diet: Rodents and birds[60] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Aonyx | Lesson, 1827
Three species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia | Size range: 40 cm (16 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail (Asian small-clawed otter) to 95 cm (37 in) long, plus 60 cm (24 in) tail (African clawless otter)[61] Habitats: Intertidal marine, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, neritic marine, and grassland[62] Diets: Crabs, molluscs, insects, and small fish, as well as rodents, snakes, and amphibians[62] |
Enhydra | Fleming, 1828
One species
|
Western North American coast, eastern Russian coast, northern Japanese coast on northern Pacific coasts |
Size: 55–130 cm (22–51 in) long, plus 12–33 cm (5–13 in) tail[63] Habitats: Neritic marine and oceanic marine[64] Diet: Marine invertebrates, as well as fish[64] |
Hydrictis
|
Pocock, 1921
One species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 57–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail[65] Habitats: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[66] Diet: Frogs, crabs and small water birds[65][66] |
Lontra | Gray, 1843
Four species
|
North and South America |
Size range: 50 cm (20 in) long, plus 37 cm (15 in) tail (neotropical otter) to 107 cm (42 in) long, plus 46 cm (18 in) tail (North American river otter)[67] Habitats: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and oceanic marine[68] Diets: Fish, crustaceans, and molluscs, as well as insects, amphibians, and birds[68] |
Lutra | Brisson, 1762
Three species
|
Eurasia and North Africa |
Size range: 50 cm (20 in) long, plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (hairy-nosed otter) to 70 cm (28 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Eurasian otter)[69] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neretic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[70] Diets: Fish, as well as insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds, small mammals, and crustaceans[70] |
Lutrogale | (Gray, 1865)
One species
|
Iraq, South and Southeast Asia |
Size: 65–79 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 40–50 cm (16–20 in) tail[71] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[72] Diet: Fish, as well as shrimp, crabs, and insects[72] |
Pteronura
|
Gray, 1837
One species
|
North and central South America |
Size: 96–123 cm (38–48 in) long, plus 45–65 cm (18–26 in) tail[73] Habitats: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and forest[74] Diet: Fish, as well as caiman and turtles[74] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Arctonyx
|
F.Cuvier, 1825
Three species
|
East and southeast Asia |
Size range: 55–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[75] Habitats: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[76] Diets: Believed to primarily eat worms[76] |
Meles | Brisson, 1762
Three species
|
Eurasia |
Size range: 49 cm (19 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail (Asian badger) to 90 cm (35 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (European badger)[77] Habitats: Grassland, forest, desert, and shrubland[78] Diets: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[78] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Mellivora | Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, 1780
One species
|
Africa, Middle East, and India |
Size: 73–96 cm (29–38 in) long, plus 14–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[79] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, savanna, and desert[80] Diet: Smaller mammals[80] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Mustela (weasel) |
Linnaeus, 1758
Fifteen species
|
North America, Europe, and Asia |
Size range: 11 cm (4 in) long, plus 1 cm tail (least weasel) to 56 cm (22 in) long, plus 18 cm (7 in) tail (steppe polecat)[81] Habitats: Forest, inland wetlands, rocky areas, coastal marine, shrubland, grassland, urban[82] Diets: Small mammals, as well as fruit, earthworms, invertebrates, lizards, amphibians, fish, carrion, eggs, and birds[82] |
Neogale | Gray, 1865
Five species
|
North America, South America; introduced to Eurasia and other areas | Size range: 31 cm (12 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail (American mink) to 91 cm (36 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail (sea mink)[83] Habitats: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland; formerly intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[84] Diets: Fish, amphibians, crustaceans, muskrats, and small mammals[84] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Taxidea
|
Horsfield, 1839
One species
|
Mexico, United States and southern Canada |
Size: 42–72 cm (17–28 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[85] Habitats: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[86] Diet: Fossorial rodents, as well as scorpions, insects, snakes, lizards, and birds[86] |
Clade Pinnipedia
Odobenidae
The Odobenidae family is composed of a single extant species, the walrus.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Odobenus
|
Brisson, 1762
One species
|
Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas |
Size: Male: 270–356 cm (106–140 in) long; 800–1,700 kg (1,764–3,748 lb) Female: 225–312 cm (89–123 in) long; 400–1,250 kg (882–2,756 lb)[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, coastal marine, and other[88] Diet: Bivalve molluscs, as well as other invertebrates, slow-moving fish, and occasionally birds, seals, and other marine mammals[88] |
Otariidae
Members of the
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Arctocephalus | Geoffroy, F. Cuvier, 1826
Eight species
|
Antarctic Ocean and southern seas and coasts |
Size range: 100 cm (39 in) long and 30 kg (66 lb) (New Zealand fur seal females) to 227 cm (89 in) long and 360 kg (794 lb) (brown fur seal males)[89] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[90] Diets: A wide variety of cephalopods, fish, and birds, and some penguins[90] |
Callorhinus | Gray, 1859
One species
|
Northern Pacific Ocean (dark blue indicates breeding grounds) |
Size: Male: 213 cm (84 in) long; 180–275 kg (397–606 lb) Female: 142 cm (56 in) long; 40–50 kg (88–110 lb)[91] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[91] Diet: A variety of epipelagic and vertically migrating mesopelagic fish and squid[91] |
Eumetopias
|
Gill, 1866
One species
|
Northern Pacific Ocean (red indicates breeding grounds) |
Size: Male: 300–340 cm (118–134 in) long; 1,120 kg (2,469 lb) Female: 230–290 cm (91–114 in) long; 350 kg (772 lb)[92] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[93] Diet: A variety of fish and cephalopods, as well as northern fur seal, harbor seals, and ringed seals[93] |
Neophoca | Gray, 1866
One species
|
Southwestern Australian coast |
Size: Male: 180–250 cm (71–98 in) long; 180–250 kg (397–551 lb) Female: 130–180 cm (51–71 in) long; 61–105 kg (134–231 lb)[94] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[94] Diet: Cephalopods, fish, and crustaceans[94] |
Otaria
|
Péron, 1816
One species
|
Southeastern and western South American coast and islands |
Size: Male: 210–260 cm (83–102 in) long; 300–350 kg (661–772 lb) Female: 150–200 cm (59–79 in) long; 170 kg (375 lb)[95] Habitats: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[95] Diet: A wide variety of benthic fish, pelagic fish, and invertebrates[95] |
Phocarctos
|
Peters, 1866
One species
|
Southern New Zealand coast and islands |
Size: Male: 210–270 cm (83–106 in) long; 300–450 kg (661–992 lb) Female: 180–200 cm (71–79 in) long; 90–165 kg (198–364 lb)[96] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[96] Diet: A wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans, as well as penguins[96] |
Zalophus | Gill, 1866
Three species
|
Pacific North American coast and Galápagos Islands |
Size range: 160 cm (63 in) long and 275 kg (606 lb) (California sea lion) to 250 cm (98 in) long and 560 kg (1,235 lb) (Japanese sea lion males)[97] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[98] Diets: A variety of fish and squid[98] |
Phocidae
Members of the
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Cystophora
|
Agardh, 1841
One species
|
Central and western North Atlantic ocean (blue indicates breeding grounds) |
Size: Male: 250–270 cm (98–106 in) long; 200–400 kg (441–882 lb) Female: 200–220 cm (79–87 in) long; 145–300 kg (320–661 lb)[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[99] Diet: Fish and invertebrates throughout the water column[99] |
Erignathus
|
Gill, 1866
One species
|
Arctic ocean |
Size: 200–260 cm (79–102 in) long; 200–360 kg (441–794 lb) tail[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, and intertidal marine[100] Diet: Crabs, shrimp, clams, snails, benthic and demersal fish, and spoon worms[100] |
Halichoerus
|
Nilsson, 1820
One species
|
Shores of the North Atlantic Ocean |
Size: Male: 195–230 cm (77–91 in) long; 170–310 kg (375–683 lb) Female: 165–195 cm (65–77 in) long; 105–186 kg (231–410 lb)[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[101] Diet: Benthic and demersal fish[101] |
Histriophoca
|
Gill, 1873
One species
|
Arctic and subarctic regions of the North Pacific Ocean (blue indicates reduced summer range) |
Size: 165–175 cm (65–69 in) long; 72–90 kg (159–198 lb)[102] Habitats: Neritic marine and oceanic marine[103] Diet: Fish, crustaceans, and other invertebrates[103] |
Hydrurga
|
Gistel, 1848
One species
|
Antarctic Ocean |
Size: Male: 250–320 cm (98–126 in) long; 200–455 kg (441–1,003 lb) Female: 241–338 cm (95–133 in) long; 225–591 kg (496–1,303 lb)[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[104] Diet: Krill, fish, squid, penguins, other seabirds, and juvenile seals[104] |
Leptonychotes
|
Gill, 1872
One species
|
Coastal Antarctic Ocean |
Size: 280–330 cm (110–130 in) long; 400–600 kg (882–1,323 lb)[105] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[106] Diet: Cod icefish, as well as Antarctic toothfish, lanternfish, and cephalopods[106] |
Lobodon
|
Gray, 1844
One species
|
Antarctic Ocean |
Size: Male: 203–241 cm (80–95 in) long; 200–300 kg (441–661 lb) Female: 216–241 cm (85–95 in) long; 200–300 kg (441–661 lb)[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[107] Diet: Antarctic krill, as well as fish and squid[107] |
Mirounga (elephant seal) |
Gray, 1827
Two species
|
Antarctic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean | Size range: 200 cm (79 in) long and 400 kg (882 lb) (southern elephant seal females) to 600 cm (236 in) long; 3,700 kg (8,157 lb) (southern elephant seal males)[108] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[109] Diets: Squid, lanternfish, cod icefish, and other mesopelagic fish[109] |
Monachus | Fleming, 1822
One species
|
Scattered portions of the Mediterranean Sea | Size: 230–280 cm (91–110 in) long; 240–300 kg (529–661 lb)[110] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[111] Diet: Benthic fish, pelagic fish, cephalopods, and lobsters[110][111] |
Neomonachus | Slater, Helgen, 2014
Two species
|
Hawaiian islands; formerly the Caribbean Sea |
Size range: 200 cm (79 in) long and 200 kg (441 lb) (Caribbean monk seal) to 250 cm (98 in) long; 240 kg (529 lb) (Hawaiian monk seal)[112] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[113] Diets: Benthic fish, pelagic fish, cephalopods, and lobsters[113] |
Ommatophoca
|
Gray, 1844
One species
|
Coastal Antarctic Ocean |
Size: Male: 168–208 cm (66–82 in) long; 129–216 kg (284–476 lb) Female: 190–250 cm (75–98 in) long; 159–204 kg (351–450 lb)[87] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, and coastal marine[114] Diet: Squid, as well as fish and krill[114] |
Pagophilus
|
Gray, 1844
One species
|
Northern Atlantic Ocean |
Size: Male: 171–190 cm (67–75 in) long; 135 kg (298 lb) Female: 168–183 cm (66–72 in) long; 120 kg (265 lb)[115] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[116] Diet: A wide variety of fish and invertebrates[116] |
Phoca | Linnaeus, 1758
Two species
|
Northern Hemisphere coastlines | Size range: 148 cm (58 in) long and 60 kg (132 lb) (harbor seal females) to 186 cm (73 in) long; 170 kg (375 lb) (harbor seal males)[117] Habitats: Neritic marine, oceanic marine, intertidal marine, and coastal marine[118] Diets: A wide variety of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans[118] |
Pusa | Scopoli, 1771
Three species
|
Arctic Ocean, Caspian Sea, and Lake Baikal | Size range: 110 cm (43 in) long and 32 kg (71 lb) (ringed seal) to 175 cm (69 in) long; 124 kg (273 lb) (ringed seal)[119] Habitats: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, and oceanic marine[120] Diets: A wide variety of fish and invertebrates[120] |
Procyonidae
Members of the
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Bassaricyon (olingo) |
Allen, 1876
Four species
|
Central America and northwest South America | Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (eastern lowland olingo) to 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 53 cm (21 in) tail (northern olingo)[121] Habitats: Forest[122] Diets: Fruit and nectar, as well as flowers, small rodents, lizards, birds, insects, and eggs[122] |
Bassariscus | Coues, 1887
Two species
|
Central America and southern North America | Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 31 cm (12 in) tail (ring-tailed cat) to 47 cm (19 in) long, plus 53 cm (21 in) tail (cacomistle)[123] Habitats: Shrubland, forest, rocky areas, desert, and grassland[124] Diets: Fruit, insects, and small vertebrates[124] |
Nasua (coati) |
Storr, 1780
Two species
|
Southern North America, Central America, and South America | Size range: 33 cm (13 in) long, plus 33 cm (13 in) tail (white-nosed coati) to 67 cm (26 in) long, plus 69 cm (27 in) tail (South American coati)[125] Habitats: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[126] Diets: Fruit and invertebrates[126] |
Nasuella (mountain coati) |
Hollister, 1915
Two species
|
Andes mountains in northern South America |
Size range: 36 cm (14 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (western mountain coati) to 54 cm (21 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail (eastern mountain coati)[127] Habitats: Forest and grassland[128] Diets: Invertebrates, small vertebrates, fruit, and vegetable remains[128] |
Potos
|
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & G. Cuvier, 1795
One species
|
Central America and northern South America |
Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[129] Habitats: Forest[130] Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers and leaves[130] |
Procyon (raccoon) |
Storr, 1780
Three species
|
North and South America, and introduced to Central Europe, the Caucasus Mountains, and Japan | Size range: 41 cm (16 in) long, plus 19 cm (7 in) tail (raccoon) to 65 cm (26 in) long, plus 38 cm (15 in) tail (crab-eating raccoon)[131] Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands[132] Diets: Omnivorous, eats fruit, nuts, insects, small mammals, molluscs, crabs, eggs, birds, frogs, fish, aquatic invertebrates, worms, and garbage[132] |
Ursidae
Members of the
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Ailuropoda | H. Milne-Edwards, 1870
One species
|
Central China |
Size: 150–180 cm (59–71 in) long, plus 10–15 cm (4–6 in) tail 80–123 kg (176–271 lb)[133][134] Habitats: Forest[135] Diet: Bamboo[135] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Tremarctos | Gervais, 1855
One species
|
Andes mountains in South America |
Size: 120–200 cm (47–79 in) long, plus 7 cm (3 in) tail 60–175 kg (132–386 lb)[136] Habitats: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[137] Diet: Bromeliads and palm trees, as well as cattle, other mammals, and fruit[137] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Helarctos
|
Gervais, 1855
One species
|
Southeast Asia (current range in brown, former in black) |
Size: 120–150 cm (47–59 in) long, plus 3–7 cm (1–3 in) tail 35–80 kg (77–176 lb)[138][139] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[140] Diet: Termites, ants, beetle larvae, bee larvae, honey, and fruit[140] |
Melursus
|
Meyer, 1793
One species
|
India (current range in green, former in black) |
Size: 150–180 cm (59–71 in) long, plus 7–12 cm (3–5 in) tail 54–141 kg (119–311 lb)[141] Habitats: Shrubland, grassland, forest, and savanna[142] Diet: Termites and fruit[142] |
Ursus
|
Linnaeus, 1758
Four species
|
North America, Europe, Asia | Size range: 100 cm (39 in) long, plus 6 cm (2 in) tail, 80 kg (176 lb) (brown bear) to 244 cm (96 in) long, plus 13 cm (5 in) tail, 726 kg (1,601 lb) (polar bear)[143] Habitats: North America, Europe, Asia[144] Diets: Vegetation, insects, fruit, nuts, mammals; polar bear primarily eats seals, as well as walruses, beluga whales, birds, fish, vegetation and kelp[144] |
Suborder Feliformia
Eupleridae
Members of the
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Cryptoprocta | Bennett, 1833
One species
|
Madagascar |
Size: 61–80 cm (24–31 in) long, plus 61–80 cm (24–31 in) tail[145] Habitats: Forest[146] Diet: Small mammals and reptiles[146] |
Eupleres | Doyère, 1835
Two species
|
Eastern and northern Madagascar | Size range: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail (eastern falanouc, western falanouc)[147] Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands[148] Diets: Invertebrates[148] |
Fossa
|
Gray, 1865
One species
|
Eastern Madagascar |
Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 21–25 cm (8–10 in) tail[149] Habitats: Forest[150] Diet: Small vertebrates, insects, and bird's eggs[150] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Galidia
|
Geoffroy, 1837
One species
|
Eastern Madagascar |
Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 27–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[147] Habitats: Forest[151] Diet: Small mammals, birds, bird's eggs, and frogs, as well as fruit, fish, reptiles, and invertebrates[147][151] |
Galidictis | Geoffroy, 1839
Two species
|
Eastern and southern Madagascar |
Size range: 32–34 cm (13–13 in) long, plus 28–30 cm (11–12 in) tail (broad-striped Malagasy mongoose, Grandidier's mongoose)[152] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[153] Diets: Rodents and other small vertebrates, as well as invertebrates[147][153] |
Mungotictis
|
Pocock, 1915
One species
|
Western Madagascar |
Size: 25–35 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 23–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[147] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[154] Diet: Invertebrates, as well as reptiles[154][155] |
Salanoia | Gray, 1865
Two species
|
Northeastern Madagascar |
Size range: 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (brown-tailed mongoose) to 33 cm (13 in) long, plus 21 cm (8 in) tail (Durrell's vontsira)[156] Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands[157] Diets: Insects and fruit as well as frogs, reptiles, and rodents; Durrell's vontsira may eat fish and molluscs[157] |
Felidae
Members of the Felidae family are felids, or colloquially cats; "cat" refers both to felids in general and specifically to domestic cats. Felidae comprises two extant subfamilies, Felinae (small cats) and Pantherinae (large cats). There are 34 extant species in Felidae, divided into 14 genera.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Acinonyx | Brookes, 1828
One species
|
Southern Africa, central Africa, and Iran |
Size: 113–140 cm (44–55 in) long, 60–84 cm (24–33 in) tail[158] Habitats: Desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland[159] Diet: Antelopes and gazelles[159] |
Caracal | Gray, 1843
Two species
|
Most of non-desert Africa, Middle East, and Indian subcontinent | Size range: 65 cm (26 in) long, plus 28 cm (11 in) tail (African golden cat) to 100 cm (39 in) long, plus 34 cm (13 in) tail (caracal)[160] Habitats: Forest, desert, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[161] Diets: Rodents and squirrels, along with antelope, primates, birds, reptiles, and fish[161] |
Catopuma | Severtzov, 1858
Two species
|
Scattered areas of Southeast Asia | Size range: 53 cm (21 in) long, plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (bay cat) to 105 cm (41 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail (Asian golden cat)[162] Habitats: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland[163] Diets: Mostly unknown, with evidence of preying on rodents, squirrels, and snakes[163] |
Felis | Linnaeus, 1758
Seven species
|
Africa, Europe, and Asia (domestic cat worldwide) |
Size range: 37 cm (15 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail (black-footed cat) to 85 cm (33 in) long, plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (Chinese mountain cat)[164] Habitats: Forest, desert, shrubland, savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands, plus cosmopolitan distribution of feral domestic cats[165] Diets: Birds and small mammals, as well as other small animals[165] |
Herpailurus
|
Saint-Hilaire, 1803
One species
|
Most of South and Central America |
Size: 49–78 cm (19–31 in) long, 28–59 cm (11–23 in) tail[166] Habitats: Grassland, shrubland, savanna, and forest[167] Diet: Small mammals, birds and reptiles[167] |
Leopardus | Gray, 1842
Eight species
|
South and Central America; Trinidad and Margarita in the Caribbean |
Size range: 37 cm (15 in) long, plus20 cm (8 in) tail (kodkod) to 102 cm (40 in) long, plus 50 cm (20 in) tail (ocelot)[168] Habitats: Savanna, forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert[169] Diets: Small and medium mammals, birds and reptiles, as well as carrion[169] |
Leptailurus
|
Severtzov, 1858
One species
|
Non-rainforest sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 59–100 cm (23–39 in) long, 20–38 cm (8–15 in) tail[170] Habitats: Grassland, inland wetlands, forest, and savanna[171] Diet: Small mammals and rodents, as well as birds, reptiles, and arthropods[171] |
Lynx | Kerr, 1792
Four species
|
North America, northern Europe, and northern and central Asia |
Size range: 80 cm (31 in) long, plus9 cm (4 in) tail (bobcat) to 120 cm (47 in) long, plus 23 cm (9 in) tail (Eurasian lynx)[172] Habitats: Desert, shrubland, savanna, forest, rocky areas, and grassland[173] Diets: Rabbits and hares, along with rodents, birds, deer, and small or medium-sized mammals[173] |
Otocolobus
|
Brandt, 1841
One species
|
Central Asia |
Size: 46–65 cm (18–26 in) long, 21–31 cm (8–12 in) tail[174] Habitats: Rocky areas, grassland, shrubland, and desert[175] Diet: Small mammals, especially pikas, as well as rodents and birds[175] |
Pardofelis | Severtzov, 1858
One species
|
Parts of Southeast Asia |
Size: 45–62 cm (18–24 in) long, 36–55 cm (14–22 in) tail[176] Habitats: Forest[177] Diet: Likely eats rodents, squirrels, and birds[177] |
Prionailurus | Severtzov, 1858
Five species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size range: 35 cm (14 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (rusty-spotted cat) to 85 cm (33 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail (fishing cat)[178] Habitats: Inland wetlands, shrubland, grassland, forest, desert, and savanna[179] Diets: Rodents, birds, and fish, as well as amphibians and lizards[179] |
Puma | Jardine, 1834
One species
|
South America and North America |
Size: 100–150 cm (39–59 in) long, 60–90 cm (24–35 in) tail[180] Habitats: Forest, desert, grassland, savanna, and shrubland[181] Diet: Deer, as well as smaller mammals such as feral pigs, raccoons and armadillos[181] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Neofelis | Gray, 1867
Two species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size range: 69–108 cm (27–43 in) long, plus 61–91 cm (24–36 in) tail[182] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[183] Diets: Medium-sized and small mammals on the ground and in trees, as well as birds[183] |
Panthera | Oken, 1816
Five species
|
Africa, Asia and the Americas | Size range: 90 cm (35 in) long, plus 80 cm (31 in) tail (snow leopard) to 250 cm (98 in) long, plus 100 cm (39 in) tail (lion)[184] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, inland wetlands, savanna, grassland, rocky areas, and desert[185] Diets: Ungulates and other small to large mammals, as well as birds, insects, and reptiles[185] |
Herpestidae
Members of the Herpestidae family are herpestids, or colloquially mongooses. Herpestidae comprises two extant subfamilies, Herpestinae, comprising the species that are native to southern Europe, Africa and Asia, and Mungotinae, comprising the species native to Africa. There are 34 extant species in Herpestidae, divided into 15 genera.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Atilax | F. Cuvier, 1826
One species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 46–64 cm (18–25 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[186] Habitats: Forest, grassland, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and coastal marine[187] Diet: Crustaceans as well as other aquatic prey and rodents[187] |
Bdeogale | Peters, 1850
Three species
|
Central Africa |
Size range: 36 cm (14 in) long, plus 22 cm (9 in) tail (bushy-tailed mongoose) to 65 cm (26 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (black-footed mongoose)[186] Habitats: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[188] Diets: Omnivorous, especially mammals and insects[188] |
Cynictis
|
Ogilby, 1833
One species
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 26–46 cm (10–18 in) long, plus 16–30 cm (6–12 in) tail[186] Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[189] Diet: Insects, as well as rodents, birds, other vertebrates, and arachnids[189] |
Herpestes | Illiger, 1811
Five species
|
Africa | Size range: 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 22 cm (9 in) tail (Somalian slender mongoose) to 43 cm (17 in) long, plus 34 cm (13 in) tail (Cape gray mongoose)[190] Habitats: Shrubland, forest, rocky areas, inland wetlands, savanna, and desert[191] Diets: Small mammals and insects, as well as birds, lizards, and snakes[191] |
Ichneumia
|
Geoffroy, 1837
One species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa, southern Arabic peninsula |
Size: 51–104 cm (20–41 in) long, plus 34–47 cm (13–19 in) tail[186] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[192] Diet: Insects[192] |
Paracynictis
|
Pocock, 1916
One species
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 63–90 cm (25–35 in) long, plus 28–43 cm (11–17 in) tail[193] Habitats: Savanna and grassland[194] Diet: Invertebrates, as well as small rodents, amphibians, reptiles, and birds[193][194] |
Rhynchogale
|
Thomas, 1894
One species
|
Southeastern Africa |
Size: 36–57 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 30–42 cm (12–17 in) tail[186] Habitats: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[195] Diet: Termites, as well as other invertebrates[186][195] |
Urva | Hodgson, 1836
Nine species
|
Africa, Mediterranean, and southern Asia | Size range: 25 cm (10 in) long, plus 24 cm (9 in) tail (Javan mongoose) to 50 cm (20 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail (crab-eating mongoose)[196] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[197] Diets: Generally omnivorous; some primarily eat rodents, birds, and reptiles[197] |
Xenogale
|
Allen, 1919
One species
|
Central Africa |
Size: 40–61 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 32–43 cm (13–17 in) tail[186] Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands[198] Diet: Omnivorous[198] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Crossarchus (kusimanse) |
F. Cuvier, 1825
Four species
|
Central Africa |
Size range: 21 cm (8 in) long, plus 15 cm (6 in) tail (flat-headed kusimanse) to 44 cm (17 in) long, plus 32 cm (13 in) tail (Alexander's kusimanse)[199] Habitats: Forest, savanna, and inland wetlands[200] Diets: Insects, small vertebrates, eggs, and fruit[200] |
Dologale
|
Thomas, 1926
One species
|
Central Africa |
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 16–22 cm (6–9 in) tail[186] Habitats: Forest, savanna, and grassland[201] Diet: Invertebrates[186][201] |
Helogale (dwarf mongoose) |
Gray, 1862
Two species
|
Central and east Africa |
Size range: 18 cm (7 in) long, plus 14 cm (6 in) tail (common dwarf mongoose) to 26 cm (10 in) long, plus 20 cm (8 in) tail (Ethiopian dwarf mongoose)[202] Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[203] Diets: Invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[203] |
Liberiictis
|
Hayman, 1958
One species
|
Western Africa |
Size: 42–55 cm (17–22 in) long, plus 18–21 cm (7–8 in) tail[186] Habitats: Forest[204] Diet: Earthworms, as well as small vertebrates, insect larvae, and fruit[204] |
Mungos | Geoffroy, 1795
Two species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 19 cm (7 in) tail (banded mongoose) to 36 cm (14 in) long, plus 22 cm (9 in) tail (Gambian mongoose)[186] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[205] Diets: Insects, as well as other invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, bird eggs, young birds, small mammals, and fruit[205] |
Suricata | Desmarest, 1804
One species
|
Southern Africa |
Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus 18–24 cm (7–9 in) tail[186] Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, grassland, and desert[206] Diet: Invertebrates[206] |
Hyaenidae
Members of the Hyaenidae family are hyaenids, or colloquially hyenas. Hyaenidae comprises four extant species, divided into four genera.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Crocuta | Kaup, 1828
One species
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
Size: 95–150 cm (37–59 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[207] Habitats: Forest, savanna, and grassland[208] Diet: Medium to large mammals, as well as carrion[208] |
Hyaena
|
Brisson, 1762
One species
|
North and East Africa, the Caucasus in Europe, and southern and western Asia |
Size: 100 cm (39 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail[209] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, rocky areas, desert, intertidal marine, coastal marine[210] Diet: Carrion, as well as live vertebrates, insects, and fruit[210] |
Parahyaena
|
Thunberg, 1820
One species
|
Southwestern Africa |
Size: 125 cm (49 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail[211] Habitats: Desert areas, semi-desert, and open woodland savannahs[212] Diet: Carrion[212] |
Proteles | Geoffroy, 1824
One species
|
Southern and eastern Africa |
Size: 55–85 cm (22–33 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[213] Habitats: Savanna, shrubland, and grassland[214] Diet: Harvester termites[214] |
Nandiniidae
The Nandiniidae family is composed of a single extant species, the African palm civet.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Nandinia
|
Gray, 1843
One species
|
Central Africa |
Size: 37–63 cm (15–25 in) long, plus 34–77 cm (13–30 in) tail[215] Habitats: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[216] Diet: Fruit, as well as vertebrates and insects[216] |
Prionodontidae
The Prionodontidae family is composed of a single extant species in a single genus.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Prionodon (Asiatic linsang) |
Horsfield, 1822
Two species
|
Southeast Asia | Size range: 31–45 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 30–42 cm (12–17 in) tail (banded linsang and spotted linsang)[217] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[218] Diets: Small vertebrates[218] |
Viverridae
Members of the Viverridae family are viverrids, and the family is composed mainly of the civets and genets. Viverridae comprises four extant subfamilies, the 3 civet subfamilies Viverrinae, Hemigalinae, and Paradoxurinae, and the genet subfamily Genettinae. There are 33 extant species in Viverridae, divided into 14 genera.
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Genetta (genet) |
Cuvier, 1816
Fourteen species
|
Africa | Size range: 40 cm (16 in) long, plus 38 cm (15 in) tail (Abyssinian genet) to 68 cm (27 in) long, plus 47 cm (19 in) tail (king genet)[219] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, inland wetlands, and rocky areas[220] Diets: Small mammals, birds, insects, fruit, and seeds, as well as reptiles and amphibians[220] |
Poiana (African linsang) |
Gray, 1865
Two species
|
Central and western Africa | Size range: 30 cm (12 in) long, plus 35 cm (14 in) tail (West African oyan) to 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 40 cm (16 in) tail (Central African oyan)[221] Habitats: Forest[222] Diets: Believed to eat small vertebrates and invertebrates[222] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Chrotogale
|
Thomas, 1912
One species
|
Southeast Asia around Vietnam |
Size: 51–63 cm (20–25 in) long, plus 38–48 cm (15–19 in) tail[223] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[224] Diet: Believed to primarily eat earthworms and other invertebrates[224] |
Cynogale
|
Gray, 1837
One species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 57–68 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 12–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[223] Habitats: Forest and inland wetlands[225] Diet: Fish, crabs, molluscs, small mammals, and birds[225] |
Diplogale
|
Thomas, 1912
One species
|
Borneo in Southeast Asia |
Size: 47–54 cm (19–21 in) long, plus 29–34 cm (11–13 in) tail[226] Habitats: Forest[227] Diet: Believed to primarily eat small fish, shrimp, crabs, and frogs as well as insects[227] |
Hemigalus
|
Jourdan, 1837
One species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 45–56 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 25–36 cm (10–14 in) tail[223] Habitats: Forest[228] Diet: Insects[228] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Arctictis
|
Temminck, 1824
One species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 61–96 cm (24–38 in) long, plus 56–89 cm (22–35 in) tail[229] Habitats: Forest[230] Diet: Fruit[230] |
Arctogalidia
|
Merriam, 1897
One species
|
Southeast Asia |
Size: 44–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 48–66 cm (19–26 in) tail[231] Habitats: Forest[232] Diet: Omnivorous; primarily eats fruit[232] |
Macrogalidia
|
Schwarz, 1910
One species
|
Sulawesi island in Southeast Asia |
Size: 65–72 cm (26–28 in) long, plus 44–54 cm (17–21 in) tail[233] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[234] Diet: Rodents and palm fruit, as well as other small mammals, birds, fruit, and grass[234] |
Paguma
|
Gray, 1831
One species
|
East and southeast Asia |
Size: 50–76 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 50–64 cm (20–25 in) tail[235] Habitats: Forest and shrubland[236] Diet: Omnivorous; primarily eats fruit[236] |
Paradoxurus | F. Cuvier, 1821
Three species
|
South and southeast Asia |
Size range: 43 cm (17 in) long, plus 38 cm (15 in) tail (brown palm civet) to 58 cm (23 in) long, plus 53 cm (21 in) tail (golden palm civet)[237] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[238] Diets: Omnivorous; primarily eats fruit and rodents[238] |
Name | Authority and species | Range | Size and ecology |
---|---|---|---|
Civettictis | Pocock, 1915
One species
|
Central and south Africa |
Size: 60–92 cm (24–36 in) long, plus 43–61 cm (17–24 in) tail[239] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and inland wetlands[240] Diet: Omnivorous; primarily eats fruit[240] |
Viverra | Linnaeus, 1758
Four species
|
Southeast Asia and southwest India | Size range: 58 cm (23 in) long, plus 30 cm (12 in) tail (Malayan civet) to 95 cm (37 in) long, plus 59 cm (23 in) tail (large Indian civet)[241] Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands[242] Diets: Omnivorous[242] |
Viverricula
|
Hodgson, 1838
One species
|
South and southeast Asia |
Size: 45–63 cm (18–25 in) long, plus 30–43 cm (12–17 in) tail[243] Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, and inland wetlands[244] Diet: Rodents, birds, snakes, fruit, roots, carrion, and insects[244] |
See also
References
- ^ Skinner, Chimimba, p. 358
- PMID 22940151.
- .
- S2CID 4404379. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
- S2CID 253993605.
- ^ .
- ^ "Small-eared zorro (Atelocynus microtis)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on February 6, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Pitman, Williams, pp. 26–31
- ^ Canis sizes:
- African golden wolf: Viranta, S.; Atickem, A.; Werdelin, L.; et al. (December 2017). "Rediscovering a forgotten canid species". hdl:10852/55258. Archivedfrom the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- Coyote: Bekoff, M. (1977). "Canis latrans". OCLC 46381503.
- Ethiopian wolf: "Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Golden jackal: "Golden jackal (Canis aureus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Wolf: Heptner, Naumov, pp. 164–270
- African golden wolf: Viranta, S.; Atickem, A.; Werdelin, L.; et al. (December 2017). "Rediscovering a forgotten canid species".
- ^ a b Canis habitats and diets:
- African golden wolf: Hoffmann, M.; Atickem, A. (2019). "Canis lupaster". S2CID 90155276.
- Coyote: Kays, R. (2018). "Canis latrans".
- African golden wolf: Hoffmann, M.; Atickem, A. (2019). "Canis lupaster".
- Ethiopian wolf: Marino, J.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2011). "Canis simensis". S2CID 253988540. Archived from the original(PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Golden jackal: Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; .
- Wolf: Boitani, L.; Phillips, M.; doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T3746A119623865.en.on May 1, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
"Grey wolf (Canis lupus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original - ^ JSTOR 3503974.
- ^ .
- ^ "Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on September 13, 2009. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- .
- ^ .
- ^ "Dhole (Cuon alpinus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on September 7, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Dusicyon habitats and diets:
- Falkland Islands wolf: Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Dusicyon australis".
- South American fox: Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Dusicyon avus". .
- ^ Lupulella sizes:
- Side-striped jackal: Burnie, Wilson (2011), ch. Side-striped jackal
- Black-backed jackal: de Waal, H. O. (September 2017). "Demography and morphometry of black-backed jackals Canis mesomelasin South Africa and Namibia" (PDF). African Large Predator Research Unit. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- ^ a b Lupulella habitats and diets:
- Side-striped jackal: Hoffmann, M. (2014). "Canis adustus".
- Black-backed jackal: Hoffmann, M. (2014). "Canis mesomelas". , pp. 178–204
- ^ Lycalopex sizes:
- Culpeo: Burnie, Wilson (2011), ch. Culpeo
- Darwin's fox, Hoary fox, Pampas fox, Sechuran fox, South American gray fox: Hunter, pp. 110–126
- ^ a b Lycalopex habitats and diets:
- Culpeo: Lucherini, M. (2016). "Lycalopex culpaeus".
- Darwin's fox: Silva-Rodríguez, E.; Farias, A.; Moreira-Arce, D.; Cabello, J.; Hidalgo-Hermoso, E.; Lucherini, M.; Jiménez, J. (2016). "Lycalopex fulvipes". .
- Hoary fox: Dalponte, J.; Courtenay, O. (2008). "Lycalopex vetulus". .
- Pampas fox: Lucherini, M. (2016). "Lycalopex gymnocercus". .
- Sechuran fox: Cossios, D. (2017). "Lycalopex sechurae". .
- South American gray fox: Lucherini, M. (2016). "Lycalopex griseus". .
- ^ a b c d Hunter, pp. 110–126
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ "Bush dog (Speothos venaticus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ a b Urocyon habitats and diets:
- Gray fox: Roemer, G.; Cypher, B.; List, R. (2016). "Urocyon cinereoargenteus".
- Island fox: Coonan, T.; Ralls, K.; Hudgens, B.; Cypher, B.; Boser, C. (2013). "Urocyon littoralis". .
- ^ Vulpes sizes:
- Red fox: "Red fox (Vulpes vulpes)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
- All others: Hunter, pp. 110–126
- ^ a b Vulpes habitats and diets:
- Arctic fox: Angerbjörn, A.; Tannerfeldt, M. (2014). "Vulpes lagopus".
- Bengal fox: .
- Blanfords fox: Hoffmann, M.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Vulpes cana". .
- Cape fox: Hoffmann, M. (2014). "Vulpes chama". .
- Corsac fox: Murdoch, J. D. (2014). "Vulpes corsac". .
- Fennec fox: Wacher, T.; Bauman, K.; Cuzin, F. (2015). "Vulpes zerda". .
- Kit fox: Cypher, B.; List, R. (2014). "Vulpes macrotis". .
- Pale fox: Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Wacher, T. (2012). "Vulpes pallida". .
- Rüppell's fox: Mallon, D.; Murdoch, J. D.; Wacher, T. (2015). "Vulpes rueppellii". .
- Red fox: Hoffmann, M.; Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". .
- Swift fox: Moehrenschlager, A.; Sovada, M. (2016). "Vulpes velox". .
- Tibetan sand fox: Harris, R. (2014). "Vulpes ferrilata". .
- ^ Conepatus sizes:
- Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk: Shaw, Weylan (2002). "Conepatus humboldtii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- American hog-nosed skunk, Molina's hog-nosed skunk, Striped hog-nosed skunk: Hunter, pp. 150–156
- ^ a b Conepatus habitats and diets:
- Molina's hog-nosed skunk: Emmons, L.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Conepatus chinga".
- Humbold'ts hog-nosed skunk: Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Conepatus humboldtii". .
- American hog-nosed skunk: Helgen, K. (2016). "Conepatus leuconotus". .
- Striped hog-nosed skunk: Cuarón, A. D.; Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Conepatus semistriatus". .
- ^ Mephitis sizes:
- Hooded skunk: Bairos-Novak, Kevin (2014). "Mephitis macroura". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- Striped skunk: Kiiskila, Jeffrey (2014). "Mephitis mephitis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Mephitis habitats and diets:
- Hooded skunk: Cuarón, A. D.; González-Maya, J. F.; Helgen, K.; Reid, F.; Schipper, J.; Dragoo, J. W. (2016). "Mephitis macroura".
- Striped skunk: Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Mephitis mephitis". .
- ^ Mydaus sizes:
- Sunda stink badger: Krauskopf, Rachel (2002). "Mydaus javanensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- Palawan stink badger: Hunter, pp. 150–156
- ^ a b Mydaus habitats and diets:
- Sunda stink badger: Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Meijaard, E.; Ross, J.; Hearn, A.; Ario, A. (2015). "Mydaus javanensis".
- Palawan stink badger: Widmann, P. (2015). "Mydaus marchei". .
- ^ Spilogale sizes:
- Southern spotted skunk, Western spotted skunk: Hunter, pp. 150–156
- Eastern spotted skunk: Pennington, Stefanie (2002). "Spilogale putorius". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- Pygmy spotted skunk: Gay, Bradley David (1999). "Spilogale pygmaea". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Spilogale habitats and diets:
- Southern spotted skunk: Helgen, K.; Reid, F.; Timm, R. (2016). "Spilogale angustifrons".
- Western spotted skunk: Cuarón, A. D.; Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Spilogale gracilis". .
- Eastern spotted skunk: Gompper, M.; Jachowski, D. (2016). "Spilogale putorius". .
- Pygmy spotted skunk: Helgen, K.; Cuarón, A. D.; Schipper, J.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). "Spilogale pygmaea". .
- ^ Schreffler, Christina (2003). "Eira barbara". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Streubel, Donald (2000). "Wolverine". Digital Atlas of Idaho. Idaho State University. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Martes sizes:
- American marten: Streubel, Donald (2000). "American Marten". Digital Atlas of Idaho. Idaho State University. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Beech marten: Carter, Kimberlee (2004). "Martes foina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- European pine marten: Schwanz, Lisa (2000). "Martes martes". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Japanese marten: Barthen, Bill (2003). "Martes melampus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Nilgiri marten: Webb, Amanda (2013). "Martes gwatkinsii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Sable: Bates, Jeremy (2002). "Martes zibellina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Yellow-throated marten: Shak, Marcus (2012). "Martes flavigula". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Martes habitats and diets:
- American marten: Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Martes americana".
- Beech marten: Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Choudhury, A.; Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". .
- European pine marten: Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Maran, T.; Monakhov, V. G. (2016). "Martes martes". .
- Japanese marten: Abramov, A. V.; Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R. (2015). "Martes melampus". .
- Nilgiri marten: Mudappa, D.; Jathana, D.; Raman, T. R. S. (2015). "Martes gwatkinsii". .
- Sable: Monakhov, V. G. (2016). "Martes zibellina". .
- Yellow-throated marten: Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2016). "Martes flavigula". .
- ^ Rhines, Cynthia (2003). "Martes pennanti". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Melogale sizes:
- Bornean ferret-badger: Edmison, Nicole (2003). "Melogale everetti". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Burmese ferret-badger: Clarke, Rosie (2003). "Melogale personata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Chinese ferret-badgerSize: Smith, Xie, et al., p. 441
- Javan ferret-badger: Denryter, Kristin (2013). "Melogale orientalis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Melogale habitats and diets:
- Bornean ferret-badger: Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2015). "Melogale everetti".
- Burmese ferret-badger: Duckworth, J. W.; Long, B.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Chan, B.; Chutipong, W. (2016). "Melogale personata". .
- Chinese ferret-badger: Duckworth, J. W.; Abramov, A. V.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Timmins, R. J.; Choudhury, A.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Lau, M. (2016). "Melogale moschata". .
- Javan ferret-badger: Duckworth, J. W.; Shepherd, C.; Rode-Margono, E. J.; Wilianto, E.; Spaan, D.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Melogale orientalis". .
- Vietnam ferret-badger: Helgen, K.; Long, B. (2016). "Melogale cucphuongensis". .
- ^ Galictis sizes:
- Greater grison: Gregg, Mackenzie (2013). "Galictis grison". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- Lesser grison: Melrose, Robert (2004). "Galictis cuja". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ a b Galictis habitats and diets:
- Greater grison: Cuarón, A. D.; Reid, F.; González-Maya, J. F.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Galictis vittata".
- Lesser grison: Helgen, K.; Schiaffini, M. (2016). "Galictis cuja". .
- ^ Ictonyx sizes:
- Striped polecat: Aguilar, William (2003). "Ictonyx striatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- Saharan striped polecat: Hoath, pp. 82–84
- ^ a b Ictonyx habitats and diets:
- Striped polecat: Stuart, C.; Stuart, M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ictonyx striatus".
- Saharan striped polecat: Ahmim, M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Ictonyx libycus". .
- ^ Malek, Karen (2003). "Lyncodon patagonicus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ a b Brilliant, Matt (2000). "Poecilogale albinucha". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Petroelje, Tyler (2011). "Vormela peregusna". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Aonyx sizes:
- African clawless otter: "African Clawless Otter (Aonyx capensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- Asian small-clawed otter: "Asian Small-clawed Otter (Aonyx cinereus)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ a b Aonyx habitats and diets:
- African clawless otter: Jacques, H.; Reed-Smith, J.; Somers, M. J. (2015). "Aonyx capensis".
- Asian small-clawed otter: Wright, L.; de Silva, P.; Chan, B.; Reza Lubis, I. (2015). "Aonyx cinereus". .
- ^ "Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ a b "Spotted-necked Otter (Hydrictis maculicollis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Lontra sizes:
- North American river otter: "North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- Southern river otter: "Southern River Otter (Lontra provocax)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- Neotropical otter: "Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- Marine otter: Jefferson, Webber, Pitman, pp. 539–541
- ^ a b Lontra habitats and diets:
- North American river otter: Serfass, T.; Evans, S. S.; Polechla, P. (2015). "Lontra canadensis".
- Southern river otter: Sepúlveda, M. A.; Valenzuela, A. E. J.; Pozzi, C.; Medina-Vogel, G.; Chehébar, C. (2015). "Lontra provocax". .
- Neotropical otter: Rheingantz, M. L.; Trinca, C. S. (2015). "Lontra longicaudis". .
- Marine otter: Valqui, J.; Rheingantz, M. L. (2015). "Lontra felina". .
- ^ Lutra sizes:
- Eurasian otter: "Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- Hairy-nosed otter: "Hairy-nosed Otter (Lutra sumatrana)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ a b Lutra habitats and diets:
- Eurasian otter: Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P.; Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra".
- Hairy-nosed otter: Aadrean, A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Heng, S.; Reza Lubis, I.; de Silva, P.; Olsson, A. (2015). "Lutra sumatrana". .
- ^ "Smooth-coated Otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ "Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)". IUCN Otter Specialist Group. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Toben, Jacob (2013). "Arctonyx collaris". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Meles sizes:
- Asian badger: Smith, Xie, p. 326
- European badger: Wang, Annie (2011). "Meles meles". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- Japanese badger: Riney, Julie (2011). "Meles anakuma". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- ^ a b Meles habitats and diets:
- Asian badger: Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Meles leucurus".
- European badger: Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". .
- Japanese badger: Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Meles anakuma". .
- ^ "Honey Badger (Ratel)". San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants. San Diego Zoo. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Mustela sizes:
- Amazon weasel: Ramírez-Chaves, H. E.; Arango-Guerra, H. L.; Patterson, B. D. (December 18, 2014). "Mustela africana (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". doi:10.1644/917.1
- Amazon weasel: Ramírez-Chaves, H. E.; Arango-Guerra, H. L.; Patterson, B. D. (December 18, 2014). "Mustela africana (Carnivora: Mustelidae)".
- Back-striped weasel: Stewart, Reynaud (2013). "Mustela strigidorsa". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
- Black-footed ferret: Hillman, Conrad N.; Clark, Tim W. (April 15, 1980). "Mustela nigripes". JSTOR 3503892.
- Colombian weasel: Chaves, Héctor E. Ramírez; Patterson, Bruce D. (August 8, 2014). "Mustela felipei (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". doi:10.1644/906.
- Egyptian weasel: "Mustela subpalmata". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- European mink: Heptner, Sludskii, pp. 1083–1084
- European polecat: Heptner, Sludskii, pp. 1114–1115
- Indonesian mountain weasel: Hunt, Amelia (2013). "Mustela lutreolina". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- Japanese weasel: Abramov, Alexei V. "On a taxonomic position of the weasel (Carnivora, Mustela) from the Cheju Island (South Korea)". Russian Journal of Theriology. 4 (2): 112.
- Least weasel: Heptner, Sludskii, pp. 970–972
- Long-tailed weasel: Newell, Toni Lynn (2002). "Mustela frenata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- Malayan weasel: Kohlmann, Jodie (2014). "Mustela nudipes". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- Mountain weasel: Ellen, Sherrill (2002). "Mustela altaica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- Siberian weasel: Kreutzer, Jason (2003). "Mustela sibirica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- Steppe polecat: Heptner, Sludskii, pp. 1142–1143
- Stoat: Loso, Heather (1999). "Mustela erminea". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- Yellow-bellied weasel: Bandner, Kerstin (2002). "Mustela kathiah". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Mustela habitats and diets:
- Amazon weasel: Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Mustela africana".
- Back-striped weasel: Roberton, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Dinets, V. (2016). "Mustela strigidorsa". .
- Black-footed ferret: Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R. G.; Hughes, J. P. (2015). "Mustela nigripes". .
- Colombian weasel: González-Maya, J. F.; Emmons, L.; Helgen, K.; Arias-Alzate, AAA (2016). "Mustela felipei". .
- Egyptian weasel: McDonald, R. A.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mustela subpalmata". .
- European mink: Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Gomez, A.; Põdra, M.; Abramov, A. V.; Dinets, V. (2016). "Mustela lutreola". .
- European polecat: Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J. D. S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R.; Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". .
- Indonesian mountain weasel: Duckworth, J. W.; Holden, J.; Eaton, J.; Meijaard, E.; Long, B.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela lutreolina". .
- Japanese weasel: Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela itatsi". .
- Least weasel: McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Krytufek, B.; Reid, F. (2016). "Mustela nivalis". .
- Long-tailed weasel: Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). "Mustela frenata". .
- Malayan weasel: Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2015). "Mustela nudipes". .
- Mountain weasel: Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mustela altaica". .
- Siberian weasel: Abramov, A. V.; Duckworth, J. W.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Timmins, R.J.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B.; Dinets, V. (2016). "Mustela sibirica". .
- Steppe polecat: Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela eversmanii". .
- Stoat: Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". .
- Yellow-bellied weasel: Willcox, D. H. A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Chan, B.; Lau, M.; Roberton, S. (2016). "Mustela kathiah". .
- ^ Neovison sizes:
- American mink: Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison".
- Sea mink: Helgen, K.; Turvey, S. T. (2016). "Neovison macrodon". .
- ^ a b Neovison habitats and diets:
- American mink: Heptner, Sludskii, pp. 1397–1399
- Sea mink: Seton, p. 562
- ^ Shefferly, Nancy (1999). "Taxidea taxus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved December 16, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c d e f g Nowak, Walker, pp. 92–113
- ^ .
- ^ Arctocephalus sizes:
- South American fur seal: Cárdenas-Alayza, S.; Oliveira, L.; Crespo, E. (2016). "Arctocephalus australis".
- New Zealand fur seal: Landgren, Dorothy (2013). "Arctocephalus forsteri". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- Galápagos fur seal: Trillmich, F. (2015). "Arctocephalus galapagoensis". .
- Antarctic fur seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2016). "Arctocephalus gazella". .
- Juan Fernández fur seal: Handysides, Daniel (2004). "Arctocephalus philippii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- Brown fur seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2015). "Arctocephalus pusillus". .
- Guadalupe fur seal: Aurioles-Gamboa, D. (2015). "Arctocephalus townsendi". .
- Subantarctic fur seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2015). "Arctocephalus tropicalis". .
- ^ a b Arctocephalus habitats and diets:
- South American fur seal: Cárdenas-Alayza, S.; Oliveira, L.; Crespo, E. (2016). "Arctocephalus australis".
- New Zealand fur seal: Chilvers, B. L.; Goldsworthy, S. D. (2015). "Arctocephalus forsteri". .
- Galápagos fur seal: Trillmich, F. (2015). "Arctocephalus galapagoensis". .
- Antarctic fur seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2016). "Arctocephalus gazella". .
- Juan Fernández fur seal: Aurioles-Gamboa, D. (2015). "Arctocephalus philippii". .
- Brown fur seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2015). "Arctocephalus pusillus". .
- Guadalupe fur seal: Aurioles-Gamboa, D. (2015). "Arctocephalus townsendi". .
- Subantarctic fur seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2015). "Arctocephalus tropicalis". .
- ^ .
- ^ Keranen, Danielle (2013). "Eumetopias jubatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Zalophus sizes:
- California sea lion: "California Sea Lion". National Geographic. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- Japanese sea lion: Lowry, L. (2017) [amended version of 2015 assessment]. "Zalophus japonicus".
- Galápagos sea lion: "Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
- ^ a b Zalophus habitats and diets:
- California sea lion: Aurioles-Gamboa, D.; Hernández-Camacho, J. (2015). "Zalophus californianus".
- Japanese sea lion: Lowry, L. (2017) [amended version of 2015 assessment]. "Zalophus japonicus". .
- Galápagos sea lion: Trillmich, F. (2015). "Zalophus wollebaeki". .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Berry, Ben; Townsend, Kelsey (2012). "Histriophoca fasciata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Burnie, Wilson (2017), p. 184
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Mirounga sizes:
- Northern elephant seal, Southern elephant seal: Nowak, Walker, pp. 92–113
- ^ a b Mirounga habitats and diets:
- Northern elephant seal: Hückstädt, L. (2015). "Mirounga angustirostris".
- Southern elephant seal: Hofmeyr, G. J. G. (2015). "Mirounga leonina". .
- ^ a b Würsig, pp. 533–534, 741
- ^ .
- ^ Neomonachus sizes:
- Hawaiian monk seal, Caribbean monk seal: Würsig, pp. 533–534, 741; Nowak, Walker, pp. 92–113
- ^ a b Neomonachus habitats and diets:
- Hawaiian monk seal: Littnan, C.; Harting, A.; Baker, J. (2015). "Neomonachus schauinslandi".
- Caribbean monk seal: Lowry, L. (2015). "Neomonachus tropicalis". .
- ^ .
- ^ McKenna, Alison (2009). "Pagophilus groenlandicus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Phoca sizes:
- Spotted seal, Harbor seal: Würsig, pp. 533–534, 741
- ^ a b Phoca habitats and diets:
- Spotted seal: Boveng, P. (2016). "Phoca largha".
- Harbor seal: Harvey, J. (2016). "Phoca vitulina ssp". .
- ^ Pusa sizes:
- Caspian seal: Easley-Appleyard, Bonnie (2006). "Pusa caspica". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved November 16, 2020.
- Ringed seal: Spicer, Rebekah (2013). "Pusa hispida". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
- Baikal seal: Goodman, S. (2016). "Pusa sibirica".
- ^ a b Pusa habitats and diets:
- Caspian seal: Goodman, S.; Dmitrieva, L. (2016). "Pusa caspica".
- Ringed seal: Lowry, L. (2016). "Pusa hispida". .
- Baikal seal: Goodman, S. (2016). "Pusa sibirica". .
- ^ Bassaricyon sizes:
Helgen, K. M.; Pinto, M.; Kays, R.; Helgen, L.; Tsuchiya, M.; Quinn, A.; Wilson, D.; Maldonado, J. (August 15, 2013). "Taxonomic revision of the olingos (Bassaricyon), with description of a new species, the Olinguito". PMID 24003317.
- ^ a b Bassaricyon habitats and diets:
- Eastern lowland olingo: Helgen, K.; Kays, R.; Pinto, C.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Bassaricyon alleni".
- Northern olingo: Helgen, K.; Kays, R.; Pinto, C.; González-Maya, J. F.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Bassaricyon gabbii". .
- Western lowland olingo: Helgen, K.; Kays, R.; Pinto, C.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Bassaricyon medius". .
- Olinguito: Helgen, K.; Kays, R.; Pinto, C.; Schipper, J.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). "Bassaricyon neblina". .
- ^ Bassariscus sizes:
- Cacomistle: Lundrigan, Barbara; Zachariah, Trevor (2001). "Bassariscus sumichrasti". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- Ring-tailedcat: Goldberg, Jeffrey (2003). "Bassariscus astutus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Bassariscus habitats and diets:
- Cacomistle: Pino, J.; Samudio Jr, R.; González-Maya, J. F.; Schipper, J. (2016). "Bassariscus sumichrasti".
- Ring-tailedcat: Reid, F.; Schipper, J.; Timm, R. (2016). "Bassariscus astutus". .
- ^ Nasua sizes:
- South American coati: Braddy, Sarah (2003). "Nasua nasua". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- White-nosed coatisize: Hirsch, Ben (June 16, 2015). "Nasua narica (white-nosed coati)". Invasive Species Compendium. Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International. Retrieved February 27, 2020.
- ^ a b Nasua habitats and diets:
- South American coati: Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Nasua nasua".
- White-nosed coati: Cuarón, A. D.; Helgen, K.; Reid, F.; Pino, J.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). "Nasua narica". .
- ^ Nasuella sizes:
- Eastern mountain coati: Helgen, Kristofer; Kays, Roland; Helgen, Lauren; Nunes Tsuchiya, Mirian Tieko; Pinto, C.; Koepfli, Klaus; Eizirik, Eduardo; Maldonado, Jesús (2009). "Taxonomic boundaries and geographic distributions revealed by an integrative systematic overview of the mountain coatis, Nasuella (Carnivora: Procyonidae)". Small Carnivore Conservation. 41: 65–74.
- Western mountain coati: Hogue, Tauno (2003). "Nasuella olivacea". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Nasuella habitats and diets:
- Eastern mountain coati: González-Maya, J. F.; Arias-Alzate, A. A. A. (2016). "Nasuella meridensis".
- Western mountain coati: González-Maya, J. F.; Reid, F.; Helgen, K. (2016). "Nasuella olivacea". .
- ^ Eisenberg, Redford, pp. 289–290
- ^ .
- ^ Procyon sizes:
- Cozumel raccoon: de Villa-Meza, A.; Avila-Flores, Rafael; Cuaron, Alfredo D.; Valenzuela-Galvan, David (2011). "Procyon pygmaeus (Carnivora: Procyonidae)". doi:10.1644/877.1
- Cozumel raccoon: de Villa-Meza, A.; Avila-Flores, Rafael; Cuaron, Alfredo D.; Valenzuela-Galvan, David (2011). "Procyon pygmaeus (Carnivora: Procyonidae)".
- Crab-eating raccoon: Phillips, Nicole (2005). "Procyon cancrivorus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- Raccoon: Dewey, Tanya; Fox, Rebecca (2001). "Procyon lotor". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Procyon habitats and diets:
- Cozumel raccoon: Cuarón, A. D.; de Grammont, P. C.; McFadden, K. (2016). "Procyon pygmaeus".
- Crab-eating raccoon: Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). "Procyon cancrivorus". .
- Raccoon: Timm, R.; Cuarón, A. D.; Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). "Procyon lotor". .
- ^ Bies, LeeAnn (2002). "Ailuropoda melanoleuca". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ "Physical Description". Knowledge Hub. World Wide Fund for Nature. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ a b Swaisgood, R.; Wang, D.; Wei, F. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Ailuropoda melanoleuca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T712A121745669.
- ^ "Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ "Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
- ^ Brown, p. 340
- ^ .
- ^ "Sloth Bear". The Photo Ark. National Geographic. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original on March 11, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Ursus sizes:
- American black bear: Dewey, Tanya; Kronk, Christine (2007). "Ursus americanus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- Brown bear: "Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics". San Diego Zoo Global Library. San Diego Zoo. October 15, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
- Polar bear: "Polar Bear". The Photo Ark. National Geographic. September 10, 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- Asian black bear: Goodness, Tracie (2004). "Ursus thibetanus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved March 24, 2020.
- ^ a b Ursus habitats and diets:
- American black bear: Garshelis, D. L.; Scheick, B. K.; Doan-Crider, D. L.; Beecham, J. J.; Obbard, M. E. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Ursus americanus".
- Brown bear: McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D.; Michel, S. (2017) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Ursus arctos". .
- Polar bear: Wiig, Ø.; Amstrup, S.; Atwood, T.; Laidre, K.; Lunn, N.; Obbard, M.; Regehr, E.; Thiemann, G. (2015). "Ursus maritimus". .
- Asian black bear: Garshelis, D.; Steinmetz, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Ursus thibetanus". .
- ^ Lundrigan, Barbara; Zachariah, Trevor (2000). "Cryptoprocta ferox". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c d e Walker, Nowak, pp. 766–769
- ^ a b Eupleres habitats and diets:
- Eastern falanouc: Hawkins, F. (2016). "Eupleres goudotii".
- Western falanouc: Hawkins, F. (2016). "Eupleres major". .
- ^ Hyatt, Evan (2002). "Fossa fossana". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Galidictis sizes:
- Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose: Burrell, Michele (2005). "Galidictis fasciata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- Grandidier's mongoose: Walker, Nowak, pp. 766–769
- ^ a b Galidictis habitats and diets:
- Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose: Hawkins, F. (2016). "Galidictis fasciata".
- Grandidier's mongoose: Hawkins, F. (2015). "Galidictis grandidieri". .
- ^ .
- ^ Rasolofoniaina, B.; Razafy, P.; Andrianarimisa, A.; Razafimahatratra, E.; Kappeler, P. M. (2019). "Feeding ecology of bokiboky, Mungotictis decemlineata (Family Eupleridae)" (PDF). Malagasy Nature (13): 152–161.
- ^ Salanoia sizes:
- Brown-tailedmongoose: Nowak, Walker, p. 207
- Durrell's vontsira: Durbin, J.; Funk, S. M.; Hawkins, F.; Hills, D. M.; Jenkins, P. D.; Moncrieff, C. B.; Ralainasolo, F. B. (2010). "Investigations into the status of a new taxon of Salanoia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Eupleridae) from the marshes of Lac Alaotra, Madagascar". Systematics and Biodiversity. 8 (3): 341–355. S2CID 84480153.
- ^ a b Salanoia habitats and diets:
- Brown-tailedmongoose: Hawkins, F. (2016). "Salanoia concolor".
- Durrell's vontsira: Durbin, J.; Funk, S. M.; Hawkins, F.; Hills, D. M.; Jenkins, P. D.; Moncrieff, C. B.; Ralainasolo, F. B. (2010). "Investigations into the status of a new taxon of Salanoia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Eupleridae) from the marshes of Lac Alaotra, Madagascar". Systematics and Biodiversity. 8 (3): 341–355. S2CID 84480153.
- ^ "CatSG: Cheetah". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Caracal sizes:
- African golden cat: "CatSG: African Golden Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 19, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Caracal: "CatSG: Caracal". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on September 11, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Caracal habitats and diets:
- African golden cat: Bahaa-el-din, L.; Mills, D.; Hunter, L.; Henschel, P. (2015). "Caracal aurata".
- Caracal: Avgan, B.; Henschel, P.; Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". .
- ^ Catopuma sizes:
- Asian golden cat: "CatSG: Asiatic Golden Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Bay cat: "CatSG: Borneo Bay Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Catopuma habitats and diets:
- Asian golden cat: McCarthy, J.; Dahal, S.; Dhendup, T.; Gray, T. N. E.; Mukherjee, S.; Rahman, H.; Boontua, N.; Wilcox, D. (2015). "Catopuma temminckii".
- Bay cat: Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Loken, B.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Catopuma badia". .
- ^ Felis sizes:
- African wildcat: "CatSG: African wildcat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Black-footed cat: "CatSG: Black-footed cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Chinese mountain cat: "CatSG: Chinese mountain cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Domestic cat: Nowak, Walker p. 237
- European wildcat: "CatSG: European wildcat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 19, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Jungle cat: "CatSG: Jungle cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 30, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Sand cat: "CatSG: Sand cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Felis habitats and diets:
- African wildcat: Yamaguchi, N.; Kitchener, A.; Driscoll, C.; Nussberger, B. (2015). "Felis silvestris".
- Black-footed cat: Sliwa, A.; Wilson, B.; Küsters, M.; Tordiffe, A. (2016). "Felis nigripes". .
- Chinese mountain cat: Riordan, P.; Sanderson, J.; Bao, W.; Sanderson, A.; Shi, K. (2015). "Felis biet". .
- Domestic cat: Invasive Species Specialist Group (2006). "Ecology of Felis catus". Global Invasive Species Database. Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature. Archivedfrom the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- European wildcat: Herrmann, M.; Kitchener, A.; Meinig, H.; Stubbe, M.; Fernandes, M.; Conroy, J.; Giannatos, G.; Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Olszanska, A. (2017). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T60354712A112955994.
- Jungle cat: Gray, T. N. E.; Timmins, R. J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J. W.; Baral, H.; Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". .
- Sand cat: Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M.; Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". .
- ^ "CatSG: Jaguarundi". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on September 21, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Leopardus sizes:
- Ocelot: "CatSG: Ocelot". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Oncilla: "CatSG: Northern Tiger Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Pampas cat: "CatSG: Pampas Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Kodkod: "CatSG: Guiña". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Margay: "CatSG: Margay". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Geoffroy's cat: "CatSG: Geoffroy's Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on January 19, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Andean mountain cat: "CatSG: Andean Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on August 3, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Southern tiger cat: "CatSG: Southern tiger cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Leopardus habitats and diets:
- Ocelot: Paviolo, A.; Crawshaw, P.; Caso, A.; de Oliveira, T.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A.; Kelly, M.; De Angelo, C.; Payan, E. (2015). "Leopardus pardalis".
- Oncilla: Payan, E.; de Oliveira, T. (2016). "Leopardus tigrinus". .
- Pampas cat: Lucherini, M.; Eizirik, E.; de Oliveira, T.; Pereira, J.; Williams, R. S. R. (2016). "Leopardus colocolo". .
- Kodkod: Napolitano, C.; Gálvez, N.; Bennett, M.; Acosta-Jamett, G.; Sanderson, J. (2015). "Leopardus guigna". .
- Margay: de Oliveira, T.; Paviolo, A.; Schipper, J.; Bianchi, R.; Payan, E.; Carvajal, S. V. (2015). "Leopardus wiedii". .
- Geoffroy's cat: Pereira, J.; Lucherini, M.; Trigo, T. (2015). "Leopardus geoffroyi". .
- Andean mountain cat: Villalba, L.; Lucherini, M.; Walker, S.; Lagos, N.; Cossios, D.; Bennett, M.; Huaranca, J. (2016). "Leopardus jacobita". .
- Southern tiger cat: de Oliveira, T.; Trigo, T.; Tortato, M.; Paviolo, A.; Bianchi, R.; Leite-Pitman, M. R. P. (2016). "Leopardus guttulus". .
- ^ "CatSG: Serval". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 24, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Lynx sizes:
- Bobcat: "CatSG: Bobcat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Canada lynx: "CatSG: Canada lynx". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Eurasian lynx: "CatSG: Eurasian lynx". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Iberian lynx: "CatSG: Iberian lynx". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Lynx habitats and diets:
- Bobcat: Kelly, M.; Morin, D.; Lopez-Gonzalez, C. A. (2016). "Lynx rufus".
- Canada lynx: Vashon, J. (2016). "Lynx canadensis". .
- Eurasian lynx: Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W.; Avgan, B. (2017). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T12519A121707666.
- Iberian lynx: Rodríguez, A.; Calzada, J. (2015). "Lynx pardinus". .
- ^ "CatSG: Pallas's Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ "CatSG: Marbled Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Prionailurus sizes:
- Leopard cat, Sunda leopard cat: "CatSG: Leopard Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Flat-headed cat: "CatSG: Flat-headed Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Fishing cat: "CatSG: Fishing Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Rusty-spotted cat: "CatSG: Rusty-spotted Cat". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on January 12, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Prionailurus habitats and diets:
- Leopard cat: Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis".
- Sunda leopard cat: Lorica, M. R. P.; Heaney, L. R. (2013). "Survival of a native mammalian carnivore, the leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis Kerr, 1792 (Carnivora: Felidae), in an agricultural landscape on an oceanic Philippine island". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 5 (10): 4451–4460. ISSN 0974-7907.
- Flat-headed cat: Wilting, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Lynam, A.; Mathai, J.; McCarthy, J.; Meijaard, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ross, J.; Sunarto, S.; Traeholt, C. (2015). "Prionailurus planiceps". .
- Fishing cat: Mukherjee, S.; Appel, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Sanderson, J.; Dahal, S.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Herranz Muñoz, V.; Malla, G.; Ratnayaka, A.; Kantimahanti, M.; Thudugala, A.; Thaung, R.; Rahman, H. (2016). "Prionailurus viverrinus". .
- Rusty-spotted cat: Mukherjee, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Silva, A.; Appel, A.; Kittle, A. (2016). "Prionailurus rubiginosus". .
- ^ "CatSG: Puma". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ .
- ^ Neofelis sizes:
- Clouded leopard: "CatSG: Mainland clouded leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Sunda clouded leopard: "CatSG: Sunda clouded leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Neofelis habitats and diets:
- Clouded leopard: Grassman, L.; Lynam, A.; Mohamad, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Bora, J.; Wilcox, D.; Ghimirey, Y.; Reza, A.; Rahman, H. (2016). "Neofelis nebulosa".
- Sunda clouded leopard: Hearn, A.; Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Haidir, I. A.; Loken, B.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; McCarthy, J. (2015). "Neofelis diardi". .
- ^ Panthera sizes:
- Jaguar: "CatSG: Jaguar". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Leopard: "CatSG: Leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Lion: "CatSG: African lion". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on December 11, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Snow leopard: "CatSG: Snow leopard". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Tiger: "CatSG: Tiger". International Union for Conservation of Nature Cat Specialist Group. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- ^ a b Panthera habitats and diets:
- Jaguar: Quigley, H.; Foster, R.; Petracca, L.; Payan, E.; Salom, R.; Harmsen, B. (2017). "Panthera onca".
- Leopard: Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I.; Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". .
- Lion: Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P.; Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". .
- Snow leopard: McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P.; McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". .
- Tiger: Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; .
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Van Rompaey, Colyn, pp. 326–381
- ^ .
- ^ a b Bdeogale habitats and diets:
- Bushy-tailed mongoose: White, P. A.; Fischer, C.; Hausser, Y.; Foley, C.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Bdeogale crassicauda".
- Jackson's mongoose: De Luca, W.; Rovero, F.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Bdeogale jacksoni". .
- Black-footed mongoose: Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Bdeogale nigripes". .
- ^ .
- ^ Herpestes sizes:
- Cape gray mongoose: Gibbons, Sarah (2014). "Galerella pulverulenta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 27, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
- Others: Hunter; Barrett, pp. 56–60
- ^ a b Herpestes habitats and diets:
- Angolan slender mongoose: Rapson, S.; Rathbun, G. B. (2015). "Herpestes flavescens".
- Egyptian Mongoose: Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A. H.; Gaubert, P.; Palomares, F. (2016). "Herpestes ichneumon". .
- Somalian slender mongoose: Taylor, M. E.; Do Linh San, E. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Herpestes ochraceus". .
- Cape gray mongoose: Do Linh San, E.; Cavallini, P. (2015). "Herpestes pulverulentus". .
- Slender mongoose: Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A. H. (2016). "Herpestes sanguineus". .
- ^ .
- ^ a b Stuart, Stuart, ch. Selous's Mongoose
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Urva sizes:
- Collared mongoose: Hunter, Barrett, pp. 56–60
- Crab-eating mongoose, Indian brown mongoose, Indian gray mongoose, Ruddy mongoose, Stripe-necked mongoose: Menon, ch. Carnivores
- Small Indian mongoose: Smith, Xie, et al., p. 415
- Short-tailed mongoose: Payne, Francis, Phillips, p. 287
- ^ a b Urva habitats and diets:
- Collared mongoose: Mathai, J.; Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Ross, J.; Holden, J.; Gemita, E.; Hon, J. (2015). "Herpestes semitorquatus".
- Crab-eating mongoose: Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2016) [errata version of 2015 assessment]. "Herpestes urva". .
- Indian brown mongoose: Mudappa, D.; Jathanna, D. (2015). "Herpestes fuscus". .
- Indian grey mongoose: Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". .
- Long-nosed mongoose: Ray, J.; Bahaa-el-din, L.; Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Herpestes naso". .
- Ruddy mongoose: Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes smithii". .
- Short-tailed mongoose: Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Herpestes brachyurus". .
- Javan mongoose: Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Ario, A. (2016). "Herpestes javanicus". .
- Stripe-necked mongoose: Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A.; Punjabi, G. A. (2016). "Herpestes vitticollis". .
- ^ .
- ^ Crossarchus sizes:
- Flat-headed kusimanse: Stuart, ch. Cusimanses
- Others: Van Rompaey, Colyn, pp. 326–381
- ^ a b Crossarchus habitats and diets:
- Alexander's kusimanse: Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus alexandri".
- Angolan kusimanse: Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus ansorgei". .
- Common kusimanse: Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Crossarchus obscurus". .
- Flat-headed kusimanse: Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Crossarchus platycephalus". .
- ^ .
- ^ Helogale sizes:
- Ethiopian dwarf mongoose: Dybas, Mitchell (2013). "Helogale hirtula". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.
- Common dwarf mongoose: Van Rompaey, Colyn, pp. 326–381
- ^ a b Helogale habitats and diets:
- Ethiopian dwarf mongoose: Do Linh San, E.; Hoffmann, M. (2015). "Helogale hirtula".
- Common dwarf mongoose: Sharpe, L.; Kern, J.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Helogale parvula". .
- ^ .
- ^ a b Mungos habitats and diets:
- Gambian mongoose: Sillero-Zubiri, C.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mungos gambianus".
- Banded mongoose: Gilchrist, J. S.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Mungos mungo". .
- ^ .
- ^ Law, Jason (2004). "Crocuta crocuta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ "Striped Hyena". San Diego Zoo. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ "Brown hyaena (Hyaena brunnea)". ARKive. Wildscreen. Archived from the original on June 5, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Stump, Meghan (2011). "Proteles cristata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Van Rompaey, Colyn, pp. 140–144
- ^ .
- ^ Nowak, Walker, p. 192
- ^ a b Prionodon habitats and diets:
- Banded linsang: Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Chutipong, W.; Brodie, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Prionodon linsang".
- Spotted linsang: Duckworth, J. W.; Lau, M.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Timmins, R. J.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Chan, B.; Long, B.; Roberton, S. (2016). "Prionodon pardicolor". .
- ^ Genetta sizes:
- Abyssinian genet, Angolan genet, Common genet, Crested servaline genet, Hausa genet, Rusty-spotted genet: Hunter, Barrett, pp. 82, 90–96
- Aquatic genet, Bourlon's genet, Cape genet, Giant forest genet, Johnston's genet, King genet, Pardine genet, Servaline genet: Van Rompaey, Colyn, pp. 218–248
- ^ a b Genetta habitats and diets:
- Abyssinian genet: Gaubert, P.; Duckworth, J. W.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta abyssinica".
- Angolan genet: Gaubert, P.; Fischer, C.; Hausser, Y.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta angolensis". .
- Aquatic genet: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta piscivora". .
- Bourlon's genet: Gaubert, P.; Greengrass, E. J.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta bourloni". .
- Cape genet: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta tigrina". .
- Crested servaline genet: Gaubert, P.; Angelici, F. M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta cristata". .
- Common genet: Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". .
- Giant forest genet: Gaubert, P.; Dinets, V.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta victoriae". .
- Hausa genet: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta thierryi". .
- Johnston's genet: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta johnstoni". .
- King genet: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta poensis". .
- Rusty-spotted genet: Angelici, F. M.; Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta maculata". .
- Pardine genet: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta pardina". .
- Servaline genet: Gaubert, P.; De Luca, D. W.; Rovero, F.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). "Genetta servalina". .
- ^ Poiana sizes:
- Central African oyan: Gillette, Corinna (2005). "Poiana richardsonii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- West African oyan: Hunter, Barrett, pp. 82, 90–96
- ^ a b Poiana habitats and diets:
- Central African oyan: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Poiana richardsonii".
- West African oyan: Gaubert, P.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Poiana leightoni". .
- ^ a b c Francis, pp. 313–316
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Van Rompaey, H.; Azlan, M. J. (2004). "Hose's Civet, Diplogale hosei" (PDF). Small Carnivore Conservation. 30: 18–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 26, 2012.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ Schleif, Molly (2013). "Arctictis binturong". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Bauer, Chris (2013). "Arctogalidia trivirgata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Hunter, Barrett, pp. 82, 90–96
- ^ .
- ^ Lundrigan, Barbara; Baker, Steve (2003). "Paguma larvata". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Paradoxurus sizes:
- Asian palm civet: Smith, Xie, et al., pp. 412–413
- Brown palm civet: Bodle, Jessica (2013). "Paradoxurus jerdoni". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- Golden palm civet: Hunter, Barrett, pp. 82, 90–96
- ^ a b Paradoxurus habitats and diets:
- Asian palm civet: Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Mudappa, D.; Rahman, H.; Widmann, P.; Wilting, A.; Xu, W. (2016). "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus".
- Brown palm civet: Mudappa, D.; Choudhury, A.; Punjabi, G. A. (2016). "Paradoxurus jerdoni". .
- Golden palm civet: Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D.; Pethiyagoda, R.; Woolgar, J.; de Silva Wijeyeratne, G.; Hall, J. (2016). "Paradoxurus zeylonensis". .
- ^ Shalu, Tuteja (2000). "Civettictis civetta". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Viverra sizes:
- Large-spotted civet, Large Indian civet: Smith, Xie, et al., pp. 412–413
- Malabar large-spotted civet Menon, ch. Malabar Civet
- Malayan civet: Lundrigan, Barbara; Harris, Julie (2000). "Viverra tangalunga". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ a b Viverra habitats and diets:
- Large-spotted civet: Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J. W.; WWF-Malaysia, Roberton; S., Gray; T. N. E., Willcox; D. H. A., Chutipong; W., Long; B. (2016). "Viverra megaspila".
- Large Indian civet: Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Ghimirey, Y.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Rahman, H.; Long, B.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Viverra zibetha". .
- Malabar large-spotted civet: Mudappa, D.; Helgen, K.; Nandini, R. (2016). "Viverra civettina". .
- Malayan civet: Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; Holden, J.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2016). "Viverra tangalunga". .
- ^ Walker, Nowak, p. 751
- ^ .
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