Roman Emperor Caligula was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the Praetorian Guard, senators, and courtiers, though the conspirators' attempt to use the opportunity to restore the Roman Republic
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, was deposed by a conspiracy of the Balkan army, which was led by a Thracian junior officer named Flavius Phocas and Maurice's seven sons. Most of the pro-Maurice government officials and generals were executed along with him (excepting Priscus and Philippicus
), and Phocas was acclaimed emperor in the church of St. John the Baptist.
610,
governor of north Africa. The exarch's son, Heraclius the Younger, deposed Phocas with the help of his cousin Niketas
of Romania was forced to abdicate by a political and military coalition.
1867
Haiti: General Sylvain Salnave, opponent of the deposed President Geffrard, seizes power and proclaims himself "Protector of the Republic" after pressure from a mutiny of his adherents[16]
Wilmington insurrection of 1898 (also known as the Wilmington coup and the Wilmington massacre) in the United States: White supremacists in Wilmington, North Carolina overthrew the biracial Fusionist
1904 Honduran coup d'état: On February 8, Manuel Bonilla, with the support of the American mercenary Lee Christmas, carries out a self-coup against the National Congress of Honduras.[22]
1905 Dominican self-coup attempt: On 24 December, Carlos Morales Languasco plans a self-coup, but only a fraction of Dominican forces had arrived following his order. The plot is discovered by the President's opponents, which leads to Languasco's resignation.[25]
1906
1906 Ecuadorian coup d'état: Under the pretext of saving the
Russian officers, bombarded and by that suppressed the Iranian parliament. Liakhov was subsequently made Military Governor of Tehran by the Shah of Persia, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
Goudi coup in Greece: A secret society of military officers called the Military League issued a pronunciamiento, resulting in the replacement of Prime Minister Dimitrios Rallis government and various reforms.
Sultan Ahmet Square to demand reestablishment of Sharia
. After a brief period of rival groups claiming to represent the legitimate government, the uprising was suppressed and the former government was ultimately restored.
Freedom and Accord Party coalition and introduced a military dictatorship, led by the Three Pashas
.
Mexico: During the
Francisco Madero
.
United Kingdom: During the
cabinet ministers and subjecting them to force-feeding, until they conceded women's suffrage.[29] After the publicization of the plans, the plans were aborted.[29]
United Kingdom: During the
WSPU had plans to create a suffragette "army" known as the "People's Training Corps" and informally as "Mrs Pankhurst's Army".[30] The army was intended to proceed in force to Downing Street to imprison ministers until they conceded women's suffrage.[30] After the discovery of the plans, they were aborted.[30]
1916
Lij Iyasu was deposed by a cabal of aristocrats in favor of his aunt Zewditu. Forces loyal to him were defeated at Segale, and Lij Iyasu wandered northwestern Ethiopia
with a small band of loyal followers until captured five years later.
(14–29 September 1923). The September Uprising (Bulgarian: Септемврийско въстание, Septemvriysko vastanie) was an armed insurgency staged in September 1923 by the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) under Comintern pressure and attempted to overthrow Alexander Tsankov's new government of Bulgaria that had come to power with the coup d'état of 9 June. Besides its communist base, the uprising was also supported by agrarians and anarchists. The uprising's goal was the "establishment of a government of workers and peasants" in Bulgaria.
Beer Hall Putsch in Germany: A failed coup was attempted by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler in Germany against the leaders of the Weimar Republic. The Nazis were repelled by police, and Hitler was later charged with treason.
Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt in Greece: Pro-royalist military officers attempted to stage a coup, and successfully took control of much of the Greek mainland. However, the government rallied its forces, and leaders Georgios Leonardopoulos and Panagiotis Gargalidis
were ultimately surrounded and forced to surrender.
1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt: Communists attempted a coup against the Estonian government, but their multiple attacks were repelled. Multiple organizers were executed; some escaped to the Soviet Union, but were later executed during the Great Purge
.
Ahmet Zogu government and established a leftist government led by Fan Noli
. On 24 December of that year, Zogu returned to power, and Noli and his government fled from the country.
1926 Lithuanian coup d'état: A military-organized coup resulted in the replacement of the democratically elected Lithuanian government with a conservative authoritarian government led by Antanas Smetona.
March Incident in Japan: The radical, ultranationalist Sakurakai secret society attempted to start large-scale riots in Tokyo, which instigators hoped would lead to martial law and then a coup d'état by the Imperial Japanese Army
. Two attempts to start riots failed, and the leaders of the plot were arrested.
October incident in Japan: The Sakurakai again plotted a coup, this time to be instigated by assassinations of key statesmen and officials. The plot was foiled by some of the plotters abandoning the effort, and leaks that reached the War Minister of Japan.
Preußenschlag in the Free State of Prussia in the Weimar Republic: Chancellor Franz von Papen successfully took over the Free State of Prussia, the largest constituent state of the Weimar Republic, by using an emergency decree issued by PresidentPaul von Hindenburg
St. John's, Newfoundland: On 5 April 1932, prompted by the Great Depression and corruption in the Squires administration, a peaceful protest degenerated into riots and violence. The riots led to the fall of the Squires government and the defeat of Squires's Liberal Party.[citation needed
]
1933
Uruguay: The president of Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, dissolved Parliament and headed a coup.
asserted that wealthy businessmen were plotting to create a fascist veterans' organization with Butler as its leader and use it in a coup d'état to overthrow Roosevelt. While historians have questioned whether or not a coup was actually close to execution, most agree that some sort of "wild scheme" was contemplated and discussed.
Bulgarian Army, overthrew the government of the wide Popular Bloc coalition and replaced it with one under Kimon Georgiev
.
1934 Lithuanian coup d'état attempt: Supporters of the former Prime Minister Augustinas Voldemaras attempted to overthrow the government of President Antanas Smetona
Mexico: In an internal coup, Lázaro Cárdenas deported and exiled President Plutarco Elías Calles, effectively ending Calles' control over the Mexican government.
Norway: The fascist politician Vidkun Quisling attempted to overthrow the Norwegian government in response to the German invasion of Denmark and Norway.
Legionnaires' Rebellion in Romania: Iron Guard paramilitaries (also known as Legionnaires) unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow ConducătorIon Antonescu
Third Reich in order to negotiate peace with the Allies
. The coup failed after it was found Hitler did not die in the bomb blast, and the Reserve Army began to refuse to take orders from the German resistance. 5,000 conspirators were given show trials and summarily executed.
King Michael's Coup in Romania: On 23 August, pro-German dictator Ion Antonescu was overthrown and KingMichael
of Romania switched the nation from the Axis side of the war to join the Allies.
Syria: In December, Adib Shishakli led a military coup. He kept al-Atassi as president, but arrested Sami al-Hinnawi to end Hashemite influence in Syria.
Manhattan Rebellion in Thailand: A coup attempt by officers of the Royal Thai Navy against the government of Prime Minister Plaek Phibunsongkhram failed on 29–30 June.
Silent Coup (also called the Radio Coup) in Thailand: The Army-led National Military Council announced the dissolution of parliament, reinstatement of the 1932 constitution, and formation of a provisional government on 29 November.
1957 coup in Thailand: A coup by members of the Royal Thai Army, under the command of Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat, resulted in the ouster and exile of Plaek Phibunsongkhram.
1959 Sudanese coup attempt: was on 9 November 1959 where a group of military officers attempted a coup to overthrow Lieutenant General Ibrahim Abboud. The coup attempt failed and conspirators were court martialled and the leaders were hanged.[44][45]
1960 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt: A group failed to overthrow Emperor Haile Selassie
during a state visit.
1960 Laotian coups: Phoumi Nosavan, who came to power after a coup the previous year, was overthrown in August 1960 by his former ally Kong Le. A three-way conflict ensued, and an attempt by Kouprasith Abhay to seize power from Kong Le failed. Following the Battle of Vientiane, Phoumi Nosavan regained power.
Coup of 29 March 1962 in Argentina: President Arturo Frondizi was overthrown by the military while abroad, and José María Guido
became president.
Yemen: A military coup in
North Yemen Civil War
.
1962 Ceylonese coup d'état attempt: Christian officers in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) failed to overthrow the government of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike
1963 Dominican coup d'état: The military overthrew President Juan Bosch in September 1963, only seven months into his term as the first democratically elected president in the Dominican Republic since 1924. Bosch was replaced by a junta until it was overthrown in 1965.[47]
1964 Gabonese coup d'état: Gabonese military officers overthrew President Léon M'ba and established a provisional government with Jean-Hilaire Aubame as president. The provisional government was toppled shortly afterwards with the help of France, and M'ba was reinstated.
was uncovered, and foiled before the coup could be carried out.
Houari Boumedienne
took power.
Indonesia: Members of the Indonesian National Armed Forces calling themselves the 30 September Movement began a coup attempt and assassinated six Indonesian Army generals. The attempted coup failed, and was blamed on the Communist Party of Indonesia, which led to a mass purge of actual and suspected members of the party and sympathizers. While who is behind the initial coup is still being debated, Major General Suharto took advantage of the chaos to exile First Indonesian President Sukarno and install a dictatorship that would last until 1998 a couple years later.[citation needed]
Second Mobutu coup in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in a bloodless coup after Parliament twice refused to confirm Évariste Kimba
1965 Laotian coups: Two simultaneous and independent January coups failed. One was led by General Phoumi Nosavan, who had participated in four prior coup attempts against the Royal Lao Government; the other was led by Colonel Bounleuth Saycocie.
Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu and Emmanuel Ifeajuna killed 22 people including the Prime Minister of Nigeria and many senior politicians and Army officers. The General Officer Commanding the Nigerian Army, Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
, was compelled to take control of the government.
Arturo Illia was overthrown by military forces supporting the leadership of General Juan Carlos Onganía
, who became de facto president.
1966 alleged Ceylonese coup d'état attempt (also known as the Bathroom coup): 31 suspects, including the commander of the army, were arrested for allegedly plotting to overthrow the government of Dudley Senanayake. They were later unanimously acquitted.[51]
1966 Laotian coup d'état: General Thao Ma, who wished to reserve the transports Royal Lao Air Force for strictly military use, was forced into exile by fellow generals angling to use the transports for smuggling opium and gold.
Saudi Arabia: A coup attempt against King Faisal failed.[52]
1967 coups in Sierra Leone: On 21 March, Brigadier David Lansana led a bloodless military coup against Prime Minister Siaka Stevens, who had taken office hours earlier after a closely contested election. Lansana declared himself interim leader, placing Stevens under house arrest and later releasing him, at which point Stevens went into exile. On 23 March, Brigadier Andrew Juxon-Smith led a group of military officers to seize control of the government, arrest Lansana, and suspend the constitution. They established the National Reformation Council and made Juxon-Smith the chairman.
Odumegwu Ojukwu
. The coup plot was uncovered by an informant, and Banjo and two other conspirators were executed on 22 September.
1969 Saudi Arabian coup d'état attempt: A failed coup d'état, planned by numerous high-ranking members of the Royal Saudi Air Force, resulted in King Faisal
ordering the arrest of hundreds of military officers.
Bolivia: A junta of commanders of the Bolivian army enact a coup, but the highly polarized military forces were split. President Alfredo Ovando Candía sought asylum in a foreign embassy, believing all hope was lost, but leftist military forces reasserted control under the leadership of General Juan José Torres. Embarrassed by his quick abandonment of the fight and exhausted by a grueling 13 months in office, Ovando agreed to leave the presidency in Torres's hands.
Mishima Incident in Japan: After barricading the headquarters of the Eastern Command of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and tying the commandant to a chair, Yukio Mishima, the leader of the Tatenokai, delivered a speech to soldiers gathered outside, intending to inspire a coup. After this failed, Mishima committed seppuku
Chile: With the United States Central Intelligence Agency strongly invested in Salvador Allende not coming to power in the 1970 Chilean presidential election, the CIA discussed several possible coup options.[53]
1971
1971 Turkish military memorandum: The Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces delivered a memorandum demanding the formation of a "strong and credible government, which will neutralise the current anarchical situation".
Thailand: Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn launched a self-coup against his own government, dissolving parliament and appointing himself Chairman of the National Executive Council.
Jaafar Nimeiry
. Several days later, Nimeiry loyalists enacted a counter-coup, toppling Atta's government and executing him.
Morocco: A coup attempt was organized by General Mohamed Medbouh and Colonel M'hamed Ababou and carried out by cadets during a diplomatic function at King Hassan II's summer palace in Rabat. The King and important guests were detained, and plotters took control of Rabat's radio station to say that the king had been killed and a republic had been founded. Royalist troops regained the palace and ended the coup attempt.
1973 Laotian coup d'état attempt: Exiled General Thao Ma took over a Laotian airfield and led air strikes on the office and home of General Kouprasith Abhay
in an attempt to stave off a communist coalition government in Laos. Royalist forces retook the airfield, and shot down and executed Thao Ma when he returned after the bombings, which had failed to kill Kouprasith.
Bolivia: Hugo Banzer solidifies his regime with a self-coup formulated in Supreme Decree 11947. A military-only government and ban on political activities are declared.
announced the formation of a new government with himself as leader.
3 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état: General Khaled Mosharraf
led a military coup to overthrown Khondaker Mostaq Ahmed, who had come to power in a coup months earlier.
7 November 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état: Left wing army personnel killed General Khaled Mosharraf and paved the way for Ziaur Rahman to take power. Rahman would go on to survive as many as 21 assassination and coup attempts
1975 Australian constitutional crisis (also known as "the Dismissal"): A constitutional crisis occurred in Australia. It has been referred to by some, including author John Pilger, as a "soft coup" due to allegations of involvement by British and American intelligence agencies in the removal of then-Prime Minister Gough Whitlam.[54][55][56]
1978 Somali coup d'état attempt: A group of military officials failed to overthrow President Siad Barre. Most of the plotters, including coup leader Colonel Mohamed Osman Irro, were summarily executed. However, some prominent officials, including Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, survived and formed the first resistance group against Barre known as the Somali Salvation Democratic Front.[60]
Operation Galaxia in Spain: A plot to stop the Spanish transition to democracy was planned for 17 November. However, some officers present at the planning informed their superiors, and the plan was thwarted.
Bolivia: After the annulment of a fraudulent election in which term-limited Hugo Banzer ensured the win of his surrogate, Juan Pereda, then denounced Pereda and blamed him for the rigged election, Pereda launched a coup and was sworn in as president. Pereda himself was overthrown several months later by David Padilla, who briefly served as president until new elections could be held.
Bolivia: Alberto Natusch enacted a coup against the interim government of Wálter Guevara, but resigned after just sixteen days. As a face-saving measure, Natusch secured an agreement that Guevara wouldn't return as president, and Lidia Gueiler became interim president.
1980 Surinamese coup d'état (also known as the Sergeants' Coup): A group of military officers, led by Dési Bouterse, overthrew the government of Prime Minister Henck Arron. The coup began a military dictatorship that lasted until 1991.
, who was in the United Kingdom. The attempt was quashed by the Senegalese armed forces.
Assassination of Ziaur Rahman in Bangladesh: A faction of officers of the Bangladesh Army succeeded in assassinating President Ziaur Rahman, who had survived many prior assassination attempts. The army suppressed the coup, and Vice President Abdus Sattar became acting president.
Suriname: Wilfred Hawker led an attempted coup against the government of Dési Bouterse, who had come to power in a coup the previous year. The coup failed, and Hawker was imprisoned and later executed.
1981 Seychelles coup d'état attempt (also known as the Seychelles affair or Operation Angela): A South African-orchestrated coup attempt failed to overthrow the government of Prime Minister France-Albert René in Seychelles and install the previous president James Mancham
1983 Upper Voltan coup attempt: A few months after the Somé-led coup deposed Zerbo, several army officers decided to kill members of the Council of Popular Salvation and restore Zerbo to power. The plotters were arrested before they were able to do so.
Grenada: In a military coup, Deputy Prime Minister Maurice Bishop was placed under house arrest. Bishop, who enjoyed popularity among the Grenadian population, was freed by supporters, and Bishop and some of his co-conspirators were executed. After the execution, the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA) formed a military Marxist government with General Hudson Austin as chairman. The United States invaded Grenada shortly after.
Romania: A tentative coup d'état planned in October 1984 failed when the military unit assigned to carry out the plan was sent to harvest maize instead.[65]
Bolivia: During an ultimately unsuccessful coup attempt, the military arrested President Hernán Siles Zuazo for ten hours.
The Carapintada uprising in Argentina: Lieutenant Colonel Aldo Rico and Carapintada followers took up arms to make demands of the Argentine government. However, the public was sensitive to any military demands following decades of coups, and rallied around Alfonsin.
1987 Philippine coup attempts
: Four attempted coups failed in the Philippines.
1987 Fijian coups d'état: Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka overthrew the government of Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra. After temporarily handing power to a council of ministers, in September that year, Rabuka seized control of the country again, deposed Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, and declared Fiji a republic.
1987 Burkinabé coup d'état: On 15 October, President Thomas Sankara was assassinated in a coup, and coup leader Captain Blaise Compaoré
Sierra Leone: On 23 March, police reported that a group of conspirators, including Vice President Francis Minah, was plotting to assassinate President Joseph Saidu Momoh and stage a coup after they raided a house in Freetown and discovered a cache of weapons, including rocket launchers. Minah and seventeen other alleged conspirators were convicted of treason and sentenced to death.
1988
State Law and Order Restoration Council
(SLORC) enacted a bloody military coup and imposed martial law.
Argentina: Aldo Rico, who had been imprisoned following a 1987 coup attempt, escaped prison and began a new attempt to overthrow President Raúl Alfonsín. Rico surrendered after a brief combat with the Argentinian army.
Argentina: Colonel Mohamed Alí Seineldín, backed by the Carapintadas, launched a coup attempt against President Alfonsin, but he and the other conspirators were jailed.
: A group of Maldivians, assisted by mercenaries, gained control of the capital and major government buildings, but the coup ultimately failed after intervention by Indian armed forces.
1989 Ethiopian coup attempt: On 16 May, while President Mengistu Haile Mariam was out of the country for a four-day state visit to East Germany, senior military officials attempted a coup and the Minister of Defense, Haile Giyorgis Habte Mariam, was killed. Mengistu quickly returned, and nine generals, including the air force commander and the army chief of staff, died as the coup was crushed.
1989 Panamanian coup attempt: Major Moisés Giroldi led a failed coup attempt, supported by a group of officers who had returned from a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Namibia. Although the plotters succeeded in capturing Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, the coup was quickly suppressed. Giroldi and nine others were executed, and another participant in the coup attempt died in prison after being tortured.
1990–1999
1990
1990 Nigerian coup d'état attempt: Major Gideon Orkar attempted to overthrow the government of General Ibrahim Babangida
. Though successful in seizing military posts, a radio station, and the presidential residence, Orkar and others involved in the coup were captured by government troops, convicted of treason, and later executed.
Republic of Afghanistan
. The coup attempt failed and Tanai was forced to flee to Pakistan.
Argentina: Mohamed Alí Seineldín and other Carapintadas made a second attempt at overthrowing the Argentine government, now led by President Carlos Menem. The coup failed, and Seineldín was sentenced to life imprisonment, which he served until his 2003 pardon.[66]
Libyan–backed rebel group under the leadership of General Idriss Déby, entered the Chadian capital N'Djamena
unopposed. After three months of provisional government, the MPS approved a national charter on 28 February 1991, with Déby as president.
1990 Surinamese coup d'état (also known as the Telephone Coup): Acting commander-in-chief of the Suriname National Army (SNL), Police Chief Ivan Graanoogst, dismissed President Ramsewak Shankar by telephone on 24 December. On 27 December, the government was dismissed, the National Assembly was dissolved, and Johan Kraag was appointed as president on 29 December. On 31 December, Dési Bouterse was reappointed as commander-in-chief of the SNL.
1992 Peruvian coup d'état: In a self-coup on 5 April, President Alberto Fujimori
dissolved the Peruvian congress and judiciary and assumed full legislative and judicial powers.
Peru: On 13 November, General Jaime Salinas Sedó led a group of military officers in attempting to overthrow President Fujimori, but was unsuccessful.
1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts: There were two unsuccessful coup attempts against Carlos Andrés Pérez, in February and November; the first led by Hugo Chávez
1993 Guatemalan constitutional crisis: President Jorge Serrano Elías unsuccessfully launched a self-coup, illegally suspending the constitution and dissolving Congress and the Supreme Court. Facing protests and international pressure, Serrano resigned the presidency and fled the country. He was briefly replaced by Vice President Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, but after Espina was found by the Supreme Court to have been involved in the coup, Congress replaced him with Ramiro de León Carpio.
1994 Gambian coup d'état: A group of soldiers led by Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh seized power in a bloodless coup on 22 July, ousting Dawda Jawara, who had been President of the Gambia since its independence in 1970.
1995
Azerbaijani military, led by Colonel Rovshan Javado, aimed to take control of the country from president Heydar Aliyev and reinstall former president Abulfaz Elchibey. The coup was foiled when the Turkish President Süleyman Demirel became aware of elements in Turkey supporting the plot, and called Aliyev to warn him. On 17 March, units of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces
surrounded the insurgents' camp and assaulted it, killing Colonel Javadov.
family who were still allies of Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, who had been deposed in a coup the prior year, organized a coup to overthrow Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani. However, the coup was discovered and thwarted.
1997 Turkish military memorandum (also known as the Post-modern coup): Military decisions issued in a National Security Council meeting on 28 February have been described as a coup. Although the parliament was not dissolved, the military pressure resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan.
May 1998 riots of Indonesia: Mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest throughout Indonesia, triggered by economic problems including food shortages and mass unemployment, eventually led to the resignation of President Suharto and the fall of the New Order.
1999
1999 Tashkent bombings: In addition to terrorist attacks in different parts of the capital of Uzbekistan, there was an attempt to assassinate Islam Karimov and an explosion at the Cabinet of Ministers building before the government meeting. Some, including in the government of Uzbekistan, called it an attempted coup by Islamist forces.
2000 Ecuadorean coup d'état: President Jamil Mahuad was deposed and replaced by Vice President Gustavo Noboa
.
2000 Fijian coup d'état: A civilian coup by hardline i-Taukei nationalists against the elected government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry occurred on 19 May. President Kamisese Mara attempted to assert executive authority on 27 May, but gave his resignation, possibly forced, on 29 May. An interim government headed by Commodore Frank Bainimarama was set up, and handed power over to an interim administration headed by Ratu Josefa Iloilo, as president, on 13 July.
2001 Burundian coup d'état attempt: A group of junior army officers attempted a coup against President Pierre Buyoya
, who was out of the country. The conspirators briefly occupied a state-run radio station before being removed by forces loyal to the president.
2001 Central African Republic coup d'état attempt: Commandos of the Central African Armed Forces attempted to overthrow President Ange-Félix Patassé
. The coup failed, though violence continued in the capital for several days after.
2002
Ivory Coast (also known as Côte d'Ivoire): A coup may have been attempted on 19 September, the first night of the First Ivorian Civil War. Former president Robert Guéï was killed; state government claimed it had happened as he attempted to lead a coup, but it was widely claimed that Guéï and fifteen others had been murdered in his home and his body moved.
2003 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt: Major Fernando Pereira launched a coup against the government of President Fradique de Menezes
. After a week with the Army in power, conspirators relinquished control following negotiations with the government.
Oakwood mutiny in the Philippines: A group of military defectors who came to be known as the Magdalo (mutineers) forcibly occupied the Oakwood Premier apartments and demanded the resignation of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and other officials. They relinquished the apartments about 20 hours later after negotiations.
2004 Chadian coup d'état attempt: A coup attempt against President Idriss Déby
was suppressed after a brief exchange of fire.
2004 Equatorial Guinea coup d'état attempt (also known as the Wonga Coup): A plot was developed to replace President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo with exiled opposition politician, Severo Moto Nsá
. However, the mercenaries who had been hired by mostly British financiers were arrested in Zimbabwe before they could carry out the plot.
Coup in Madagascar: the army seized one of the presidential palaces on 16 March 2009, at which president Marc Ravalomanana was not present. The proposal offered by the president for a referendum to solve the crisis was rejected. On 17 March 2009, Marc Ravalomanana resigned under pressure from the military.
In
Manuel Zelaya Rosales due to his endeavor for an unconstitutional reelection and extradited him from the country. The 23-nation Rio Group & the United Nations General Assembly condemned the coup d'état.[76][77]
On 24 April 2009, the
Ethiopian government claimed, through the Ethiopian News Agency, that it had foiled a coup attempt led by members of Ginbot 7 to overthrow the government.[78] Ginbot 7 described the allegation that it had attempted a coup as a "baseless accusation" that fitted a pattern of distraction and scapegoating by the government.[79]
2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état: Harare, Zimbabwe. In the early hours of 15 November 2017, an army spokesman announced the military takeover of government. This was after the army had seized control of the state run television broadcasting station. During the night before they had stormed the president's private residence and placed the head of state, President Robert Mugabe under house arrest. The military police also captured and detained some cabinet ministers whom they labelled criminals around the president. It would succeed with the resignation of Mugabe on 21 November 2017.[99]
In December an attempted coup against the government in Equatorial Guinea.[100]
2018
2018 Yemeni coup d'état
2019
Ali Bongo
. Gabon's government later declared that it had reasserted control.
popular protests
.
2019 Amhara Region coup d'état attempt: On 22 June 2019, factions of the security forces of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
, attempted a coup against the regional government after a series of assassinations.
As early as January 2021, several European security officials described the events as an attempted coup.[110]Federal JudgeDavid O Carter ruled that Trump's efforts to overturn the election were a "coup in search of a legal theory".[107] In a televised hearing on 9 June 2022, Congressman Bennie Thompson, Chair of the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack, described Trump's campaign to overturn the 2021 presidential election as an attempted coup.[111] On 4 January 2021, Steve Bannon stated on The War Room podcast, while discussing the planning for the upcoming events and speech by Trump on 6 January at The Ellipse, said: "Live from our nation's capital, you're in the field headquarters of one of the small divisions of the bloodless coup."[112][113]
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and after the dismissal of the first deputy-head of army.[116]
2021 Nigerien coup d'état attempt: On 31 March, elements within the military attempted a coup. After gunfire at the presidential palace, Presidential Guard fended off the attack and many of its alleged perpetrators were later detained.[117][118]
Hamzah bin Hussein, for involvement in an attempted coup.[119]
2021 Malian coup d'état: On 24 May, the president, prime minister, and defense minister of Mali were detained by the military.[120]
October–November 2021 Sudanese coup d'état: On 25 October, the military forces of Sudan launched a successful coup against the government. The prime minister Abdalla Hamdok was arrested, the government was dissolved and a state of emergency was declared by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.[123] Hamdok was later reinstated in November but resigned in 2022 amid continuing protests.[124]
2021 Ukrainian coup d'état attempt: In November 2021, top Ukrainian government officials outlined allegations of a plot to overthrow the government of Ukraine which was to take place in early December. The coup plot was allegedly orchestrated by Russia. Some months later, Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine, with the toppling of the Ukrainian government being one of its objectives.[125]
2022 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état attempt: A coup d'état was attempted in Guinea-Bissau on 1 February 2022. President Umaro Sissoco Embalo said that "many" members of the security forces had been killed in a "failed attack against democracy".[127]
2022 Ukrainian coup d'état attempt: Russian intelligence agency FSB and recruited ATO veterans were set to take control of various Ukrainian cities, install pro-Russian leaders in them and transfer those cities to the Russian army during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, as plans for coup were discovered by Ukrainian authorities, people who were set to participate in it were detained by SBU.[128][129]
2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt: The 2022 São Tomé and Príncipe coup d'état attempt was an attempted coup d'état that is reported to have taken place on the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe overnight on 24–25 November 2022.[131]
German far-right extremist Reichsbürger movement.[134] The group aimed to re-establish a monarchist government in Germany in the tradition of the German Reich, with the government being similar to the German Empire. The group allegedly wanted to provoke chaos and a civil war in Germany so that it could take power.[135]
impeachment proceedings by the legislative body, which would have been the third impeachment attempt against the President in less than 2 years. Due to broadly interpreted wording in the 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress can impeach the President of Peru for "moral incapacity", among other causes, while the president can legally dissolve congress only if two cabinets have been denied a vote of confidence.[136][137]
Ali Bongo Ondimba's declaration of victory, soldiers from the presidential guard announced the cancellation of the election, and the "dissolution of the regime".[155][156]
2023 Burkina Faso coup d'état attempt: An attempted overthrow of the ruling junta by members of the military failed.[157][158]
^Ehsan Yar-Shater (1982). Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 2. Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 165. Uzun Ḥasan successfully resumed the war with the Qara Qoyunlū and in the autumn of 856/1452 seized Āmed in a bloodless coup while Jahāngīr was away on a military expedition in Kurdistan.
^Costeloe, M. P. (2002). The Central Republic in Mexico, 1835-1846: 'Hombres de Bien' in the Age of Santa Anna. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Pg.256-261
^Hudson, Rex A.; Hanratty, Dennis M., eds. (1989). "Political Instability and Economic Decline, 1839–79". Bolivia: A Country Study. countrystudies.us (Report). Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office for the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 5 November 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
^Peyton, Buddy; Bajjalieh, Joseph; Shalmon, Dan; Martin, Michael; Bonaguro, Jonathan (2021): Cline Center Coup D’état Project Dataset. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-9651987_V3
^"Picking up the Pieces in the Central African Republic". 29 January 2021. The government is deeply aggrieved at the perceived failure of some opposition leaders to clearly distance themselves from the coup attempt mounted by Bozizé
^"Coup-Proofing: Russia's Military Blueprint to Securing Resources in Africa". 10 March 2021. These forces, joined by Rwandan troops, MINUSCA, and the country's Russian-trained military, retook three towns and major roads near the capital, successfully repelling the coup and allowing the election to move forward
^ abEastman v Thompson, et. al., 8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260, 44 (S.D. Cal. 28 May 2022) ("The illegality of the plan was obvious. Our nation was founded on the peaceful transition of power, epitomized by George Washington laying down his sword to make way for democratic elections. Ignoring this history, President Trump vigorously campaigned for the Vice President to single-handedly determine the results of the 2020 election. (p 36) * * * Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower—it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation’s government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process. (p 44)").
^"Thompson & Cheney Opening Statements at Select Committee Hearing". 9 June 2022. Retrieved 11 June 2022. Any legal jargon you hear about 'seditious conspiracy', 'obstruction of an official proceeding', 'conspiracy to defraud the United States' boils down to this: January 6th was the culmination of an attempted coup. A brazen attempt, as one rioter put it shortly after January 6th, to overthrow the Government. Violence was no accident. It represented Trump's last stand, most desperate chance to halt the transfer of power.
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