List of colonial universities in Hispanic America

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Privilege by Charles V granting the establishment of the University of San Marcos in Lima
(1551), the first officially established and the longest continuously operating university in the Americas.
San Antonio Abad in Cusco, Peru
.

The list of universities established in the

settlement of the Americas in 1492 to the Wars of Independence
in the early 19th century.

The transfer of the European university model to the overseas colonies in the Americas represented a decisive turning point in the educational history of the continents:

Nothing remotely resembling a university existed in the New World before Europeans arrived and settled there. Yet by the end of the eighteenth century, numerous universities and other institutions of higher education could be found in North, Central and South America. They had not been invented de novo; they were implants from the European university tradition and its stocks.[1]

The

privilege granting the right to confer academic degrees to the students. Usually a bestowment from both clerical and secular authorities was sought and achieved.[3] Universities were all subjected to the king's supervision, only San Nicolas in Bogotá held the status of a private university.[4]

The new foundations modeled their

faculties.[5] The influential first universities were founded in the viceroyalties centers Santo Domingo, Lima and Mexico City. When it became apparent that the vast distances of the Spanish realm required a greater geographical spread of universities, they contributed to the creation of further foundations.[6]

A key role in the development of the university system was played by the

Jesuit universities were reopened only decades later.[7]

The successful export of the university, a genuine European creation,

colonial colleges of the British territories appeared more vital.[9] Nevertheless, the Spanish universities in the Americas fulfilled their primary task, the education of the clerical and secular viceroyalty elite, and could thus assume an important function in aiding the development of the young republics after the separation from the motherland.[9]

In Portuguese Brazil, by contrast, no university existed far beyond the colonial period (the first was established as late as 1912 in Curitiba as University of Paraná).[10] The lower local demand for theological and legal specialists was largely met by Jesuit colegios, while students aspiring to higher education had to take up studies overseas at the University of Coimbra. Instead of universities for general studies, the Portuguese favored the creation of professional academies to respond to the local needs of technicians and skilled professionals, including creating the first school of higher studies in engineering of the Americas.[10]

List

The list is sorted by the date of recognition. At places where more than one university was established, the name of the institution is given in brackets.

16th century

Founded University Modern country
1538[6][11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino Dominican Republic
1551[11] National University of San Marcos Peru
1551[11][17] Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico Mexico
1552[18] La Plata o Charcas[uncertain 1] Bolivia
1558[11] Santo Domingo (Santiago de La Paz) Dominican Republic
1580[11] Saint Thomas Aquinas University Colombia
1586[18] Quito (San Fulgencio) Ecuador

17th century

Founded University Modern country
1613[11][19] National University of Córdoba Argentina
1621[18] Santiago (San Miguel) Chile
1621[18]
Cuzco
(San Ignacio de Loyola) 		Peru
1621[11]
University of Saint Francis Xavier
 Bolivia
1623[11]
Pontifical Xavierian University
 Colombia
1624[4][11] es:Real y Pontificia Universidad de Mérida (Yucatán) (in Spanish) Mexico
1676[11][18]
University of San Carlos of Guatemala
 Guatemala
1677[11] San Cristóbal of Huamanga University Peru
1681[11] Central University of Ecuador Ecuador
1685[11] Santiago (Rosario) Chile
1690[4][11]
National University of San Antonio Abad in Cuzco
 Peru
1694[4][18] Bogotá (San Nicolás) Colombia
1696[11] Central University of Ecuador Ecuador

18th century

Founded University Modern country
1721[11] University of Havana Cuba
1721[11] Central University of Venezuela Venezuela
1733[7] Asunción Paraguay
1738[11] Royal University of San Felipe Chile
1744[7][20] University of Cauca Colombia
1749[11] es:Universidad de San Francisco Javier (Panamá) Panama
1749[18] es:Universidad Pencopolitana Chile
1791[11] University of Guadalajara Mexico

19th century

Founded University Modern country
1806[11]
University of the Andes, Venezuela
 Venezuela
1812[11] National Autonomous University of Nicaragua Nicaragua
1828[11]
National University of Saint Augustine
Perú

See also

  • List of universities in South America
  • History of European research universities

Notes

  1. ^ University status open to dispute


References

  1. ^ Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, p. 256
  2. ^ a b Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 218f.
  3. ^ Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, p. 216
  4. ^ a b c d Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, p. 219
  5. ^ a b c Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, p. 215
  6. ^ a b Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, p. 218
  7. ^ a b c Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, p. 220
  8. ^ Rüegg 1993, pp. 13f.
  9. ^ a b c Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 231f.
  10. ^ a b Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 220f.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Jílek 1984, pp. 325–339
  12. ^ "Historia - UASD". 27 January 2021.
  13. ^ La Historia de las Universidades Hispanoamericanas: Período Hispano. Rodríguez Cruz, Águeda María. Bogotá, Colombia, Instituto Caro Y Cuervo, 1973.
  14. ^ AVR: Reg. Suppl., n. 2304, fol. 199. Facs.: BELTRÁN DE HEREDIA, La autenticidad de la bula “In apostulatus culmine” base de la Universidad de Santo Domingo, puesta fuera de discusión, 1955, entre págs. 40 y 41. Ed.: BELTRÁN DE HEREDIA, 1. c., págs. 41-43)
  15. ^ "In apostolatus culmine". 29 October 1538.
  16. ^ The Hispanic American Historical Review. Vol. 26, No. 4 (Nov., 1946), pp. 513-515
  17. ^ La Universidad Pontificia de México: [1]
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Tünnermann 1991, pp. 26, 35–38
  19. ^ Universidad Nacional de Córdoba: Orígenes Archived 2011-07-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  20. ^ Tünnermann 1991, p. 26

Sources

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