List of dynasties

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of dynasties and dynastic regimes in the context of monarchy organized by geographic region. Extant dynasties are rendered in bold and highlighted.

General information

Criteria for inclusion

This list includes defunct and extant monarchical dynasties of sovereign and non-sovereign statuses at the national and subnational levels. Monarchical polities each ruled by a single family—that is, a dynasty, although not explicitly styled as such, like the Golden Horde and the Qara Qoyunlu—are included. Dynasties had/have assumed power in various types of monarchical entities, from loose hereditary tribal units to multinational dynastic empires.

While most dynasties were/are reckoned through the male line, the relatively uncommon cases of dynasties formed through matrilineal succession, such as the Rain Queen dynasty, are also listed.

Although thrones could theoretically be rotated among several families in elective monarchies, some entities consistently elected/elect their rulers from the same family, effectively functioning as hereditary monarchies controlled by dynasties. For example, the Holy Roman Empire was de jure an elective monarchy, but came under the de facto hereditary rule of the House of Habsburg from AD 1440 to AD 1740, and is therefore listed as such in the "Germany" section.

This list also includes monarchical regimes whose ruling houses became extinct or were removed from power after having produced only one monarch, but would otherwise have been dynastic in their throne successions. For instance, whereas the Thonburi Kingdom had only one ruler, it would likely have produced a series of monarchs from the same ruling clan had the throne not been usurped by the Chakri dynasty; the Thonburi Kingdom is thus included under the "Thailand (Siam)" section.

Where possible, descendants of overthrown dynasties and pretenders are also listed. For instance, the House of Plantagenet laid claim to the throne of the Kingdom of Sicily between AD 1254 and AD 1263, and is thus listed under the "Italy" section. Likewise, the Osmanoğlu family is descended from the Ottoman dynasty, and is therefore included in the "Anatolia (Asia Minor)" section.

Entries in each section are sorted by the start year and end year of their rule, irrespective of the exact dates. Dynasties with unverifiable or disputed periods of rule are listed after those with reign periods that are generally agreed upon by scholars. In cases wherein several dynasties are typically grouped together in conventional historiography, such as the Northern and Southern dynasties of China, they are listed as such for ease of reference.

Houses of nobility with no territorial holdings (and thus were/are not monarchical dynasties in their own right), like the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and the House of Jocelyn; dynasties of micronations, like the Bertoleoni dynasty; dynasties of religious sects, like the Nusaybah family and the Slonim dynasty; political families, like the Roosevelt family and the Chiang family; family dictatorships, like the Mount Paektu bloodline and the Duvalier dynasty; and dynastic military regimes, like the Choe clan and the Ashikaga shogunate, are not included.

Nomenclature

A dynasty may be known by more than one name, either due to differences between its official and historiographical denominations, and/or due to the existence of multiple official and/or historiographical names. For example, the Amorian dynasty is also referred to as the "Phrygian dynasty".

Due to variations in romanization, the name of a dynasty may be rendered differently depending on the source. For instance, the Qing dynasty is also written as "Ch῾ing dynasty" using the Wade–Giles romanization.

In layman and academic parlance, the name of a dynasty is often affixed before the common name of a state in reference to a state under the rule of a particular dynasty. For example, whereas the official name of the realm ruled by the Qajar dynasty was the "Sublime State of Iran", the domain is commonly known as "Qajar Iran".

Period of rule

The year of establishment and/or the year of collapse of a dynasty may be unknown or remain contentious among scholars. In the latter cases, only an approximate time frame will be given. For example, the Deva dynasty is believed to have ruled during the 12th and 13th centuries AD, but the exact dates are disputed.

The year of establishment and/or the year of collapse of a dynasty could differ from its period of rule over a particular realm and/or geographic region. In such cases, the year(s) provided indicate the period during which a dynasty was/is in power in a particular realm and/or geographic region. For instance, whereas the House of Savoy was founded in AD 1003 in the County of Savoy and maintained its rule until AD 1946 in the Kingdom of Italy, it briefly held the throne of Spain from AD 1870 to AD 1873, and is thus reflected as such in the "Spain" section.

Location of rule

This list is sorted by the territorial extent of dynasties. Listing a particular dynasty under a specific section need not necessarily denote affiliation—political, ethnic, religious, cultural, or otherwise—between the historical dynasty and the contemporary polity/polities existing in the same region. As the succession of states and the identities of the rulers, elites, and subjects or citizens are complex and contentious issues, the classification of dynasties may be multidimensional. For example, the Ayyubid dynasty has been variously described as "Egyptian" and "Syrian" based on its geographic location and the titles held by its monarchs; "Kurdish" according to its rulers' ethnicity; "Arabized" according to its cultural identity; and "Muslim", "Islamic", and "Sunni" based on its religious faith.

Some dynasties appear more than once in this list, because:

  • more than one realm was/is ruled by a single dynasty; or
  • a single dynastic realm spanned/spans across more than one geographic region.

For example, apart from previously ruling over the possessions of the British Empire and numerous sovereign states that later abolished the monarchy, the House of Windsor remains the ruling dynasty of 15 sovereign states and their associated territories, and is therefore included in multiple sections.[1] Likewise, although the Tang dynasty existed as a single realm, it had at various points in time ruled over China proper, Dzungaria, the Tarim Basin, the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Manchuria, Outer Manchuria, as well as parts of Central Asia, the Korean Peninsula, Vietnam, Siberia, and Afghanistan, and is thus listed under multiple sections.[2][3][4]

Regions with long lines of "local" dynasties—including dynasties of indigenous and non-indigenous (but had/have assumed "local" characteristics) provenances—that experienced partial or full colonization in the modern era are given separate lists for clarity. For instance, the "Indian Subcontinent (South Asia)" section includes a main list containing "local" South Asian dynasties, such as the indigenous Chola dynasty and the non-indigenous Mughal dynasty, and a subsection listing the decidedly "foreign" dynasties of colonial entities, like the House of Bourbon of French India.

Extant dynasties

  Constitutional monarchy (non-Commonwealth realm)
  Semi-constitutional monarchy

List of extant dynasties ruling sovereign monarchies

At present, there are 44 sovereign realms—including 43 sovereign states (and their associated territories) and one sovereign entity in international law without territorial possession—ruled by monarchs, of which 41 are under dynastic control.[a] There are currently 26 sovereign dynasties, two of which rule more than one sovereign realm.

Dynasty Realm Reigning monarch Dynastic founder[b] Dynastic place of origin[c]
House of Windsor[d]  Antigua and Barbuda King Charles III King-Emperor George V[e] Thuringia and Bavaria
(in modern-day Germany)
 Commonwealth of Australia[f]
 Commonwealth of The Bahamas
 Belize
 Canada
 Grenada
 Jamaica
New Zealand[g]
 Independent State of Papua New Guinea
 Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Solomon Islands
 Tuvalu
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[h]
House of Khalifa  Kingdom of Bahrain King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Sheikh Khalifa bin Mohammed Najd
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Belgium
 Kingdom of Belgium King Philippe King Albert I[i] Thuringia and Bavaria
(in modern-day Germany)
Wangchuck dynasty  Kingdom of Bhutan Druk Gyalpo Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Druk Gyalpo Ugyen Wangchuck Modern-day Bhutan
House of Bolkiah  Brunei Darussalam Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Sultan Muhammad Shah
Tarim[j]
(in modern-day Yemen
)
House of Norodom  Kingdom of Cambodia King Norodom Sihamoni King Norodom Prohmbarirak Modern-day Cambodia
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Kingdom of Denmark[k] King Frederik X Duke
Friedrich Wilhelm
Glücksburg
(in modern-day Germany)
 Kingdom of Norway[l] King
Harald V
House of Dlamini  Kingdom of Eswatini King Mswati III Chief Dlamini I East Africa
Imperial House of Japan  Japan Emperor Naruhito Emperor Jimmu[m] Nara
(in modern-day Japan)
House of Hashim  Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan King Abdullah II King
Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi
Hejaz
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Sabah  State of Kuwait Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Sheikh Sabah I bin Jaber Najd
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Moshesh  Kingdom of Lesotho King Letsie III Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe I Modern-day Lesotho
House of Liechtenstein  Principality of Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II Prince Karl I Lower Austria
(in modern-day Austria)
House of Luxembourg-Nassau
 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri Grand Duke Adolphe Nassau
(in modern-day Germany)
House of Temenggong[n]  Malaysia[o] Yang di-Pertuan Agong Ibrahim Temenggong Abdul Jamal Johor
(in modern-day Malaysia)
House of Grimaldi  Principality of Monaco Prince Albert II François Grimaldi Genoa
(in modern-day Italy)
Alaouite dynasty
 Kingdom of Morocco King Mohammed VI Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad as-Sharif ibn 'Ali Tafilalt
(in modern-day Morocco)
House of Orange-Nassau  Kingdom of the Netherlands[p] King Willem-Alexander Prince William I Nassau
(in modern-day Germany)
House of Busaid  Sultanate of Oman Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Sultan Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi Modern-day Yemen
House of Thani  State of Qatar Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Najd
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Saud  Kingdom of Saudi Arabia King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Emir Saud I Diriyah
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Bourbon-Anjou  Kingdom of Spain King Felipe VI King Philip V Bourbon-l'Archambault
(in modern-day France)
House of Bernadotte  Kingdom of Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf King Charles XIV John Pau
(in modern-day France)
Chakri dynasty  Kingdom of Thailand King Rama X King Rama I Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
(in modern-day Thailand)
House of Tupou  Kingdom of Tonga King Tupou VI King George Tupou I Modern-day Tonga
House of Nahyan[q]  United Arab Emirates[r] President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan Liwa Oasis
(in modern-day United Arab Emirates)

List of sovereign states and territories with extant non-sovereign dynasties

The following is a list of sovereign states and territories with existing dynasties ruling non-sovereign polities. Such dynasties usually possess and exercise authority over subnational divisions or people groups.

Non-sovereign dynasties may be conferred official status through constitutional arrangement or government recognition, like the dynasties ruling the Republic of Botswana's subnational chiefdoms. Alternatively, non-sovereign dynasties may exist without official recognition, as in the case of the Te Wherowhero dynasty of the Māori King Movement in New Zealand.

Non-sovereign dynasties could have once held sovereign power (and vice versa). For example, as the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain was formerly an independent shiekdom but is now a constituent emirate of the United Arab Emirates, the currently non-sovereign House of Mualla therefore held sovereign power historically.

Dynasties could simultaneously reign in both sovereign and non-sovereign polities, as is the case of the House of Temenggong whose reigning ruler is both the sovereign monarch of Malaysia and the non-sovereign monarch of the Malaysian state of Johor Darul Ta'zim.

Continent Sovereign state or territory
Africa  Republic of Angola
 Republic of Benin
 Republic of Botswana
 Burkina Faso
 Republic of Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Republic of Chad
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
 Republic of Equatorial Guinea
 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
 Gabonese Republic
 Republic of The Gambia
 Republic of Ghana
 Republic of Guinea-Bissau
 Republic of Kenya
 Republic of Liberia
 Republic of Madagascar
 Republic of Malawi
 Islamic Republic of Mauritania
 Republic of Namibia
 Republic of the Niger
 Federal Republic of Nigeria
 Republic of Rwanda
 Republic of Senegal
 Republic of Sierra Leone
 Federal Republic of Somalia
 Republic of Somaliland
 Republic of South Africa
 Republic of South Sudan
 Republic of the Sudan
 United Republic of Tanzania
 Togolese Republic
 Republic of Uganda
 Republic of Zambia
 Republic of Zimbabwe
Asia  People's Republic of Bangladesh
 Republic of India
 Republic of Indonesia
 Malaysia
 Republic of the Philippines
 Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
 United Arab Emirates
Europe  Bailiwick of Guernsey
 Montenegro[s]
North America  Canada
 Republic of Panama
 United States of America
Oceania  Cook Islands
 Republic of the Marshall Islands
 Federated States of Micronesia
 New Caledonia
 New Zealand
 Republic of Palau
 Independent State of Samoa
 Tuvalu
 Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands
South America  Plurinational State of Bolivia

List of dynasties in Africa

Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Algeria

Benin

Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)

Central African Republic

Chad

Congo

Egypt

Eswatini (Swaziland)

Ethiopia

Ghana

Guinea

Lesotho

Libya

Madagascar

Mali

Mauritius

Morocco (+ Mauritania)

Niger

Nigeria

São Tomé and Príncipe

  • House of Aviz (AD 1470–1580) – São Tomé and Príncipe under Portuguese rule
    • House of Aviz-Beja (AD 1495–1580) – São Tomé and Príncipe under Portuguese rule
    • House of Braganza (AD 1640–1910) – São Tomé and Príncipe under Portuguese rule
  • Philippine dynasty (AD 1581–1640) – São Tomé and Príncipe under Portuguese rule

Senegambia

Seychelles

Somalia

Somaliland

South Africa

Sudan

Tunisia

Uganda

Western Sahara

  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (AD 1884–1931, AD 1975–1976) – Western Sahara under Spanish rule
  • Alaouite dynasty (AD 1976–present) – Moroccan claim to Western Sahara

Zimbabwe

List of dynasties in Asia

Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties
  Extant dynasties ruling both sovereign and non-sovereign polities

Afghanistan

Anatolia (Asia Minor)

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Bahrain

Bhutan

  • Wangchuck dynasty (དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་) (1907–present)

Brunei

Cambodia

Central Asia

Chagos Archipelago

Champa

  • 1st dynasty (192–336)
  • 2nd dynasty (336–420)
  • 3rd dynasty (420–529)
  • 4th dynasty (529–758)
  • 5th dynasty (758–854)
  • 6th dynasty (854–989)
  • 7th dynasty (989–1044)
  • 8th dynasty (1044–1074)
  • 9th dynasty (1074–1139)
  • 10th dynasty (1139–1145)
  • 11th dynasty (1145–1190)
  • 12th dynasty (1190–1318)
  • 13th dynasty (1318–1390)
  • 14th dynasty (1390–1458)
  • 15th dynasty (1458–1471)
  • Dynasty of Po Saktiraidaputih (1695–1822)

China

  • Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ) (?–2070 BC) – Legendary
    • Taotang-shi (陶唐氏ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄤˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Legendary
    • Youyu-shi (有虞氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄩˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Legendary
  • Xia dynasty (夏朝ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄔㄠˊ) (2070–1600 BC) – Semi-legendary; Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
  • Shang dynasty (商朝ㄕㄤ ㄔㄠˊ) (1600–1046 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
  • Jizi Chaoxian (箕子朝鮮ㄐㄧ ㄗˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ) (1120–194 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
  • Zhou dynasty (周朝ㄓㄡ ㄔㄠˊ) (1046–256 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
  • Minyue (閩越ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄝˋ) (334–111 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zou () of Baiyue descent
  • Daguang (達光ㄉㄚˊ ㄍㄨㄤ) (4th century BC–AD 6th century)
    • Mangjilazha dynasty (莽紀拉扎王朝ㄇㄤˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (?–?)
    • Shangmuda dynasty (尚穆達王朝ㄕㄤˇ ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (?–?)
  • Dian (ㄉㄧㄢ) (278–109 BC)
  • Ouluo (甌駱ㄡ ㄌㄨㄛˋ) (257–179 BC) – Ruled by the House of Shu ()
  • Buyeo (扶餘ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ) (239 BC–AD 494)
    • Northern Buyeo (北扶餘ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ) (239–58 BC)
      • Jolbon Buyeo (卒本扶餘ㄗㄨˊ ㄅㄣˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ) (86–37 BC)
      • Eastern Buyeo (東扶餘ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ) (86 BC–AD 22)
        • Galsa Buyeo (後扶餘ㄏㄡˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ) (AD 22–494)
  • Qin dynasty (秦朝ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (221–207 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
  • Pre-Qin dynastic fiefs (先秦諸侯國ㄒㄧㄢ ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨ ㄏㄡˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–209 BC)
    • Ancient Shu (古蜀ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨˇ) (2500–316 BC)
      • Cancong dynasty (蠶叢ㄘㄢˊ ㄘㄨㄥˊ) (2500 BC–?)
      • Boguan dynasty (柏灌ㄅㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ) (?–1700 BC)
      • Yufu dynasty (魚鳧ㄩˊ ㄈㄨˊ) (1700–1200 BC)
      • Duyu dynasty (杜宇ㄉㄨˋ ㄩˇ) (1200–600 BC)
      • Kaiming dynasty (開明ㄎㄞ ㄇㄧㄥˊ) (600–316 BC)
    • Yue (ㄩㄝˋ) (2032–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Baiyue descent
    • Mixu (密須ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄩ) (21st century–10th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Dong (ㄉㄨㄥˇ) (21st century–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Predynastic Shang (先商ㄒㄧㄢ ㄕㄤ) (?–1675 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Guzhu (孤竹ㄍㄨ ㄓㄨˊ) (1600–660 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Qi (ㄑㄧˇ) (16th century–445 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Deng (ㄉㄥˋ) (1200–678 BC) – Ruled by the House of Man () of Huaxia descent
    • Xi (ㄒㄧ) (1122–680 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • E (ㄝˋ) (12th century–863 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Quan (ㄑㄩㄢˊ) (12th century–704 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Wu (ㄨˊ) (1096–473 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Bei (ㄅㄟˋ) (?–1059 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Guan (ㄍㄨㄢˇ) (1046–1039 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Feng (ㄈㄥ) (1046–1023 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Jiao (ㄐㄧㄠ) (1046–775 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhu (ㄓㄨˋ) (1046–768 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Eastern Guo (東虢ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (1046–767 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Su (宿ㄙㄨˋ) (1046–684 BC) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Huaxia descent
    • Tan (ㄊㄢˊ) (1046–684 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Huo (ㄏㄨㄛˋ) (1046–661 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Shu (ㄕㄨ) (1046–657 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (ㄩˊ) (1046–655 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Western Guo (西虢ㄒㄧ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (1046–655 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
      • Northern Guo (北虢ㄅㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
      • Southern Guo (南虢ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Wen (ㄨㄣ) (1046–650 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ying (ㄧㄥ) (1046–646 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Yuan (ㄩㄢˊ) (1046–635 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (ㄌㄨˋ) (1046–622 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Shuliao (舒蓼ㄕㄨ ㄌㄧㄠˇ) (1046–601 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Genmou (根牟ㄍㄣ ㄇㄡˊ) (1046–600 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Dongyi descent
    • Xun (ㄒㄩㄣˊ) (1046–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Shuyong (舒庸ㄕㄨ ㄩㄥ) (1046–574 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Shujiu (舒鳩ㄕㄨ ㄐㄧㄡ) (1046–548 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Mao (ㄇㄠˊ) (1046–516 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Pan (ㄆㄢ) (1046–504 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Dun (ㄉㄨㄣˋ) (1046–496 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Cao (ㄘㄠˊ) (1046–487 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Cai (ㄘㄞˋ) (1046–447 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ju (ㄐㄩˇ) (1046–431 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Dongyi descent
    • Cheng (ㄔㄥˊ) (1046–408 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xu (ㄒㄩˇ) (1046–375 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Ba (ㄅㄚ) (1046–316 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Ba descent
    • Teng (ㄊㄥˊ) (1046–297 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Zou (ㄗㄡ) (1046–281 BC) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (1046–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (1046–221 BC)
      • Jiang Qi (姜齊ㄐㄧㄤ ㄑㄧˊ) (1046–386 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
      • Tian Qi (田齊ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ) (386–221 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Predynastic Zhou (先周ㄒㄧㄢ ㄓㄡ) (?–1046 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Shao (ㄕㄠˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Bi (ㄅㄧˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhou Demesne (周邑ㄓㄡ ㄧˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Rong (ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Yong (ㄩㄥ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Rui (ㄖㄨㄟˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
      • Northern Rui (北芮ㄅㄟˇ ㄖㄨㄟˋ) (1046–640 BC)
      • Southern Rui (南芮ㄋㄢˊ ㄖㄨㄟˋ) (806 BC–?)
    • Han (ㄏㄢˊ) (1046 BC–?)
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Huaxia descent
    • Chunyu (淳于ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄩˊ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Gao (ㄍㄠˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Mao (ㄇㄠˊ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Shulong (舒龍ㄕㄨ ㄌㄨㄥˊ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Shugong (舒龔ㄕㄨ ㄍㄨㄥ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Shubao (舒鮑ㄕㄨ ㄅㄠˋ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Wan (ㄨㄢˇ) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (ㄌㄨˊ) (1046 BC–?)
    • Chen (ㄔㄣˊ) (1045–478 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (1043–249 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (1040–750 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xing (ㄒㄧㄥˊ) (1040–635 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Hong (ㄏㄨㄥˊ) (1040–623 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Jiang (ㄐㄧㄤˇ) (1040–617 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Shen (ㄕㄣˇ) (1040–506 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Song (ㄙㄨㄥˋ) (1040–286 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (ㄨㄟˋ) (1040–661 BC, 659–209 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Zuo (ㄗㄨㄛˋ) (1040 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Dan (ㄉㄢ) (1040 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Pugu (薄姑ㄆㄨˊ ㄍㄨ) (?–1039 BC)
    • Jin (ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (1033–376 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
      • Yi (ㄧˋ) (745–679 BC)
      • Quwo (曲沃ㄑㄩ ㄨㄛˋ) (745–679 BC)
    • Ying (ㄧㄥˋ) (1030–646 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (1030–223 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi () of Huaxia descent
      • Yuezhang (越章ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄤ) (880 BC–?)
    • Yin (ㄧㄣ) (1027–1024 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Yang (ㄧㄤˊ) (1020–677 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Nuo (ㄋㄨㄛˊ) (11th century–704 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Luo (ㄌㄨㄛˊ) (11th century–690 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi () of Huaxia descent
    • Jia (ㄐㄧㄚˇ) (11th century–678 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Hao (ㄏㄠˇ) (11th century–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Huaxia descent
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (11th century–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Yiqi (伊祁) of Huaxia descent
    • Lai (ㄌㄞˋ) (11th century–538 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (ㄨㄟˊ) (11th century BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Pi (ㄆㄧ) (11th century BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Qin (ㄑㄧㄣˊ) (905–221 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Sui (ㄙㄨㄟˊ) (10th century BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xie (ㄒㄧㄝˋ) (?–841 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Shen (ㄕㄣ) (841 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhan (ㄓㄢ) (827 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Zheng (ㄓㄥˋ) (806–375 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Daluo (大駱ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ) (?–9th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Lan (ㄌㄢˋ) (781–521 BC) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Huaxia descent
    • Yin (ㄧㄣˇ) (770–513 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Kuai (ㄎㄨㄞˋ) (?–769 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Huaxia descent
    • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (768–641 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Hu (ㄏㄨˊ) (?–763 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Han (ㄏㄢˊ) (?–757 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˊ) (?–721 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xiang (ㄒㄧㄤˋ) (?–721 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Fan (ㄈㄢˊ) (?–716 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (?–713 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Jiao (ㄐㄧㄠˇ) (?–700 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Gu (ㄍㄨˇ) (?–8th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Hua (ㄏㄨㄚˊ) (?–8th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhongli (鍾離ㄓㄨㄥ ㄌㄧˊ) (8th century–601 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Ni (ㄋㄧˊ) (8th century–335 BC) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Huaxia descent
      • Xiaozhu (小邾ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄨ) (653–335 BC)
    • Yuyuqiu (於餘邱ㄩˊ ㄩˊ ㄑㄧㄡ) (?–692 BC)
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (?–690 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (ㄌㄨˊ) (?–690 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Lesser Guo (小虢ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–687 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Sui (ㄙㄨㄟˋ) (?–681 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Xiao (ㄒㄧㄠ) (681–597 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Guo (ㄍㄨㄛ) (?–670 BC)
    • Lirong (驪戎ㄌㄧˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–666 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Xirong descent
    • Zhang (ㄓㄤ) (?–664 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Lingzhi (令支ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄓ) (?–664 BC)
    • Geng (ㄍㄥˇ) (?–661 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (ㄨㄟˋ) (?–661 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Gong (ㄍㄨㄥˋ) (?–660 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Yang (ㄧㄤˊ) (?–660 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xian (ㄒㄧㄢˊ) (?–655 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Huaxia descent
    • Guang (ㄍㄨㄤ) (?–650 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Huang (ㄏㄨㄤˊ) (?–648 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Xiang (ㄒㄧㄤˋ) (?–643 BC)
    • Bai (ㄅㄞˇ) (?–640 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Fan (ㄈㄢˊ) (?–635 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Kui (ㄎㄨㄟˊ) (?–634 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi () of Huaxia descent
    • Hua (ㄏㄨㄚˊ) (?–627 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Liao (ㄌㄧㄠˇ) (?–622 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Xuqu (須句ㄒㄩ ㄑㄩˊ) (?–620 BC) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (ㄩˊ) (?–612 BC) – Ruled by the House of Er () of Huaxia descent
    • Yong (ㄩㄥ) (?–611 BC)
    • Jun (ㄐㄩㄣ) (?–611 BC)
    • Li (ㄌㄧˊ) (?–604 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Huaxia descent and the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Lushi (潞氏ㄌㄨˋ ㄕˋ) (604–594 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Chidi descent
    • Western Huang (西黃ㄒㄧ ㄏㄨㄤˊ) (?–7th century BC)
    • Duochen (鐸辰ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄣˊ) (?–593 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Huaxia descent
    • Jiashi (甲氏ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄕˋ) (?–593 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Huaxia descent
    • Liuyu (留吁ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄩˋ) (?–593 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Huaxia descent
    • Liu (ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (592–488 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Qianggaoru (廧咎如ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄠ ㄖㄨˊ) (?–588 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Chidi descent
    • Zhuan (ㄓㄨㄢ) (?–585 BC)
    • Zeng (ㄗㄥ) (?–567 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Lai (ㄌㄞˊ) (?–567 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Dongyi descent
    • Biyang (偪陽ㄅㄧ ㄧㄤˊ) (?–563 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Huaxia descent
    • Wangshu (王叔ㄨㄤˊ ㄕㄨ) (?–563 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Shi () (?–560 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Yin (ㄧㄣ) (?–532 BC)
    • Fei (ㄈㄟˊ) (?–530 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Baidi descent
    • Fang (ㄈㄤˊ) (?–529 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhoulai (州來ㄓㄡ ㄌㄞˊ) (?–529 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Yang (ㄧㄤˇ) (?–528 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Gu (ㄍㄨˇ) (?–520 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Baidi descent
    • Chao (ㄔㄠˊ) (?–518 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Gong (ㄍㄨㄥˇ) (?–516 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xu (ㄒㄩˊ) (?–512 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhongshan (中山ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ) (507–406 BC, 380–296 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Beidi descent
    • Xianyu (鮮虞ㄒㄧㄢ ㄩˊ) (?–506 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Beidi descent
    • Tang (ㄊㄤˊ) (?–505 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Huaxia descent
    • Hu (ㄏㄨˊ) (?–496 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Gumie (姑蔑ㄍㄨ ㄇㄧㄝˋ) (?–480 BC)
    • Zhongwu (鍾吾ㄓㄨㄥ ㄨˊ) (?–471 BC)
    • Western Zhou (西周ㄒㄧ ㄓㄡ) (440–256 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Tan (ㄊㄢˊ) (?–414 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Han (ㄏㄢˊ) (403–230 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (ㄨㄟˋ) (403–225 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (403–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
      • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (227–222 BC)
    • Zeng (ㄗㄥ) (?–5th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Chouyou (仇由ㄔㄡˊ ㄧㄡˊ) (?–5th century BC)
    • Ju (ㄐㄩ) (368–316 BC)
    • Eastern Zhou (東周ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓㄡ) (367–249 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Xue (ㄒㄩㄝ) (?–298 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent and the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (228–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Eight States of Xirong (西戎八國ㄒㄧ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
      • Yiqu (義渠ㄧˋ ㄑㄩˊ) (720–272 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yiqu (義渠) of Xirong descent
      • Mianzhu (緜諸ㄇㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄨ) (?–395 BC)
      • Dirong (狄戎ㄉㄧˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
      • Huanrong (豲戎ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
      • Gunyi (緄夷ㄍㄨㄣˇ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
      • Wuzhi (烏氏ㄨ ㄓ) (?–?)
      • Quyan (朐衍ㄑㄩˊ ㄧㄢˇ) (?–?)
      • Rong of Dali (大荔之戎ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Zhoucheng (周城ㄓㄡ ㄔㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Baidi (白狄ㄅㄞˊ ㄉㄧˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Beidi descent
    • Chidi (赤狄ㄔˋ ㄉㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Changdi (長狄ㄔㄤˊ ㄉㄧˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Beidi descent
      • Souman (鄋瞞ㄙㄡ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?)
    • Jiuli (九黎ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Sanmiao (三苗ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Yuyi (於夷ㄩˊ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Fangyi (方夷ㄈㄤ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Huangyi (黃夷ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Baiyi (白夷ㄅㄞˊ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Chiyi (赤夷ㄔˋ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Xuanyi (玄夷ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Fengyi (風夷ㄈㄥ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Yangyi (陽夷ㄧㄤˊ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Maorong (茅戎ㄇㄠˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Shenrong (申戎ㄕㄣ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Rong of Yun clan (允姓之戎ㄩㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Xirong descent
      • Luhun (陸渾ㄌㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄣˊ) (?–?)
      • Yinrong (陰戎ㄧㄣ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
      • Rong of Yiluo (伊洛之戎ㄧ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
      • Rong of Jiuzhou (九州之戎ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Rong of Shihu (始呼之戎ㄕˇ ㄏㄨ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Rong of Yitu (翳徒之戎ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Shangfang (商方ㄕㄤ ㄈㄤ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Zifang (子方ㄗˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Tufang (土方ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Hongfang (𢀛方ㄏㄨㄥ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Guifang (鬼方ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Kufang (苦方ㄎㄨˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Longfang (龍方ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Mafang (馬方ㄇㄚˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Shufang (蜀方ㄕㄨˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yufang (盂方ㄩˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Eastern Yufang (東盂方ㄉㄨㄥ ㄩˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Western Yufang (西盂方ㄒㄧ ㄩˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Qiangfang (羌方ㄑㄧㄤ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Zhafang (𠭯方ㄓㄚ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Peifang (轡方ㄆㄟˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Erbangfang (二邦方ㄦˋ ㄅㄤ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Renfang (人方ㄖㄣˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Tangfang (唐方ㄊㄤˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Linfang (林方ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yuexifang (越戲方ㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Xingfang (興方ㄒㄧㄥ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Shifang (豕方ㄕˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Weifang (危方ㄨㄟ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Pangfang (旁方ㄆㄤˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Gefang (戈方ㄍㄜ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Mufang (木方ㄇㄨˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Zhoufang (宙方ㄓㄡˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Genfang (亙方ㄍㄣˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Jifang (基方ㄐㄧ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yafang (亞方ㄧㄚˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Shifang (示方ㄕˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Shaofang (召方ㄕㄠˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Jianfang (湔方ㄐㄧㄢ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yinfang (印方ㄧㄣˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Jifang (祭方ㄐㄧˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Hufang (虎方ㄏㄨˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Weifang (微方ㄨㄟ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Bufang (步方ㄅㄨˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Xifang (息方ㄒㄧ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Diefang (眣方ㄉㄧㄝˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Zhifang (止方ㄓˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yinfang (尹方ㄧㄣˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Zengfang (曾方ㄗㄥ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Zhufang (祝方ㄓㄨˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Nongfang (弄方ㄋㄨㄥˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Chuifang (吹方ㄔㄨㄟ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Chefang (屮方ㄔㄜˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Quefang (雀方ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Shifang (矢方ㄕˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yufang (鬱方ㄩˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Xiufang (羞方ㄒㄧㄡ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Beifang (貝方ㄅㄟˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Cangfang (倉方ㄘㄤ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Yangfang (昜方ㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Foufang (缶方ㄈㄡˇ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Pengfang (彭方ㄆㄥˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Songfang (宋方ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Danfang (丹方ㄉㄢ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Xiangfang (絴方ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Banfang (班方ㄅㄢ ㄈㄤ) (?–?)
    • Youmin-shi (有緡氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yao () of Huaxia descent
    • Youshi-shi (有施氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄕ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Zhenxun-shi (斟鄩氏ㄓㄣ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Youhu-shi (有扈氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Youyi-shi (有易氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄧˋ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Younan-shi (有男氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Tongcheng-shi (彤城氏ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhenguan-shi (斟灌氏ㄓㄣ ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Youxin-shi (有莘氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Youxiong-shi (有熊氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Youjiao-shi (有蟜氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Youreng-shi (有仍氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄖㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Bao-shi (褒氏ㄅㄠ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Fei-shi (費氏ㄈㄟˋ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Qi-shi (杞氏ㄑㄧˇ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Zeng-shi (繒氏ㄗㄥ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Xin-shi (辛氏ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Ming-shi (冥氏ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Ge-shi (戈氏ㄍㄜ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Youqiong-shi (有窮氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Youge-shi (有鬲氏ㄧㄡˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?)
    • Boming-shi (伯明氏ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Dongyi descent
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • You (ㄧㄡ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Huaxia descent
    • Meng (ㄇㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Shen (ㄕㄣ) (?–?)
    • Gao (ㄍㄠˋ) (?–?)
    • Er (ㄦˇ) (?–?)
    • Feng (ㄈㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Bao (ㄅㄠˋ) (?–?)
    • Shu (ㄕㄨˇ) (?–?)
    • Zhu (ㄓㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Dun (ㄉㄨㄣˋ) (?–?)
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Tui (ㄊㄨㄟˊ) (?–?)
    • Ke (ㄎㄜˇ) (?–?)
    • Chou (ㄔㄡˇ) (?–?)
    • Gu (ㄍㄨˋ) (?–?)
    • Er (ㄦˊ) (?–?)
    • Mao (ㄇㄠˊ) (?–?)
    • Feng (ㄈㄥ) (?–?)
    • He (ㄏㄜˊ) (?–?)
    • Bing (ㄅㄧㄥˇ) (?–?)
    • Xian (ㄒㄧㄢ) (?–?)
    • Hao (ㄏㄠˋ) (?–?)
    • Li (ㄌㄧˋ) (?–?)
    • Nuo (ㄋㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Gu (ㄍㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (鹿ㄌㄨˋ) (?–?)
    • Jian (ㄐㄧㄢ) (?–?)
    • Gan (ㄍㄢ) (?–?)
    • Quanrong (犬戎ㄑㄩㄢˇ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Rong of Jiang clan (姜姓之戎ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Xirong descent
      • Jiangrong (姜戎ㄐㄧㄤ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Lu (鹿ㄌㄨˋ) (?–?)
    • Jiuyuan (九苑ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄩㄢˋ) (?–?)
    • Shangsi (上絲ㄕㄤˋ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Xiawei (下危ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄟ) (?–?)
    • Northern Qi (北齊ㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhi (ㄓˇ) (?–?)
    • (ㄌㄩˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Southern Yan (南燕ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄢ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ge (ㄍㄜˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Shan (ㄕㄢˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Gan (ㄍㄢ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Bi (ㄅㄧ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Mi (ㄇㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (ㄩˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Du (ㄉㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Qi () of Huaxia descent
    • Bulang (不羹ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄤˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
      • Eastern Bulang (東不羹ㄉㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄤˊ) (?–?)
      • Western Bulang (西不羹ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄤˊ) (?–?)
    • Dao (ㄉㄠˋ) (?–?)
    • Chong (ㄔㄨㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Di (ㄉㄧˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kui () of Chidi descent
    • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (?–?)
    • Chou (ㄔㄡˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Shen (ㄕㄣˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Si (ㄙˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ru (ㄖㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Huang (ㄏㄨㄤˊ) (?–?)
    • Peng (ㄆㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Guan (ㄍㄨㄢˋ) (?–?)
    • Jiafu (甲父ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄈㄨˋ) (?–?)
    • Zhu (ㄓㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Ba (ㄅㄚˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kui (媿) of Huaxia descent
    • Nie (ㄋㄧㄝˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Fei (ㄈㄟˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (ㄩˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Huaxia descent
    • Jue (ㄐㄩㄝˊ) (?–?)
    • Ren (ㄖㄣˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Huaxia descent
    • Mou (ㄇㄡˊ) (?–?)
    • Guan (ㄍㄨㄢ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yao () of Huaxia descent
    • Han (ㄏㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Zong (ㄗㄨㄥ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (ㄧㄢˇ) (?–?)
    • Pang (ㄆㄤˊ) (?–?)
    • Yi (ㄧˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Huaxia descent
    • Quegong (闕鞏ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥˇ) (?–?)
    • Zhuanyu (顓臾ㄓㄨㄢ ㄩˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Huaxia descent
    • Fei (ㄈㄟˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Ruo (ㄖㄨㄛˋ) (?–?)
      • Lower Ruo (下鄀ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ) (?–622 BC)
      • Upper Ruo (上鄀ㄕㄤˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ) (622 BC–?)
    • Zhi (ㄓˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Zhu (ㄓㄨ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
    • Jie (ㄐㄧㄝˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun () of Dongyi descent
    • Kan (ㄎㄢˋ) (?–?)
    • You (ㄧㄡ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Man () of Huaxia descent
    • Zong (ㄗㄨㄥ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Guo (ㄎㄢˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Huaxia descent
    • Rong of Ji clan (己姓之戎ㄐㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Xirong descent
    • Zhen (ㄓㄣˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Yun (ㄩㄣˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Beidi descent
    • Fengfu (封父ㄈㄥ ㄈㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Huaxia descent
    • Anling (安陵ㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Mie (ㄇㄧㄝˋ) (?–?)
    • Er (ㄦˋ) (?–?)
    • Zhou (ㄓㄡ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Tong (ㄊㄨㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Huaxia descent
    • Peng (ㄆㄥˊ) (?–?)
    • Wuzhong (無終ㄨˊ ㄓㄨㄥ) (?–?)
  • Zhang Chu (張楚ㄓㄤ ㄔㄨˇ) (209–208 BC) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Huaxia descent
  • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (209–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Xiang () of Huaxia descent and the House of Mi () of Huaxia descent
  • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (209–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Huaxia descent
  • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (209–204 BC, 203–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Huaxia descent, the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent, and the House of Zhang () of Huaxia descent
  • Xiongnu confederation (匈奴ㄒㄩㄥ ㄋㄨˊ) (209 BC–AD 48) – Ruled by the House of Luandi (攣鞮) of Xiongnu descent
  • Wei (ㄨㄟˋ) (208–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
  • Eighteen Kingdoms (十八國ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (208–202 BC)
    • Han (ㄏㄢˊ) (208–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent and the House of Zheng () of Huaxia descent
    • Sai (ㄙㄞˋ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Huaxia descent
    • Di (ㄉㄧˊ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Huaxia descent
    • Liaodong (遼東ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄥ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Huaxia descent
    • Jiaodong (膠東ㄐㄧㄠ ㄉㄨㄥ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Jibei (濟北ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
    • Yong (ㄩㄥ) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Huaxia descent
    • Western Wei (西魏ㄒㄧ ㄨㄟˋ) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
    • Henan (河南ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Shen () of Huaxia descent
    • Yin (ㄧㄣ) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Huaxia descent
    • Changshan (常山ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Jiujiang (九江ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄤ) (206–203 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Huaxia descent
    • Han (ㄏㄢˋ) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Huaxia descent
    • Hengshan (衡山ㄏㄥˊ ㄕㄢ) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zang () of Huaxia descent
    • Linjiang (臨江ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄤ) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gong () of Huaxia descent
  • Linzi (臨淄ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄗ) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui () of Huaxia descent
  • Western Chu (西楚ㄒㄧ ㄔㄨˇ) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi () of Huaxia descent
  • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (205–204 BC) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Huaxia descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Han dynasty (漢朝藩王國ㄏㄢˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (205 BC–AD 9, AD 25–221)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Western Han (西漢異姓藩王國ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (205–157 BC)
      • Han (ㄏㄢˊ) (205–200 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Han descent
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (203–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Han descent
      • Huainan (淮南ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (203–196 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying () of Han descent
      • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (203–198 BC, 180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent and the House of Lü () of Han descent
      • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (202–201 BC)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (202–196 BC) – Ruled by the House of Peng () of Han descent
      • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (202–196 BC, 180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Lu () of Han descent and the House of Lü () of Han descent
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (202–157 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Han descent
      • Lü (ㄌㄩˇ) (187–180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Lü () of Han descent
      • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (187–180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Western Han (西漢同姓藩王國ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (201 BC–AD 9) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
      • Jing (ㄐㄧㄥ) (201–196 BC)
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (201–127 BC, 117–110 BC)
      • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (201–69 BC, 50 BC–AD 9)
      • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (200–198 BC, 196–114 BC)
      • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (198–181 BC, 179–154 BC, 152 BC–AD 9)
      • Huainan (淮南ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (196–174 BC, 168–165 BC, 164–122 BC)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (196–181 BC, 180 BC, 178 BC–AD 3, AD 5–9)
      • Wu (ㄨˊ) (195–154 BC)
      • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (195–181 BC, 179–127 BC, 117–80 BC)
      • Hengshan (恆山ㄏㄥˊ ㄕㄢ) (187–180 BC)
      • Huaiyang (淮陽ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (187–180 BC, 176–169 BC, 155–154 BC, 63 BC–AD 9)
      • Langya (琅邪ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ) (181–179 BC)
      • Jichuan (濟川ㄐㄧˇ ㄔㄨㄢ) (181–180 BC, 144–138 BC)
      • Taiyuan (太原ㄊㄞˋ ㄩㄢˊ) (178–176 BC)
      • Jibei (濟北ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ) (178–177 BC, 164–154 BC, 153–87 BC)
      • Chengyang (城陽ㄔㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (178–169 BC, 165 BC–AD 9)
      • Hejian (河間ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ) (178–165 BC, 155 BC–AD 9)
      • Jinan (濟南ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (164–154 BC)
      • Lujiang (廬江ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ) (164–153 BC)
      • Hengshan (衡山ㄏㄥˊ ㄕㄢ) (164–122 BC)
      • Jiaoxi (膠西ㄐㄧㄠ ㄒㄧ) (164–108 BC)
      • Jiaodong (膠東ㄐㄧㄠ ㄉㄨㄥ) (164–150 BC, 148 BC–AD 9)
      • Zichuan (菑川ㄗ ㄔㄨㄢ) (164 BC–AD 9)
      • Runan (汝南ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (155–153 BC)
      • Linjiang (臨江ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄤ) (155–153 BC, 150–148 BC)
      • Guangchuan (廣川ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄨㄢ) (155–152 BC, 148–70 BC, 66–50 BC)
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (155 BC–AD 9)
      • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (154–6 BC, 4 BC–AD 9)
      • Zhongshan (中山ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ) (154–54 BC, 44–35 BC, 23–1 BC, AD 1–9)
      • Jiangdu (江都ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄨ) (153–121 BC)
      • Qinghe (清河ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ) (147–136 BC, 114–66 BC, 47–44 BC)
      • Changshan (常山ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ) (145–113 BC)
      • Jiyin (濟陰ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ) (144–143 BC)
      • Jidong (濟東ㄐㄧˇ ㄉㄨㄥ) (144–116 BC)
      • Shanyang (山陽ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ) (144–136 BC, 33–25 BC)
      • Liu'an (六安ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄢ) (121 BC–AD 9)
      • Guangling (廣陵ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (117–54 BC, 47–17 BC, 11 BC–AD 9)
      • Zhending (真定ㄓㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˋ) (114 BC–AD 9)
      • Sishui (泗水ㄙˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ) (113 BC–AD 9)
      • Changyi (昌邑ㄔㄤ ㄧˋ) (97–74 BC)
      • Pinggan (平干ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄢ) (91–56 BC)
      • Guangyang (廣陽ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (73 BC–AD 9)
      • Gaomi (高密ㄍㄠ ㄇㄧˋ) (73 BC–AD 9)
      • Dingtao (定陶ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄠˊ) (52–50 BC, 25–5 BC)
      • Dongping (東平ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (52–4 BC, AD 1–7)
      • Jiyang (濟陽ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (41–33 BC)
      • Xindu (信都ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨ) (37–23 BC, 5 BC–AD 9)
      • Guangde (廣德ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄜˊ) (19–18 BC, AD 2–9)
      • Guangping (廣平ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (4 BC–AD 9)
      • Guangshi (廣世ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄕˋ) (AD 2–9)
      • Guangzong (廣宗ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄗㄨㄥ) (AD 2–9)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Eastern Han (東漢同姓藩王國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 25–221) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
      • Huaiyang (淮陽ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 25, AD 41–73, AD 79–87)
      • Guangyang (廣陽ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 26–29)
      • Sishui (泗水ㄙˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ) (AD 26–34)
      • Zichuan (淄川ㄗ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 26–34)
      • Taiyuan (太原ㄊㄞˋ ㄩㄢˊ) (AD 26–35)
      • Zhending (真定ㄓㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˋ) (AD 26–37)
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (AD 26–37)
      • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (AD 26–37, AD 41–52)
      • Chengyang (城陽ㄔㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 26–35, AD 90–94)
      • Zhongshan (中山ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ) (AD 26–37, AD 41–44, AD 54–174)
      • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 29–213)
      • Hejian (河間ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ) (AD 31–37, AD 90–220)
      • Zuopingyi (左馮翊ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧˋ) (AD 41–54)
      • Shanyang (山陽ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 41–58, AD 212–220)
      • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 41–70)
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 41–87, AD 90–206)
      • Langya (琅邪ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ) (AD 41–216)
      • Jinan (濟南ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 41–153, AD 174–220)
      • Donghai (東海ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 41–220)
      • Dongping (東平ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 41–220)
      • Pei (ㄆㄟˋ) (AD 44–220)
      • Beihai (北海ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 52–206)
      • Guangling (廣陵ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 58–67)
      • Guangping (廣平ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 60–82)
      • Qiancheng (千乘ㄑㄧㄢ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 60–95)
      • Julu (鉅鹿ㄐㄩˋ ㄌㄨˋ) (AD 72–79)
      • Runan (汝南ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 72–79)
      • Lecheng (樂成ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 72–96, AD 97–119, AD 120–121)
      • Changshan (常山ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ) (AD 72–184)
      • Xiapi (下邳ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄧ) (AD 72–185)
      • Jiyin (濟陰ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 72–84, AD 124–125, AD 212–220)
      • Fuling (阜陵ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 73–206)
      • Pingchun (平春ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄨㄣ) (AD 79)
      • Jiangling (江陵ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 79–85)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 79–220)
      • Xiping (西平ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 82–88)
      • Qinghe (清河ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 82–147)
      • Rencheng (任城ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 84–220)
      • Liu'an (六安ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄢ) (AD 85–88)
      • Chen (ㄔㄣˊ) (AD 88–197)
      • Pengcheng (彭城ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 88–220)
      • Jibei (濟北ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ) (AD 90–206, AD 212–220)
      • Guangzong (廣宗ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄗㄨㄥ) (AD 93)
      • Le'an (樂安ㄌㄜˋ ㄢ) (AD 95–146)
      • Pingyuan (平原ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ) (AD 106–206)
      • Guangchuan (廣川ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 107–108)
      • Anping (安平ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 122–184)
      • Bohai (渤海ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 146–172, AD 189)
      • Ganling (甘陵ㄍㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 148–189)
      • Chenliu (陳留ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (AD 189)
      • Hongnong (弘農ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄥˊ) (AD 189–190)
      • Nanyang (南陽ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 200)
      • Donghai (東海ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 212–220)
      • Boling (博陵ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 213–220)
      • Hanzhong (漢中ㄏㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄥ) (AD 219–221)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Eastern Han (東漢異姓藩王國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 40–42, AD 216–220)
      • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (AD 40–42) – Ruled by the House of Lu () of Han descent
      • Wei (ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 216–220) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Han descent
  • Nanyue (南越ㄋㄢˊ ㄩㄝˋ) (204–111 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhao () of Huaxia descent
  • Han dynasty (漢朝ㄏㄢˋ ㄔㄠˊ) (202 BC–AD 9, AD 25–220) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
    • Western Han (西漢ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ) (202 BC–AD 9)
    • Eastern Han (東漢ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 25–220)
  • Yelang (夜郎ㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄤˊ) (3rd century–27 BC)
  • Ailao (哀牢ㄞ ㄌㄠˊ) (3rd century BC–AD 76)
  • Nanhai (南海ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (195–174 BC)
  • Weiman Chaoxian (衛滿朝鮮ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ) (194–108 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei ()
  • Eastern Ou (東甌ㄉㄨㄥ ㄡ) (191–138 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zou ()
  • Baiyang (白羊ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (?–127 BC)
  • Loufan (樓煩ㄌㄡˊ ㄈㄢˊ) (?–127 BC)
  • Yarlung dynasty (雅礱王朝ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (127 BC–AD 618) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
  • Wusun (烏孫ㄨ ㄙㄨㄣ) (117 BC–?)
  • Gouding (鉤町ㄍㄡ ㄉㄧㄥ) (111 BC–AD 316)
  • Dongming (東明ㄉㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ) (?–108 BC)
  • Woju (沃沮ㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄩ) (2nd century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Eastern Woju (東沃沮ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄩ) (?–?)
    • Northern Woju (北沃沮ㄅㄟˇ ㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄩ) (?–?)
  • Goguryeo (高句麗ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ) (37 BC–AD 668) – Ruled by the Go dynasty () of Yemaek descent
  • Feiliu (沸流ㄈㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (?–36 BC)
  • Lelang (樂浪ㄌㄜˋ ㄌㄤˋ) (1st century BC–AD 47)
  • Gaima (蓋馬ㄍㄞˋ ㄇㄚˇ) (1st century BC–AD 1st century)
  • Goutu (句荼ㄍㄡ ㄊㄨˊ) (1st century BC–AD 1st century)
  • Xin dynasty (新朝ㄒㄧㄣ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 9–23) – Interrupted the Han dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
  • Xuan Han (玄漢ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 23–25) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
  • Huainan (淮南ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 23–27) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Xuan Han (玄漢藩王國ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 23–?)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Xuan Han (玄漢同姓藩王國ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 23–27) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 23–25)
      • Wan (ㄨㄢˇ) (AD 24–25)
      • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (AD 24–25)
      • Ruyin (汝陰ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 24–25)
      • Xiao (ㄒㄧㄠ) (AD 24–25)
      • Dingtao (定陶ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄠˊ) (AD 24–26)
      • Yuanshi (元氏ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˋ) (AD 24–26)
      • Hanzhong (漢中ㄏㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄥ) (AD 24–27)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Xuan Han (玄漢異姓藩王國ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 24–?)
      • Biyang (比陽ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
      • Huaiyang (淮陽ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
      • Rang (ㄖㄤˊ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Liao () of Han descent
      • Pingshi (平氏ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Shen () of Han descent
      • Sui (ㄙㄨㄟˊ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Hu () of Han descent
      • Xiping (西平ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
      • Wuyin (舞陰ㄨˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
      • Xiangyi (襄邑ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧˋ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Cheng () of Han descent
      • Yinping (陰平ㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Han descent
      • Deng (ㄉㄥˋ) (AD 24–26) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
      • Yan (ㄧㄢˇ) (AD 24–26) – Ruled by the House of Yin () of Han descent
      • Yicheng (宜城ㄧˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 24–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
      • Yingyin (潁陰ㄧㄥˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 24–?) – Ruled by the House of Zong () of Han descent
  • Chuli (楚黎ㄔㄨˇ ㄌㄧˊ) (AD 24–29) – Ruled by the House of Qin () of Han descent
  • Agnatic dynastic principality under the Chimei Han (赤眉漢同姓藩王國ㄔˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 25) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
    • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (AD 25)
  • Xiping (西平ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 25) – Ruled by the House of Lu () of Han descent
    • Lu Han (盧漢ㄌㄨˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 25–?)
  • Chimei Han (赤眉漢ㄔˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 25–27) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
  • Liu Liang (劉梁ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 25–29) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
  • Chengjia (成家ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ) (AD 25–36) – Ruled by the House of Gongsun (公孫) of Han descent
    • Shu (ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 24–25)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Liu Liang (劉梁藩王國ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 25–?)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Liang (劉梁同姓藩王國ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 25–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
      • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (AD 25–?)
      • Huaiyang (淮陽ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 26)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Liang (劉梁異姓藩王國ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 27–30)
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 27–29) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
      • Haixi (海西ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧ) (AD 27–30) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Han descent
  • Wu'an (武安ㄨˇ ㄢ) (AD 26–27) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Han descent
  • Northern Daifang (北帶方ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄤ) (?–AD 27)
  • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Chengjia (成家異姓藩王國ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 29–36)
    • Runing (汝寧ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ) (AD 29–36) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Han descent
    • Yijiang (翼江ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ) (AD 29–36) – Ruled by the House of Tian () of Han descent
    • Shuoning (朔寧ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ) (AD 31–34) – Ruled by the House of Wei () of Han descent
  • Xianbei state (鮮卑ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ) (AD 93–234)
    • Northern Xianbei (北鮮卑ㄅㄟˇ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ) (AD ?–?)
    • Western Xianbei (西鮮卑ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ) (AD ?–?)
    • Eastern Xianbei (東鮮卑ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ) (AD ?–?)
  • Shaodang Qiang (燒當羌ㄕㄠ ㄉㄤ ㄑㄧㄤ) (?–AD 139)
  • Yueban (悅般ㄩㄝˋ ㄅㄢ) (AD 160–490)
  • Zhongjia (仲家ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ) (AD 197–199) – Ruled by the House of Yuan () of Han descent
  • Bailan (白蘭ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄢˊ) (AD 2nd century–?)
  • Hexi tribe (河西部ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 210–397) – Ruled by the House of Tufa (禿髮) of Xianbei descent
  • Three Kingdoms (三國ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 220–280)
    • Cao Wei (曹魏ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 220–266) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Han descent
    • Shu Han (蜀漢ㄕㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 221–263) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
    • Eastern Wu (東吳ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ) (AD 222–280) – Ruled by the House of Sun () of Han descent
  • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Shu Han (蜀漢同姓藩王國ㄕㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 221–263) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
    • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (AD 221–230)
    • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 221–230)
    • Ganling (甘陵ㄍㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 230–263)
    • Anping (安平ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 230–263)
    • Anding (安定ㄢ ㄉㄧㄥˋ) (AD 238–263)
    • Xihe (西河ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 252–262)
    • Xinping (新平ㄒㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 256–263)
    • Beidi (北地ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧˋ) (AD 259–263)
    • Xinxing (新興ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ) (AD 259–263)
    • Shangdang (上黨ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄤˇ) (AD 259–263)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Cao Wei (曹魏藩王國ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 221–?)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Cao Wei (曹魏異姓藩王國ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 221–222, AD 264–266)
      • Wu (ㄨˊ) (AD 221–222) – Ruled by the House of Sun () of Han descent
      • Jin (ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 264–266) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Cao Wei (曹魏同姓藩王國ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 222–?) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Han descent
      • Zhangling (章陵ㄓㄤ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 222)
      • Yiyang (義陽ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 222)
      • Yiyang (弋陽ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 222)
      • Lujiang (廬江ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ) (AD 222–223)
      • Huainan (淮南ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 222–223)
      • Guangping (廣平ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 222–223)
      • Jiyin (濟陰ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 222–224)
      • Xiapi (下邳ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄧ) (AD 222–224)
      • Hejian (河間ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ) (AD 222–224)
      • Wu (ㄨˊ) (AD 222–224)
      • Hedong (河東ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄥ) (AD 222–225)
      • Jingzhao (京兆ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 222–225)
      • Qiao (ㄑㄧㄠˊ) (AD 222–226)
      • Pingyuan (平原ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ) (AD 222–226)
      • Qinghe (清河ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 222–223, AD 226)
      • Juancheng (鄄城ㄐㄩㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 222–223, AD 226–232)
      • Beihai (北海ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 222–224, AD 232–233)
      • Rencheng (任城ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 222–223, AD 224–246)
      • Pengcheng (彭城ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 222, AD 232–266)
      • Chenliu (陳留ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (AD 222–224, AD 232–266)
      • Zhongmou (中牟ㄓㄨㄥ ㄇㄡˊ) (AD 223–224)
      • Yongqiu (雍丘ㄩㄥ ㄑㄧㄡ) (AD 223–227, AD 228–229)
      • Chen (ㄔㄣˊ) (AD 223–224, AD 232)
      • Shouzhang (壽張ㄕㄡˋ ㄓㄤ) (AD 223–232)
      • Fanyang (范陽ㄈㄢˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 224–226)
      • Lecheng (樂城ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 224–226)
      • Shouchun (壽春ㄕㄡˋ ㄔㄨㄣ) (AD 224–226)
      • Dingtao (定陶ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄠˊ) (AD 224–232)
      • Shanfu (單父ㄕㄢˋ ㄈㄨˋ) (AD 224–232)
      • Xiangyi (襄邑ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧˋ) (AD 224–232)
      • Zan (ㄗㄢˋ) (AD 224–226, AD 235–248)
      • Dongwuyang (東武陽ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 225)
      • Guantao (館陶ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ) (AD 225–232)
      • Yuancheng (元城ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 225–232)
      • Handan (邯鄲ㄏㄢˊ ㄉㄢ) (AD 225–232)
      • Puyang (濮陽ㄆㄨˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 226–232)
      • Juyang (句陽ㄐㄩˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 226–232)
      • Julu (鉅鹿ㄐㄩˋ ㄌㄨˋ) (AD 226–232)
      • Baima (白馬ㄅㄞˊ ㄇㄚˇ) (AD 226–232)
      • Yangping (陽平ㄧㄤˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 226–232)
      • Junyi (浚儀ㄐㄩㄣˋ ㄧˊ) (AD 227–228)
      • Liaocheng (聊城ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 227–232)
      • Fanyang (繁陽ㄈㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 228–229)
      • Dong'e (東阿ㄉㄨㄥ ㄝ) (AD 229–232)
      • Quyang (曲陽ㄑㄩ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 232–244)
      • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 232–251)
      • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 232–261)
      • Jibei (濟北ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ) (AD 232–266)
      • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (AD 232–266)
      • Pei (ㄆㄟˋ) (AD 232–266)
      • Zhongshan (中山ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ) (AD 232–266)
      • Langya (琅邪ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ) (AD 232–266)
      • Dongping (東平ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 232–266)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 232–266)
      • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (AD 232–266)
      • Donghai (東海ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 232–266)
      • Xiang (ㄒㄧㄤ) (AD 233–236, AD 255–166)
      • Xiao (ㄒㄧㄠ) (AD 234–?)
      • Qin (ㄑㄧㄣˊ) (AD 235–244)
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 235–239, AD 254–266)
      • Rao'an (饒安ㄖㄠˊ ㄢ) (AD 238–246)
      • Laoling (樂陵ㄌㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 244–266)
      • Jinan (濟南ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 246–266)
      • Wen'an (文安ㄨㄣˊ ㄢ) (AD 246–266)
      • Feng (ㄈㄥ) (AD 254–266)
      • Zhending (真定ㄓㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˋ) (AD 254–266)
  • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (AD 237–238) – Ruled by the House of Gongsun (公孫) of Han descent
  • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Eastern Wu (東吳同姓藩王國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 242–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun () of Han descent
    • Lu (ㄌㄨˇ) (AD 242–250, AD 273–280)
    • Nanyang (南陽ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 252–253)
    • Langya (琅邪ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ) (AD 252–258)
    • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 252–253, AD 273–?)
    • Kuaiji (會稽ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧ) (AD 258–260)
    • Yuzhang (豫章ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ) (AD 264–265)
    • Runan (汝南ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 264–265)
    • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 264–?)
    • Chen (ㄔㄣˊ) (AD 264–?)
    • Huaiyang (淮陽ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 269–273)
    • Dongping (東平ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 269–273)
    • Chenliu (陳留ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (AD 273–?)
    • Zhangling (章陵ㄓㄤ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 273–?)
    • Chengji (成紀ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧˋ) (AD 278–?)
    • Xuanwei (宣威ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟ) (AD 278–?)
    • Zhongshan (中山ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ) (AD 280–?)
    • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (AD 280–?)
  • Duan tribe (段部ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 250–356) – Ruled by the Duan tribe () of Xianbei descent
    • Liaoxi (遼西ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄒㄧ) (AD 313–338)
    • Duan Qi (段齊ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 350–356)
    • Duan Zhao (段趙ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 352)
  • Longxi tribe (隴西部ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 265–376) – Ruled by the House of Qifu (乞伏) of Xianbei descent
  • Jin dynasty (晉朝ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 266–420) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
    • Western Jin (西晉ㄒㄧ ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 266–316)
    • Eastern Jin (東晉ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 317–420)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Jin dynasty (晉朝藩王國ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 266–?)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Jin dynasty (晉朝異姓藩王國ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 266–420)
      • Chenliu (陳留ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (AD 266–420) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Han descent
      • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 403) – Ruled by the House of Huan () of Han descent
      • Song (ㄙㄨㄥˋ) (AD 419–420) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Jin dynasty (晉朝同姓藩王國ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 266–?) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
      • Bohai (勃海ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 266–277)
      • Chen (ㄔㄣˊ) (AD 266–277)
      • Dongguan (東莞ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢˇ) (AD 266–277)
      • Fufeng (扶風ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄥ) (AD 266–289)
      • Taiyuan (太原ㄊㄞˋ ㄩㄢˊ) (AD 266–291)
      • Longxi (隴西ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧ) (AD 266–296)
      • Ruyin (汝陰ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 266–277, AD ?–286, AD 300)
      • Yiyang (義陽ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 266–301)
      • Changshan (常山ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ) (AD 266–275, AD 291–301)
      • Beihai (北海ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 266–277, AD 283–302)
      • Le'an (樂安ㄌㄜˋ ㄢ) (AD 266–302)
      • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (AD 266–302)
      • Zhongshan (中山ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ) (AD 266–304)
      • Dongping (東平ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 266–307)
      • Xiapi (下邳ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄧ) (AD 266–311)
      • Pei (ㄆㄟˋ) (AD 266–311)
      • Fanyang (范陽ㄈㄢˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 266–311)
      • Jinan (濟南ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 266–277, ?–AD 311)
      • Pingyuan (平原ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ) (AD 266–311)
      • Qiao (ㄑㄧㄠˊ) (AD 266–403, AD 405–415)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 266–417)
      • Langya (琅邪ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ) (AD 266–418)
      • Gaoyang (高陽ㄍㄠ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 266–278, AD 280–420)
      • Pengcheng (彭城ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 266–420)
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 266–302, AD 303–420)
      • Hejian (河間ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ) (AD 266–306, AD 330–?)
      • Anping (安平ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 266–281, ?–?)
      • Chengyang (城陽ㄔㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 269–273)
      • Nangong (南宮ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥ) (AD 270–289)
      • Runan (汝南ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 270–420)
      • Donghai (東海ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 273–277, AD 291–402)
      • Guanghan (廣漢ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 277–280)
      • Liaodong (遼東ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄥ) (AD 277–283)
      • Shiping (始平ㄕˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 277–289)
      • Puyang (濮陽ㄆㄨˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 277–289, AD 301)
      • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 277–301)
      • Rencheng (任城ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 277–311)
      • Xihe (西河ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 277–311)
      • Qinghe (清河ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 277–311)
      • Nanyang (南陽ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 277–289, AD 306–319)
      • Zhangwu (章武ㄓㄤ ㄨˇ) (AD 277–311, AD 314–405)
      • Xindu (新都ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄨ) (AD 277–283, ?–?)
      • Leping (樂平ㄌㄜˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 280, 302–303)
      • Donglai (東萊ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄞˊ) (AD 283–301)
      • Changle (長樂ㄔㄤˊ ㄌㄜˋ) (AD 284–309)
      • Guangling (廣陵ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 289–290)
      • Piling (毗陵ㄆㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 289–291)
      • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 289–291)
      • Yuzhang (豫章ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ) (AD 289–304, AD 306–311)
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (AD 289–291, AD 301–311)
      • Shunyang (順陽ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 289–311)
      • Qin (ㄑㄧㄣˊ) (AD 289–312)
      • Wu (ㄨˊ) (AD 289–300, AD 301–311, AD 326–327)
      • Wuyi (武邑ㄨˇ ㄧˋ) (AD 289–?)
      • Han (ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 289–?)
      • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (AD 289–?)
      • Chengdu (成都ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ) (AD 289–304, ?–?)
      • Huainan (淮南ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 289–311, ?–?)
      • Zhongqiu (中丘ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄡ) (AD 291–311)
      • Xiyang (西陽ㄒㄧ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 291–326)
      • Dong'an (東安ㄉㄨㄥ ㄢ) (AD 291–?)
      • Gaomi (高密ㄍㄠ ㄇㄧˋ) (AD 296–420)
      • Jiyang (濟陽ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 300, AD 301–302)
      • Linhuai (臨淮ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ) (AD 300, AD 308–311)
      • Xiangyang (襄陽ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 300–311)
      • Nanping (南平ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (?–AD 301)
      • Jingzhao (京兆ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 301)
      • Guangping (廣平ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 301)
      • Bacheng (霸城ㄅㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 301)
      • Huailing (淮陵ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 301–420)
      • Jiyang (棘陽ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 301–?)
      • Yidu (宜都ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ) (AD 301–?)
      • Guangyang (廣陽ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 302)
      • Xinye (新野ㄒㄧㄣ ㄧㄝˇ) (AD 302–311)
      • Zhongdu (中都ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄨ) (AD 304–306)
      • Lujiang (廬江ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ) (AD 304–306)
      • Wuling (武陵ㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 304–371, AD 387–420)
      • Ruyang (汝陽ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 305–311)
      • Nandun (南頓ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ) (AD 305–326)
      • Shangyong (上庸ㄕㄤˋ ㄩㄥ) (?–AD 306)
      • Dongyan (東燕ㄉㄨㄥ ㄧㄢ) (AD 306–307)
      • Lecheng (樂成ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 306–330)
      • Guangchuan (廣川ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄨㄢ) (?–AD 307)
      • Jingling (竟陵ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 307–311)
      • Huarong (華容ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (AD 307–311)
      • Xincai (新蔡ㄒㄧㄣ ㄘㄞˋ) (AD 307–420)
      • Xincai (新蔡ㄒㄧㄣ ㄘㄞˋ) (?–AD 308)
      • Sui (ㄙㄨㄟˊ) (?–AD 311)
      • Liangcheng (良城ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (?–AD 311)
      • Jiyin (濟陰ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ) (?–AD 311)
      • Jin (ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 317–318, AD 319–320)
      • Yiyang (弋陽ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 326–329)
      • Kuaiji (會稽ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧ) (AD 327–417)
      • Xinning (新寧ㄒㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄥˊ) (AD 384–387)
      • Linchuan (臨川ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 384–420)
  • Tuyuhun (吐谷渾ㄊㄨˇ ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄣˊ) (AD 284–608, AD 615–663) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Qinghai (青海ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 663–9th century)
  • Qiuchi (仇池ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄔˊ) (AD 296–371, AD 385–442, AD 443–477, AD 478–580) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Di descent
    • Former Qiuchi (前仇池ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄔˊ) (AD 296–371)
    • Later Qiuchi (後仇池ㄏㄡˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄔˊ) (AD 385–442)
    • Wudu (武都ㄨˇ ㄉㄨ) (AD 443–477)
    • Wuxing (武興ㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥ) (AD 478–506, AD 529–553)
    • Yinping (陰平ㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 479–580)
  • Mu'ege (慕俄格ㄇㄨˋ ㄝˊ ㄍㄜˊ) (AD 300–1698) – Ruled by the House of An () of Yi descent
    • Chiefdom of Shuixi (水西土司ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1279–1698)
  • Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 304–439)
    • Han-Zhao (漢趙ㄏㄢˋ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 304–329) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Xiongnu descent
      • Northern Han (北漢ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 304–319)
      • Former Zhao (前趙ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 319–329)
    • Cheng-Han (成漢ㄔㄥˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 304–347) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Di descent
      • Chengdu (成都ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ) (AD 304–306)
      • Cheng (ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 306–338)
      • Han (ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 338–347)
    • Later Zhao (後趙ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 319–351) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Jie descent
      • Wei (ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 350)
    • Former Liang (前涼ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 320–376) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
      • Xiping (西平ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 324–353, AD 355, AD 361–376)
    • Former Yan (前燕ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄢ) (AD 337–370) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Former Qin (前秦ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ) (AD 351–394) – Ruled by the House of Fu () of Di descent
    • Later Yan (後燕ㄏㄡˋ ㄧㄢ) (AD 384–409) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Later Qin (後秦ㄏㄡˋ ㄑㄧㄣˊ) (AD 384–417) – Ruled by the House of Yao () of Qiang descent
    • Western Qin (西秦ㄒㄧ ㄑㄧㄣˊ) (AD 385–400, AD 409–431) – Ruled by the House of Qifu (乞伏) of Xianbei descent
      • Yuanchuan (苑川ㄩㄢˋ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 387–388)
      • Henan (河南ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 388–389, AD 394, AD 411–414)
      • Jincheng (金城ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 389–394)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 394–395)
    • Later Liang (後涼ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 386–403) – Ruled by the House of Lü () of Di descent
      • Jiuquan (酒泉ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ) (AD 386–389)
      • Sanhe (三河ㄙㄢ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 389–396)
    • Southern Liang (南涼ㄋㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 397–404, AD 408–414) – Ruled by the House of Tufa (禿髮) of Xianbei descent
      • Xiping (西平ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 397–398)
      • Wuwei (武威ㄨˇ ㄨㄟ) (AD 398–401)
      • Hexi (河西ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ) (AD 401–402)
    • Northern Liang (北涼ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 397–439) – Ruled by the House of Juqu (沮渠) of Lushuihu descent
      • Jiankang (建康ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄎㄤ) (AD 397–399)
      • Zhangye (張掖ㄓㄤ ㄧㄝˋ) (AD 401–412)
      • Hexi (河西ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ) (AD 412–431, AD 433–439)
      • Northern Liang of Gaochang (高昌北涼ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 442–460)
    • Southern Yan (南燕ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄢ) (AD 398–410) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Western Liang (西涼ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 400–421) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
      • Later Western Liang (後西涼ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 422–442)
    • Hu Xia (胡夏ㄏㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 407–431) – Ruled by the House of Helian (赫連) of Xiongnu descent
    • Northern Yan (北燕ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄢ) (AD 407–436) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Han descent
  • Tuoba tribe (拓拔部ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–AD 310) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
  • Dai (ㄉㄞˋ) (AD 310–376) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
  • Dingling state (丁零ㄉㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 330–388) – Ruled by the House of Zhai () of Dingling descent
  • Rouran Khaganate (柔然ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ) (AD 330–555) – Ruled by the House of Yujiulü (郁久閭) of Rouran descent
  • Cuan-shi (爨氏ㄘㄨㄢˋ ㄕˋ) (AD 330–580) – Ruled by the House of Cuan () of Cuanman descent
    • Western Cuan (西爨ㄒㄧ ㄘㄨㄢˋ) (AD 580–786)
    • Eastern Cuan (東爨ㄉㄨㄥ ㄘㄨㄢˋ) (AD 672–748)
  • Yuwen tribe (宇文部ㄩˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–AD 345) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
  • Ran Wei (冉魏ㄖㄢˇ ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 350–352) – Ruled by the House of Ran () of Han descent
  • Western Yan (西燕ㄒㄧ ㄧㄢ) (AD 384–394) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Jibei (濟北ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ) (AD 384)
  • Xianyu Zhao (鮮于趙ㄒㄧㄢ ㄩˊ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 385) – Ruled by the House of Xianyu (鮮于)
  • Northern and Southern dynasties (南北朝ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 386–589)
    • Northern dynasties (北朝ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 386–581)
      • Northern Wei (北魏ㄅㄟˇ ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 386–535) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓跋) of Xianbei descent
        • Eastern Wei (東魏ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 534–550)
        • Western Wei (西魏ㄒㄧ ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 535–557)
      • Northern Qi (北齊ㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 550–577) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Han descent
      • Northern Zhou (北周ㄅㄟˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 557–581) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
    • Southern dynasties (南朝ㄋㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 420–589)
      • Liu Song (劉宋ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
      • Southern Qi (南齊ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Han descent
      • Liang dynasty (梁朝ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 502–557) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Han descent
      • Chen dynasty (陳朝ㄔㄣˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 557–589) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Han descent
  • Zhai Wei (翟魏ㄓㄞˊ ㄨㄟˋ) (AD 388–392) – Ruled by the House of Zhai () of Dingling descent
  • Southern Daifang (南帶方ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄤ) (AD 4th century–5th century)
  • Huan Chu (桓楚ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 403–404) – Ruled by the House of Huan () of Han descent
  • Western Shu (西蜀ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 405–413) – Ruled by the House of Qiao () of Han descent
  • Tiefu tribe (鐵弗部ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–AD 407) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Xiongnu descent
  • Northern Jin (北晉ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 414–415) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Liu Song (劉宋藩王國ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 420–479)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Song (劉宋同姓藩王國ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
      • Yidu (宜都ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ) (AD 420–424)
      • Pengcheng (彭城ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 420–445)
      • Luling (廬陵ㄌㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 420–424, AD 426–477)
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (AD 420–479)
      • Linchuan (臨川ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 420–479)
      • Yingyang (營陽ㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 424)
      • Jingling (竟陵ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 424–432, AD 453–459)
      • Jiangxia (江夏ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 424–479)
      • Hengyang (衡陽ㄏㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 424–479)
      • Nanqiao (南譙ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄠˊ) (AD 432–453)
      • Nanfeng (南豐ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ) (AD 432–479)
      • Wuling (武陵ㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 435–453, AD 470–479)
      • Shixing (始興ㄕˇ ㄒㄧㄥ) (AD 436–453)
      • Nanping (南平ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 439–478)
      • Guangling (廣陵ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 443–449)
      • Jianping (建平ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 444–476)
      • Yiyang (義陽ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 445–467)
      • Donghai (東海ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 445–468)
      • Ruyin (汝陰ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 447–452)
      • Huaiyang (淮陽ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 448–452)
      • Sui (ㄙㄨㄟˊ) (AD 449–453)
      • Wuchang (武昌ㄨˇ ㄔㄤ) (AD 452–455)
      • Xiangdong (湘東ㄒㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄥ) (AD 452–465)
      • Jian'an (建安ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄢ) (AD 452–471)
      • Nan (ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 453–454)
      • Yiyang (宜陽ㄧˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 453–454)
      • Dongping (東平ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 454–470)
      • Hailing (海陵ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 455–461)
      • Shanyang (山陽ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 455–468)
      • Poyang (鄱陽ㄆㄛˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 455–471)
      • Shunyang (順陽ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 456–457)
      • Xiyang (西陽ㄒㄧ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 456–461)
      • Baling (巴陵ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 456–479)
      • Guiyang (桂陽ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 457–474)
      • Anlu (安陸ㄢ ㄌㄨˋ) (AD 458–465)
      • Xiangyang (襄陽ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 460)
      • Liyang (歷陽ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 460–461)
      • Jin'an (晉安ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄢ) (AD 460–466)
      • Xunyang (尋陽ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 460–466)
      • Xin'an (新安ㄒㄧㄣ ㄢ) (AD 460–467)
      • Yuzhang (豫章ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ) (AD 461–465)
      • Linhai (臨海ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 461–466)
      • Yongjia (永嘉ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄚ) (AD 461–466)
      • Shi'an (始安ㄕˇ ㄢ) (AD 461–466, AD 471–476)
      • Jinling (晉陵ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 462)
      • Shaoling (邵陵ㄕㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 462–466, AD 474–479)
      • Linhe (臨賀ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄜˋ) (AD 463–465)
      • Nanhai (南海ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 463–465)
      • Huainan (淮南ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 463–466)
      • Ancheng (安成ㄢ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 466, AD 471–477)
      • Jinxi (晉熙ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧ) (AD 467–479)
      • Shiping (始平ㄕˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 467–479)
      • Lujiang (廬江ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ) (AD 468–469)
      • Jinping (晉平ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 468–471)
      • Linqing (臨慶ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ) (AD 470–471)
      • Nanyang (南陽ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 476–478)
      • Xinxing (新興ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ) (AD 476–479)
      • Shijian (始建ㄕˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ) (AD 476–479)
      • Suiyang (隨陽ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 478–479)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Song (劉宋異姓藩王國ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 420–479)
      • Lingling (零陵ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
      • Chenliu (陳留ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ) (AD 421–479) – Ruled by the House of Cao () of Han descent
      • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 479) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Han descent
  • Yifu Wudi (乙弗勿敵ㄧˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄨˋ ㄉㄧˊ) (?–AD 429) – Ruled by the House of Yifu (乙弗) of Xianbei descent
  • Dengzhi (鄧至ㄉㄥˋ ㄓˋ) (AD 430–554) – Ruled by the House of Xiang () of Qiang descent
  • Gaochang (高昌ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ) (AD 460–640)
    • Gaochang of Kan-shi (闞氏高昌ㄎㄢˋ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ) (AD 460–488) – Ruled by the House of Kan ()
    • Gaochang of Zhang-shi (張氏高昌ㄓㄤ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ) (AD 488–496) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
    • Gaochang of Ma-shi (馬氏高昌ㄇㄚˇ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ) (AD 496–501) – Ruled by the House of Ma ()
    • Gaochang of Qu-shi (麴氏高昌ㄑㄩ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ) (AD 501–640) – Ruled by the House of Qu () of Han descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Southern Qi (南齊藩王國ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 479–502)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Southern Qi (南齊同姓藩王國ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Han descent
      • Nan (ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 479–493, ?–AD 498)
      • Guiyang (桂陽ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 479–494, AD 495–498, ?–AD 502)
      • Shi'an (始安ㄕˇ ㄢ) (AD 479–502)
      • Yuzhang (豫章ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ) (AD 479–502)
      • Linchuan (臨川ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 479–502)
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (AD 479–502)
      • Wuling (武陵ㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 479–502)
      • Ancheng (安成ㄢ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 479–502)
      • Hengyang (衡陽ㄏㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 479–494, AD 495–502)
      • Poyang (鄱陽ㄆㄛˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 479–494, AD 501–502)
      • Guangxing (廣興ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄥ) (AD 479–?)
      • Jiangxia (江夏ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 481–500)
      • Anlu (安陸ㄢ ㄌㄨˋ) (AD 482–499)
      • Jingling (竟陵ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 482–499)
      • Sui (ㄙㄨㄟˊ) (AD 482–499)
      • Jian'an (建安ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄢ) (AD 482–501)
      • Luling (廬陵ㄌㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 482–502)
      • Jin'an (晉安ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄢ) (AD 482–502)
      • Wuchang (武昌ㄨˇ ㄔㄤ) (AD 483–485)
      • Yidu (宜都ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ) (AD 483–494)
      • Nanping (南平ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 483–495)
      • Nanhai (南海ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 483–495)
      • Baling (巴陵ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 484–494, AD 495–498, AD 499–502)
      • Xiyang (西陽ㄒㄧ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 485–498)
      • Hedong (河東ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄥ) (AD 486–498)
      • Jinxi (晉熙ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧ) (AD 486–494, ?–AD 502)
      • Shaoling (邵陵ㄕㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 486–502)
      • Badong (巴東ㄅㄚ ㄉㄨㄥ) (AD 488–490)
      • Shu (ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 489–495)
      • Guanghan (廣漢ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 489–495)
      • Yongyang (永陽ㄩㄥˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 489–498)
      • Linhe (臨賀ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄜˋ) (AD 489–498)
      • Xuancheng (宣城ㄒㄩㄢ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 489–490, AD 494, AD 500–501)
      • Yi'an (義安ㄧˋ ㄢ) (AD 489–?)
      • Nankang (南康ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄤ) (AD 490–498, AD 499–500)
      • Xiangdong (湘東ㄒㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄥ) (AD 490–498, AD 499–502)
      • Xin'an (新安ㄒㄧㄣ ㄢ) (AD 493–494)
      • Linhai (臨海ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 493–495)
      • Yongjia (永嘉ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄚ) (AD 493–495)
      • Hailing (海陵ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 494)
      • Shixing (始興ㄕˇ ㄒㄧㄥ) (?–AD 502)
      • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 502)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Southern Qi (南齊異姓藩王國ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 479–502)
      • Lingling (零陵ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
      • Ruyin (汝陰ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
  • Gaoche (高車ㄍㄠ ㄔㄜ) (AD 487–541) – Ruled by the House of Fufuluo (副伏羅) of Tiele descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Liang dynasty (梁朝藩王國ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 502–?)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liang dynasty (梁朝同姓藩王國ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 502–?) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Han descent
      • Linchuan (臨川ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ) (AD 502–?, AD 550–557)
      • Changsha (長沙ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ) (AD 503–557)
      • Yongyang (永陽ㄩㄥˇ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 503–?)
      • Hengyang (衡陽ㄏㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 504–?)
      • Guiyang (桂陽ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤˊ) (AD 504–549, AD 550–557)
  • Hou Han (侯漢ㄏㄡˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 551–552) – Ruled by the House of Hou () of Jie descent
  • First Turkic Khaganate (突厥汗國ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 552–581) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
    • Eastern Turkic Khaganate (東突厥ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ) (AD 581–630)
      • Later Eastern Turkic Khaganate (後東突厥ㄏㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ) (AD 639–681)
    • Western Turkic Khaganate (西突厥ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ) (AD 581–657)
      • Xingxiwang Khaganate of Left Wing (左廂興昔亡汗國ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧ ㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 657–736)
      • Jiwangjue Khaganate of Right Wing (右廂繼往絕汗國ㄧㄡˋ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 657–742)
  • Möng Mao (勐卯ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄠˇ) (AD 560–1604)
    • Hunlu–Hunlai dynasty (混魯混賴王朝ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄞˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (?–?)
    • Hundeng dynasty (混等王朝ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (?–?)
    • Yalu dynasty (雅魯王朝ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 954–1330)
    • Si-shi dynasty (思氏王朝ㄙ ㄕˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1335–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Dai descent
  • Tanchang (宕昌ㄊㄢˋ ㄔㄤ) (?–AD 564) – Ruled by the House of Liang () of Qiang descent
  • Sui dynasty (隋朝ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 581–619) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Sizhou (思州土司ㄙ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 582–1413) – Ruled by the House of Tian ()
    • Chiefdom of Sinan (思南土司ㄙ ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1364–1414)
  • Eastern Queendom (東女國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 6th century–8th century)
  • Bolü (勃律ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄩˋ) (AD 6th century–8th century)
    • Lesser Bolü (小勃律ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄩˋ) (AD 7th century–8th century)
    • Greater Bolü (大勃律ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄩˋ) (AD 7th century–8th century)
  • Xueyantuo (薛延陀ㄒㄩㄝ ㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ) (AD 605–646) – Ruled by the House of Yilidie (壹利咥) of Xueyantuo descent
  • Lin Chu (林楚ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 616–622) – Ruled by the House of Lin () of Han descent
  • Xia (ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 617–621) – Ruled by the House of Dou () of Han descent
  • Later Western Liang (後西梁ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 617–621) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Han descent
  • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 617–628) – Ruled by the House of Liang () of Han descent
  • Liang (ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 618–619) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
  • Xu (ㄒㄩˇ) (AD 618–619) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xiongnu descent
  • Tibetan Empire (吐蕃ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ) (AD 618–842) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
  • Tang dynasty (唐朝ㄊㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 618–690, AD 705–907) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
    • Wu Zhou (武周ㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 690–705) – Interrupted the Tang dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wu () of Han descent
  • Zheng (ㄓㄥˋ) (AD 619–621) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Wu (ㄨˊ) (AD 619–621) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Later Sui (後隋ㄏㄡˋ ㄙㄨㄟˊ) (AD 620–630) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Han descent
  • Tokhara Yabghu State (吐火羅葉護國ㄊㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 625–758) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Tangmao (唐旄ㄊㄤˊ ㄇㄠˊ) (?–AD 632)
  • Pugu tribe (僕固部ㄆㄨˊ ㄍㄨˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 647–765) – Ruled by the House of Pugu (僕固) of Tiele descent
  • Second Turkic Khaganate (後突厥ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ) (AD 682–745) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Balhae (渤海ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 698–926) – Ruled by the House of Dae () of Mohe or Goguryeo descent
    • Zhen (ㄓㄣˋ) (AD 698–713)
  • Türgesh Khaganate (突騎施ㄊㄨ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕ) (AD 699–766)
  • Little Gaogouli (小高句麗ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ) (AD 699–820) – Hypothesized
  • Wuluohun (烏羅渾ㄨ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ) (?–AD 7th century)
  • Dahe-shi (大賀氏ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄜˋ ㄕˋ) (?–AD 730) – Ruled by the House of Dahe (大賀) of Khitan descent
  • Yaonian-shi (遙輦氏ㄧㄠˊ ㄋㄧㄢˇ ㄕˋ) (AD 730–906) – Ruled by the House of Yaonian (遙輦) of Khitan descent
  • Basmyl Khaganate (拔悉密汗國ㄅㄚˊ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄧˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 742–744) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Uyghur Khaganate (回鶻汗國ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 744–840) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent and the House of Ädiz (阿跌) of Tiele descent
  • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (AD 756–763)
    • Former Yan (前燕ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄢ) (AD 756–759) – Ruled by the House of An () of Sogdian descent
    • Later Yan (後燕ㄏㄡˋ ㄧㄢ) (AD 759–763) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Göktürk descent
  • Karluk Yabghu State (葛邏祿葉護國ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨˋ ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 756–840) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Ji (ㄐㄧˋ) (AD 782–784) – Ruled by the House of Zhu () of Han descent
  • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 784–786) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
  • Kepantuo (渴盤陀ㄎㄜˇ ㄆㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ) (?–AD 8th century)
  • Tatar confederation (塔塔兒部ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄦˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 8th century–1202)
  • Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate (黠戛斯汗國ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄚˊ ㄙ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 840–1207) – Ruled by the House of Ajo (阿熱) of Yenisei Kyrgyz descent
  • Kara-Khanid Khanate (喀喇汗國ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 840–1212)
    • Eastern Kara-Khanid (東喀喇汗國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1032–1210)
    • Western Kara-Khanid (西喀喇汗國ㄒㄧ ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1041–1212)
  • Qocho Uyghur Kingdom (高昌回鶻ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (AD 843–1360)
  • Guiyi Circuit (歸義軍ㄍㄨㄟ ㄧˋ ㄐㄩㄣ) (AD 851–1036) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent and the House of Cao ()
    • Xihan Jinshan (西漢金山ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ) (AD 910–?)
    • Xihan Dunhuang (西漢敦煌ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ) (?–AD 914)
  • Wamo (嗢末ㄨㄚˋ ㄇㄛˋ) (AD 863–960) – Ruled by the House of Lun () of Tibetan descent
  • Chiefdom of Bozhou (播州土司ㄅㄛ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 876–1600) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Yi descent
  • Era of Fragmentation of Tibet (吐蕃分裂時期ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ ㄈㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄕˊ ㄑㄧ) (AD 877–1264)
    • Lhachen dynasty (拉達克王系ㄌㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (AD 930–1460)
    • Guge dynasty (古格王系ㄍㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (AD 967–1635) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
      • Purang-Guge Kingdom (普蘭-古格王國ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Yatse dynasty (亞澤王系ㄧㄚˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (AD 12th century–1801)
    • Lhasa dynasty (拉薩王系ㄌㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (?–?)
    • Yarlung dynasty (雅隆覺阿王系ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
    • Puhrang dynasty (普蘭王系ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
    • Gungthang dynasty (貢塘王系ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄤˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
    • Lhagyari dynasty (拉加里王系ㄌㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ) (?–?)
  • Huang Qi (黃齊ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 881–884) – Ruled by the House of Huang () of Han descent
  • Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (甘州回鶻ㄍㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (AD 894–1036) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent
  • Kucha Uyghur Kingdom (龜茲回鶻ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (AD 9th century–11th century)
  • Qi (ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 901–924) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
  • Later Three Dynasties of Yunnan (雲南後三朝ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄙㄢ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 902–937)
    • Dachanghe (大長和ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ) (AD 902–928) – Ruled by the House of Zheng () of Han descent
    • Datianxing (大天興ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄥ) (AD 928–929) – Ruled by the House of Zhao ()
    • Dayining (大義寧ㄉㄚˋ ㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ) (AD 929–937) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Han descent
  • Liugu tribe (六谷部ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 906–1016) – Ruled by the House of Zhebu (折逋) of Tibetan descent
  • Shatuo tribe (沙陀部ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–AD 907) – Ruled by the House of Zhuye (朱邪) of Shatuo descent
  • Zhao (ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 907–921) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Uyghur descent
  • Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 907–979)
    • Five Dynasties (五代ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ) (AD 907–960)
      • Later Liang (後梁ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 907–923) – Ruled by the House of Zhu () of Han descent
      • Later Tang (後唐ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄤˊ) (AD 923–937) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Shatuo descent
        • Former Jin (前晉ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 907–923)
        • Li Liang (李梁ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ) (AD 946–947)
      • Later Jin (後晉ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ) (AD 936–947) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Shatuo descent
      • Later Han (後漢ㄏㄡˋ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 947–951) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Shatuo descent
      • Later Zhou (後周ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄡ) (AD 951–960) – Ruled by the House of Guo () of Han descent
    • Ten Kingdoms (十國ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 907–979)
      • Former Shu (前蜀ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 907–925) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
        • Han (ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 917–918)
      • Yang Wu (楊吳ㄧㄤˊ ㄨˊ) (AD 907–937) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Han descent
        • Hongnong (弘農ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄥˊ) (AD 905–910)
      • Ma Chu (馬楚ㄇㄚˇ ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 907–951) – Ruled by the House of Ma () of Han descent
      • Wuyue (吳越ㄨˊ ㄩㄝˋ) (AD 907–978) – Ruled by the House of Qian () of Han descent
      • Min (ㄇㄧㄣˇ) (AD 909–945) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
        • Yin (ㄧㄣ) (AD 943–945)
      • Southern Han (南漢ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 917–971) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
        • Yue (ㄩㄝˋ) (AD 917)
      • Jingnan (荊南ㄐㄧㄥ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 924–963) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Han descent
        • Bohai (渤海ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 913–924, AD 932–934)
        • Nanping (南平ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 924–929, AD 934–960)
      • Later Shu (後蜀ㄏㄡˋ ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 934–965) – Ruled by the House of Meng () of Han descent
      • Southern Tang (南唐ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄤˊ) (AD 937–976) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
        • Xu Qi (徐齊ㄒㄩˊ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 937–939)
        • Jiangnan (江南ㄐㄧㄤ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 971–976)
      • Northern Han (北漢ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 951–979) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Shatuo descent
  • Beiping (北平ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ) (AD 909–929) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Han descent
  • Yan (ㄧㄢ) (AD 911–913) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
  • Liao dynasty (遼朝ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 916–1125) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
    • Northern Liao (北遼ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1122–1123)
    • Northwestern Liao (西北遼ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1123)
    • Western Liao (西遼ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1124–1218)
  • Dongdan (東丹ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄢ) (AD 926–936) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Later Bohai (後渤海ㄏㄡˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 928–976) – Ruled by the House of Da () of Mohe descent
  • Dali (大理ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ) (AD 937–1094, AD 1096–1253) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Baiman descent
    • Former Dali (前大理ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ) (AD 937–1094)
    • Later Dali (後大理ㄏㄡˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ) (AD 1096–1253)
    • Dali Chief Steward (大理總管ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨㄢˇ) (AD 1257–1382)
  • Jeongan (定安ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄢ) (AD 938–986) – Ruled by the House of Yeol () and the House of Oh ()
  • Song dynasty (宋朝ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 960–1279) – Ruled by the House of Zhao () of Han descent
    • Northern Song (北宋ㄅㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄥˋ) (AD 960–1127)
    • Southern Song (南宋ㄋㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ) (AD 1127–1279)
  • Chiefdom of Shuidong (水東土司ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 975–1630) – Ruled by the House of Song ()
  • Restored Bohai (再興渤海ㄗㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 979–1018) – Ruled by the House of Da () of Mohe descent
  • Li Shu (李蜀ㄌㄧˇ ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 994) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Han descent
  • Wure (兀惹ㄨˋ ㄖㄜˇ) (AD 995–996) – Ruled by the House of Wu ()
  • Five Nations (五國部ㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1003–?)
    • Pou'ali (剖阿里ㄆㄡ ㄚ ㄌㄧˇ) (?–?)
    • Aolimi (奧里米ㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ) (?–?)
    • Yuelidu (越里篤ㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄨˇ) (?–?)
    • Pennuli (盆奴里ㄆㄣˊ ㄋㄨˊ ㄌㄧˇ) (?–?)
    • Yueliji (越里吉ㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Xingliao (興遼ㄒㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1029–1030) – Ruled by the House of Da () of Mohe descent
  • Changqi (長其ㄔㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 1029–1055) – Ruled by the House of Nungz () of Zhuang descent
    • Dali (大歷ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ) (AD 1041–1045)
    • Nantian (南天ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄢ) (AD 1045–1052)
    • Danan (大南ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 1052–1055)
  • Tsongkha (唃廝囉國ㄍㄨ ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1032–1104) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
  • Tuoba tribe (拓拔部ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–AD 1038) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Tangut descent
  • Western Xia (西夏ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 1038–1227) – Ruled by the House of Weiming (嵬名) of Tangut descent
  • Luoshi Kingdom (羅氏鬼國ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1042–1278)
  • Yongkang Aboriginal County (永康土縣ㄩㄥˇ ㄎㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 1053–1472) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Mingying Aboriginal Prefecture (茗盈土州ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1053–1916) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Xialei Aboriginal Prefecture (下雷土州ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄟˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1053–1928)
  • Nadi Aboriginal Prefecture (那地土州ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1068–1927)
  • Shazhou Uyghur Kingdom (沙州回鶻ㄕㄚ ㄓㄡ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (?–AD 1071)
  • Nandan Aboriginal Prefecture (南丹土州ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1080–1919) – Ruled by the House of Mo () of Zhuang descent
  • Dazhong (大中ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄨㄥ) (AD 1094–1096) – Interrupted the Dali Kingdom; Ruled by the House of Gao () of Baiman descent
    • Chiefdom of Yao'an (姚安土司ㄧㄠˊ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1147–1729)
    • Chiefdom of Heqing (鶴慶土司ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1253–1437)
    • Chiefdom of Yongsheng (永勝土司ㄩㄥˇ ㄕㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1946)
  • Keraite state (克烈ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ) (AD 11th century–13th century)
  • Chiefdom of Baishan (白山土司ㄅㄞˊ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 11th century–1915)
  • Zhongzhou Aboriginal Prefecture (忠州土州ㄓㄨㄥ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1916)
  • Sizhou Aboriginal Prefecture (思州土州ㄙ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1916)
  • Quanming Aboriginal Prefecture (全茗土州ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1916) – Ruled by the House of Xu ()
  • Zhenyuan Aboriginal Prefecture (鎮遠土州ㄓㄣˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1916)
  • Jie'an Aboriginal Prefecture (結安土州ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1916) – Ruled by the House of Zhang ()
  • Shangying Aboriginal Prefecture (上映土州ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1917)
  • Guide Aboriginal Prefecture (歸德土州ㄍㄨㄟ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1917) – Ruled by the House of Huang ()
  • Jiangzhou Aboriginal Prefecture (江州土州ㄐㄧㄤ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1918)
  • Xiashixi Aboriginal Prefecture (下石西土州ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1927)
  • Luoyang Aboriginal County (羅陽土縣ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 11th century–1927) – Ruled by the House of Huang ()
  • Luobai Aboriginal County (羅白土縣ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 11th century–1927)
  • Taiping Aboriginal Prefecture (太平土州ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 11th century–1928) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Shanglin Aboriginal County (上林土縣ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 11th century–1928)
  • Chiefdom of Lingtsang (林蔥土司ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 11th century–1959)
  • Ziqi (自杞ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˇ) (AD 1100–1259)
  • Fengshan Aboriginal Prefecture (鳳山土州ㄈㄥˋ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1106–1926)
  • Jin dynasty (金朝ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1115–1234) – Ruled by the House of Wanyan (完顏) of Jurchen descent
  • Great Bohai (大渤海ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ) (AD 1116) – Ruled by the House of Gao ()
  • Xi (ㄒㄧ) (AD 1123) – Ruled by the House of Xiao () of Kumo Xi descent
  • Chu (ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 1127) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Shizhu (石砫土司ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1129–1761) – Ruled by the House of Ma () of Tujia descent
  • Liu Qi (劉齊ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 1130–1137) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Han descent
  • Shizhu Anfusi Qianshi (石砫安撫司僉事ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄙ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ) (AD 1131–1599) – Ruled by the House of Ran ()
  • Khamag Mongol (蒙兀ㄇㄥˇ ㄨˋ) (AD 1148–1171) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Former Northwestern Liao (前西北遼ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1161–1164) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Ren Chu (任楚ㄖㄣˊ ㄔㄨˇ) (AD 1170) – Ruled by the House of Ren () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Nangqên (囊謙土司ㄋㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1175–1955) – Ruled by the House of Zhi () of Tibetan descent
  • Chiang Hung (景隴金殿國ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1180–1950)
    • Chiefdom of Cheli (車里土司ㄔㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1384–?)
  • Later Northwestern Liao (後西北遼ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1196) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Imucu (伊姆諸ㄧ ㄇㄨˇ ㄓㄨ) (AD 12th century–1925)
  • Chiefdom of Luowu (羅婺土司ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 12th century–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Feng ()
  • Naiman state (乃蠻ㄋㄞˇ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–AD 1206) – Ruled by the House of Güčügüt (古出古惕) of Naiman descent
    • Northern Naiman (北乃蠻ㄅㄟˇ ㄋㄞˇ ㄇㄢˊ) (AD 1198–1204)
    • Southern Naiman (南乃蠻ㄋㄢˊ ㄋㄞˇ ㄇㄢˊ) (AD 1198–1206)
  • Mongol Empire (蒙古帝國ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1206–1368) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Ögedei Khanate (窩闊台汗國ㄨㄛ ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1225–1309)
    • Chagatai Khanate (察合台汗國ㄔㄚˊ ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1225–1346)
      • Western Chagatai Khanate (西察合台汗國ㄒㄧ ㄔㄚˊ ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1346–1402)
      • Eastern Chagatai Khanate (東察合台汗國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄚˊ ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1347–1680)
        • Beshbalik (別失八里ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄕ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˇ) (AD 1389–1418)
        • Ili Baliq (亦力把里ㄧˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ) (AD 1418–1508)
        • Turpan Khanate (吐魯番汗國ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1487–1660)
        • Yarkent Khanate (葉爾羌汗國ㄧㄝˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧㄤ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1514–1705)
    • Yuan dynasty (元朝ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1271–1368)
      • Northern Yuan (北元ㄅㄟˇ ㄩㄢˊ) (AD 1368–1635)
        • Tatar state (韃靼ㄉㄚˊ ㄉㄚˊ) (AD 1388–1635)
          • Tüsheet Khanate (土謝圖汗部ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1691–1923)
          • Setsen Khanate (車臣汗部ㄔㄜ ㄔㄣˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1691–1923)
          • Jasaghtu Khanate (札薩克圖汗部ㄓㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1691–1923)
            • Altan Khanate (阿拉坦汗部ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄢˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1609–1691)
          • Sain Noyan Khanate (賽音諾顏汗部ㄙㄞˋ ㄧㄣ ㄋㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1731–1923)
  • Wu Shu (吳蜀ㄨˊ ㄕㄨˇ) (AD 1207) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Han descent
  • Eastern Liao (東遼ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1213–1269) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
    • Later Liao (後遼ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (AD 1216–1219)
  • Eastern Xia (東夏ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 1215–1233) – Ruled by the House of Puxian (蒲鮮) of Jurchen descent
  • Möng Kawng (孟拱ㄇㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄥˇ) (AD 1215–1796)
  • Kingdom of Mangalai (曼尕賴ㄇㄢˋ ㄍㄚˇ ㄌㄞˋ) (AD 1220–1877)
  • Laduijiang (拉堆絳ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄟ ㄐㄧㄤˋ) (AD 1227–1610)
  • Sakya dynasty (薩迦王朝ㄙㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1253–1358) – Ruled by the House of Khön () of Tibetan descent
  • Ningzhou Tuzhizhou (寧州土知州ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1254–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (祿) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Luomeng (落蒙土司ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1255–1270) – Ruled by the House of Uriankhai (兀良哈)
  • Chiefdom of Menggen (孟艮土司ㄇㄥˋ ㄍㄣˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1263–1959) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Two Petty Principalities under the Yuan dynasty (元朝二小王國ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄦˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1269–?) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Principality of Xiping (西平王國ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1269–?)
    • Principality of Liang (梁王國ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1290–1382)
  • Chiefdom of Wusa (烏撒土司ㄨ ㄙㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1276–1666)
  • Chiefdom of Wumeng (烏蒙土司ㄨ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1276–1727)
  • Chiefdom of Mangbu (芒部土司ㄇㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1276–1727) – Ruled by the House of Long () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Manyi (蠻夷土司ㄇㄢˊ ㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1276–19th century) – Ruled by the House of Wen ()
  • Chiefdom of Malong Prefecture (馬龍州土司ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1276–?) – Ruled by the House of An () of Yi descent
  • Mengzi County Tuxiancheng (蒙自縣土縣丞ㄇㄥˊ ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 1276–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Tong'an Prefecture (通安州土司ㄊㄨㄥ ㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1277–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Chuxiong Tuxunjian (楚雄土巡檢ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 13th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Mongol descent
  • Chiefdom of Rongmei (容美土司ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄟˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1310–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tian () of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Shunning Prefecture (順寧府土司ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1327–?) – Ruled by the House of Meng () of
    Blang
    descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengqing (蒙慶土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1327–?)
  • Babai Dengchu Xuanweisi (八百等處宣慰司ㄅㄚ ㄅㄞˇ ㄉㄥˇ ㄔㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ) (AD 1331–?, AD 1346–?)
  • Three Great Principalities under the Yuan dynasty (元朝三大王國ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄙㄢ ㄉㄚˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–AD 1332) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Principality of Beiping (北平王國ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–AD 1282)
    • Principality of Yan (燕王國ㄧㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1262–1331)
    • Principality of Anxi (安西王國ㄢ ㄒㄧ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1272–1332)
  • Chiefdom of Langqu (蒗蕖土司ㄌㄤˋ ㄑㄩˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1332–1917) – Ruled by the House of A ()
  • Chiefdom of Laogao (老告土司ㄌㄠˇ ㄍㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1338–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jindong (金峒土司ㄐㄧㄣ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1346–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Tujia descent
  • Tianwan (天完ㄊㄧㄢ ㄨㄢˊ) (AD 1351–1360) – Ruled by the House of Xu () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhongxiao (忠孝土司ㄓㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1351–1734) – Ruled by the House of Tian () of Tujia descent
  • Zhang Zhou (張周ㄓㄤ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1354–1357) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
    • Zhang Wu (張吳ㄓㄤ ㄨˊ) (AD 1363–1367)
  • Phagmodrupa dynasty (帕木竹巴ㄆㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄅㄚ) (AD 1354–1618) – Ruled by the House of rLangs Lha-gzigs (朗林色) of Tibetan descent
  • Han Song (韓宋ㄏㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ) (AD 1355–1366) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Tangya (唐崖土司ㄊㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1355–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Mongol descent
  • Chen Han (陳漢ㄔㄣˊ ㄏㄢˋ) (AD 1360–1364) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Han descent
  • Shangxiadong Aboriginal Prefecture (上下凍土州ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1360–1927)
  • Ming Xia (明夏ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ) (AD 1363–1371) – Ruled by the House of Ming () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Maogang (茅岡土司ㄇㄠˊ ㄍㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1364–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Tujia descent
  • Ming dynasty (明朝ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1368–1644) – Ruled by the House of Zhu () of Han descent
    • Western Wu (西吳ㄒㄧ ㄨˊ) (AD 1364–1368)
    • Southern Ming (南明ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ) (AD 1644–1662)
  • Chiefdom of Tianping (添平土司ㄊㄧㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1369–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Tujia descent
  • Wancheng Aboriginal Prefecture (萬承土州ㄨㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1369–1927) – Ruled by the House of Xu ()
  • Chiefdom of Qianlongdong (遷隆峒土司ㄑㄧㄢ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1369–1927)
  • Chiefdom of Shanglong (上龍土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1369–1928)
  • Chiefdom of Zhonglu (忠路土司ㄓㄨㄥ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1371–1390, AD 1407–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Tujia descent
  • Xundian Tuzhifu (尋甸土知府ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ) (AD 1372–?)
  • Chiefdom of Gaoluo (高羅土司ㄍㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1373–?, AD 1407–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tian () of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Biligongwa (必力工瓦土司ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1373–?)
  • Chiefdom of Baojing Prefecture (保靖州土司ㄅㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–1729) – Ruled by the House of Peng ()
  • Chiefdom of Duogandan (朵甘丹土司ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄉㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duogancangtang (朵甘倉溏土司ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄘㄤ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Duogansi Xuanweishisi (朵甘思宣慰使司ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄙ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄕˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Duogansi Zhaotaosi (朵甘思招討司ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄙ ㄓㄠ ㄊㄠˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Duogansi Qianhusuo (朵甘思千戶所ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄙ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄏㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄛˇ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duoganchuan (朵甘川土司ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duoganlongda (朵甘隴答土司ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mo'erkan (磨兒勘土司ㄇㄛˊ ㄦˊ ㄎㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dasima (答思麻土司ㄉㄚˊ ㄙ ㄇㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Changhexi (長河西土司ㄔㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Longmu (隴木土司ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Chiefdom of Jingzhou (靜州土司ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong ()
  • Chiefdom of Yuexipeng (岳希蓬土司ㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧ ㄆㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1374–?) – Ruled by the House of Kun ()
  • Chiefdom of Yimeidong (邑梅洞土司ㄧˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–1736)
  • Chiefdom of Sha'erke (沙兒可土司ㄕㄚ ㄦˊ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Naizhu (乃竹土司ㄋㄞˇ ㄓㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Luosiduan (羅思端土司ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Elisi (俄力思土司ㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dalong (答籠土司ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shiyedong (石耶洞土司ㄕˊ ㄧㄝ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1375–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Donglan Aboriginal Prefecture (東蘭土州ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1379–1729)
  • Kara Del (哈密國ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1380–1513) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Kingdom of Mustang (木斯塘王國ㄇㄨˋ ㄙ ㄊㄤˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1380–2008)
  • Chiefdom of Yongning (永寧土司ㄩㄥˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–1956) – Ruled by the House of A () of Mosuo descent
  • Chiefdom of Baishuiguan (白水關土司ㄅㄞˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Chiefdom of Anning Prefecture (安寧州土司ㄢ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Nan'an Prefecture (南安州土司ㄋㄢˊ ㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Chiefdom of Lubiao (祿脿土司ㄌㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄠ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Axidongcu (阿昔洞簇土司ㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Baimalucu (白馬路簇土司ㄅㄞˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Beidingcu (北定簇土司ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lazacu (蠟匝簇土司ㄌㄚˋ ㄗㄚ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Maizacu (麥匝簇土司ㄇㄞˋ ㄗㄚ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zheduocu (者多簇土司ㄓㄜˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Moulijiecu (牟力結簇土司ㄇㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Qimingcu (祈命簇土司ㄑㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Leducu (勒都簇土司ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄨ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Baozangcu (包藏簇土司ㄅㄠ ㄗㄤˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jinshajiang (金沙江土司ㄢ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of De ()
  • Lijiang Tuzhifu (麗江土知府ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ) (AD 1382–1723) – Ruled by the House of Mu () of Nakhi descent
  • Chiefdom of Situodian (思陀甸土司ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–1912)
  • Chiefdom of Lujiang (潞江土司ㄌㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–1956) – Ruled by the House of Nang () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengding (孟定土司ㄇㄥˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent and the House of Han () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yangsiduo (仰思多土司ㄧㄤˇ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shaqiaoyi (沙橋驛土司ㄕㄚ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lesser Pingfa (小平伐土司ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?)
  • Chiefdom of Chengjiang Prefecture (澄江府土司ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lunan Prefecture (路南州土司ㄌㄨˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Qin () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Guangnan Prefecture (廣南府土司ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Nong () of Zhuang descent
  • Chiefdom of Luoxiong Prefecture (羅雄州土司ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhe () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Qujing Prefecture (曲靖府土司ㄑㄩ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Guanjianshan (觀間山土司ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Xuanhuaguan (宣化關土司ㄒㄩㄢ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Luo () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mishajing (彌沙井土司ㄇㄧˊ ㄕㄚ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha ()
  • Chiefdom of Guanyinshanyi (觀音山驛土司ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Guo () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yimen County (易門縣土司ㄧˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Dengchuan Prefecture (鄧川州土司ㄉㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of A () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Dali Prefecture (大理府土司ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Caojian (漕澗土司ㄘㄠˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zuo ()
  • Chiefdom of Qingsuobi (青索鼻土司ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄅㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Annanpo (安南坡土司ㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Fengyuxiang (鳳羽鄉土司ㄈㄥˋ ㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yin () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Upper Jiangzui (上江嘴土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shijing (師井土司ㄕ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shenmodong (神摩洞土司ㄕㄣˊ ㄇㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shundangjing (順蕩井土司ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shundangyanjing (順蕩鹽井土司ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄤˋ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Langqiong County (浪穹縣土司ㄌㄤˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Deshengguanyi (德勝關驛土司ㄉㄜˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yunnanyi (雲南驛土司ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yuan ()
  • Chiefdom of Erxiyi (洱西驛土司ㄦˇ ㄒㄧ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Guangtong (廣通土司ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Nalouchadian (納樓茶甸土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄡˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Kuirongdian (虧容甸土司ㄎㄨㄟ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Entuodian (恩陀甸土司ㄣ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Xichudian (溪處甸土司ㄒㄧ ㄔㄨˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Diexi (疊溪土司ㄉㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yu ()
  • Chiefdom of Yingwuguan (英武關土司ㄧㄥ ㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhennanguan (鎮南關土司ㄓㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shayi (沙矣土司ㄕㄚ ㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Su ()
  • Chiefdom of Wazha (瓦渣土司ㄨㄚˇ ㄓㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Qian () of Hani descent
  • Heqing Tutongzhi (鶴慶土同知ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Heqing Tuzhishi (鶴慶土知事ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄕˋ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Bai descent
  • Huidengguan Tuxunjian (回蹬關土巡檢ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Yi descent
  • Huidengguan Tuxunjian (回蹬關土巡檢ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Cheng ()
  • Chuxiong County Tuxiancheng (楚雄縣土縣丞ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Dingyuan County Tuzhubu (定遠縣土主簿ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Xi'e County Tuzhixian (嶍峨縣土知縣ㄒㄧˊ ㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (祿) of Yi descent
  • Heqing Prefecture Tuyicheng (鶴慶州土驛丞ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Tian () of Bai descent
  • Zhennan Prefecture Tupanguan (鎮南州土判官ㄓㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Chen ()
  • Baoshan Prefecture Tuzhizhou (寶山州土知州ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of He () of Nakhi descent
  • Shi'erguan Tuxunjian (十二關土巡檢ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Bai descent
  • Shi'erguan Tuxunjian (十二關土巡檢ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Bai descent
  • Chuxiong Prefecture Tuzhifu (楚雄府土知府ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Na-shi (那氏土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Na () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yunlong Prefecture (雲龍州土司ㄩㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
    • Chiefdom of Daxingdi (大興地土司ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Dahou Prefecture Tuxunjian (大侯州土巡檢ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄡˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of A () of Blang descent
  • Chiefdom of Axiongguan (阿雄關土司ㄚ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhe () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Puchang (普昌土司ㄆㄨˇ ㄔㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Chiefdom of Luliang Prefecture (陸涼州土司ㄌㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yilongyi (易龍驛土司ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Lower Jiangzui (下江嘴土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of He () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Jianganchang (箭桿場土司ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄢˇ ㄔㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Manshenzhai (蔓神寨土司ㄇㄢˋ ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shanjingyanjing (山井鹽井土司ㄕㄢ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Jujin Prefecture (巨津州土司ㄐㄩˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of A () of Nakhi descent
  • Chiefdom of Ami Prefecture (阿迷州土司ㄚ ㄇㄧˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mishayanjing (彌沙鹽井土司ㄇㄧˊ ㄕㄚ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of He () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lianxiangguan (煉象關土司ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Nanpingguan (南平關土司ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Pindian (品甸土司ㄆㄧㄣˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Du () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Nidian (你甸土司ㄋㄧˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Putuokong (普陀崆土司ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yaozhou (姚州土司ㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Lanzhou Tuzhizhou (蘭州土知州ㄌㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Luo () of Bai descent
  • Shimenguan Tuxunjian (石門關土巡檢ㄕˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of A () of Nakhi descent
  • Chuxiong Tuxunjian (楚雄土巡檢ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Na ()
  • Yunnan County Tuxiancheng (雲南縣土縣丞ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Zhennan Prefecture Tutongzhi (鎮南州土同知ㄓㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓ) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Malongtalangdian (馬龍他郎甸土司ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄚ ㄌㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1384–1501) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Dingxiling (定西嶺土司ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Heqing Tuzhifu (鶴慶土知府ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong () of Bai descent
  • Chuxiong County Tuzhubu (楚雄縣土主簿ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent
  • Yunnan County Tuzhubu (雲南縣土主簿ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Gelatang (葛剌湯土司ㄍㄜˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1385–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shalu (沙魯土司ㄕㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1385–?)
  • Chiefdom of Chishuipeng (赤水鵬土司ㄔˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1385–?) – Ruled by the House of Ma () of Hui descent
  • Chiefdom of Greater Pingfa (大平伐土司ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1386–?)
  • Jianchuan Prefecture Tuzhizhou (劍川州土知州ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1386–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Abangxiang (阿邦鄉土司ㄚ ㄅㄤ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1387–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yangyi (楊義土司ㄧㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1388–?) – Ruled by the House of Jin ()
  • Chiefdom of Nandian (南甸土司ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1389–1950) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Fengxi (鳳溪土司ㄈㄥˋ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1390–1659)
  • Shimenguan Tuqianfuzhang (石門關土千夫長ㄕˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄓㄤˇ) (AD 1391–?) – Ruled by the House of Mu () of Nakhi descent
  • Babai Dadian Xuanweisi (八百大甸宣慰司ㄅㄚ ㄅㄞˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ) (AD 1391–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lianxiangguan (煉象關土司ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1393–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Chiefdom of Pingyi County (平彝縣土司ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1394–?) – Ruled by the House of Hai () of Yi descent
  • Mengzi County Tuzhixian (蒙自縣土知縣ㄇㄥˊ ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 1394–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (祿) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yuezhou (越州土司ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1395–?) – Ruled by the House of Long () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Danping (丹平土司ㄉㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1397–?, AD 1403–1663)
  • Chiefdom of Gengma (耿馬土司ㄍㄥˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1397–1950) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Dai descent
  • Oirat state (瓦剌ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄚˋ) (AD 1399–1634) – Ruled by the House of Choros (綽羅斯) of Mongol descent
    • Dzungar Khanate (準噶爾汗國ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄍㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1634–1757)
  • Dughlat tribe (杜格拉特部ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 14th century–16th century)
  • Chiefdom of Dongxiangwulu (東鄉五路土司ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄨˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–1732) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Tujia descent
  • Möng Lem (孟璉ㄇㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄢˇ) (AD 14th century–19th century)
  • Möng Yang (孟養ㄇㄥˋ ㄧㄤˇ) (AD 14th century–19th century)
  • Dujie Aboriginal Prefecture (都結土州ㄉㄨ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 14th century–1916) – Ruled by the House of Nong ()
  • Xiangwu Aboriginal Prefecture (向武土州ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 14th century–1917)
  • Dukang Aboriginal Prefecture (都康土州ㄉㄨ ㄎㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 14th century–1917)
  • Anping Aboriginal Prefecture (安平土州ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (AD 14th century–1928) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Chiefdom of A (阿土司ㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–1931) – Ruled by the House of A () of Tu descent
  • Hor States (五霍爾ㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ) (AD 14th century–20th century)
    • Khangsar (康薩ㄎㄤ ㄙㄚˋ) (?–?)
    • Mazur (馬蘇ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄨ) (?–?)
    • Drango (特郎哥ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄤˊ ㄍㄜ) (?–?)
    • Beri (彼里ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ) (?–?)
    • Trehor (哲霍ㄓㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Longdawei (隴答衛土司ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–?)
  • Chiefdom of Fuzhou (富州土司ㄈㄨˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Shen () of Zhuang descent
  • Chiefdom of Luokongdian (落恐甸土司ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Zuonengzhai (左能寨土司ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄋㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Hani descent
  • Shi'erguan Tufuzhangguan (十二關土副長官ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Bai descent
  • Jianchuan Prefecture Tuqianhu (劍川州土千戶ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄏㄨˋ) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Luoci County (羅次縣土司ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄘˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1400–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Miandian Xuanweisi (緬甸宣慰司ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ) (AD 1403–1526)
  • Chiefdom of Qingshuijiang (青水江土司ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1404–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Babai Zhenai Xuanweisi (八百者乃宣慰司ㄅㄚ ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄋㄞˇ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ) (AD 1404–?)
  • Yizuo County Tubashi (亦佐縣土把事ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄚˇ ㄕˋ) (AD 1405–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Yi descent and the House of Bo () of Yi descent
  • Hulun (扈倫ㄏㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ) (AD 1406–1619) – Ruled by the House of Nara (那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Ula (烏拉ㄨ ㄌㄚ) (AD 1561–1613) – Ruled by the House of Ula Nara (烏拉那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Hoifa (輝發ㄏㄨㄟ ㄈㄚ) (AD 16th century–1607) – Ruled by the House of Hoifa Nara (輝發那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Hada (哈達ㄏㄚ ㄉㄚˊ) (AD 16th century–17th century) – Ruled by the House of Hada Nara (哈達那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Yehe (葉赫ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄜˋ) (?–AD 1619) – Ruled by the House of Yehe Nara (葉赫那拉) of Jurchen descent
      • Beile of Western City of Yehe (葉赫西城貝勒ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄜˋ ㄒㄧ ㄔㄥˊ ㄅㄟˋ ㄌㄜˋ) (?–AD 1619)
      • Beile of Eastern City of Yehe (葉赫東城貝勒ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ ㄅㄟˋ ㄌㄜˋ) (?–AD 1619)
  • Chiefdom of Chashan (茶山土司ㄔㄚˊ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lahezhuang (剌和莊土司ㄌㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lesser Gula (小古剌土司ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai ()
  • Chiefdom of Greater Gula (大古剌土司ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Diban (底板土司ㄉㄧˇ ㄅㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Yangtang (楊塘土司ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Yuji (鬱即土司ㄩˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bajiata (八家塔土司ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dimasa (底馬撒土司ㄉㄧˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jiugang (舊港土司ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1407–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Cuwa (促瓦土司ㄘㄨˋ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1407–?)
  • Chiefdom of Sanjin (散金土司ㄙㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1407–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lima (里麻土司ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1408–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhenkang (鎮康土司ㄓㄣˋ ㄎㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1408–1907) – Ruled by the House of Daomen (刀悶) of Dai descent
    • Chiefdom of Yongde (永德土司ㄩㄥˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhuoyou (着由土司ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1409–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dongbuhanhu (董卜韓胡土司ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄨˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1415–?)
  • Chiefdom of Moshale (摩沙勒土司ㄇㄛˊ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1416–1665) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhuoni (卓尼土司ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1418–1949) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Tibetan descent
  • Chiefdom of Chelijing'an (車里靖安土司ㄔㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1421–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao ()
  • Chiefdom of Diwula (底兀剌土司ㄉㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1424–?)
  • Chiefdom of Hemocun (禾摩村土司ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄛˊ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1424–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Xincheng Aboriginal County (忻城土縣ㄒㄧㄣ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 1427–1928)
  • Yizuo County Tuxiancheng (亦佐縣土縣丞ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 1427–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Ma'erza (麻兒匝土司ㄇㄚˊ ㄦˊ ㄗㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1427–?)
  • Xi'e County Tuzhubu (嶍峨縣土主簿ㄒㄧˊ ㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1428–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Yangli Aboriginal Prefecture (養利土州ㄧㄤˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 1431) – Ruled by the House of Zhao ()
  • Chongshan Aboriginal County (崇善土縣ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (?–AD 1433) – Ruled by the House of Zhao ()
  • Chiefdom of Songshaopu (松韶鋪土司ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄠˊ ㄆㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1434–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Rinpungpa (仁蚌巴ㄖㄣˊ ㄅㄤˋ ㄅㄚ) (AD 1435–1565) – Ruled by the House of sGer (格爾) of Tibetan descent
  • Chiefdom of Asicu (阿思簇土司ㄚ ㄙ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1435–?)
  • Dahou Prefecture Tuzhizhou (大侯州土知州ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄡˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1438–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Guansuoling (關索嶺土司ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1439–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Chiefdom of Mang'erzhe (芒兒者土司ㄇㄤˊ ㄦˊ ㄓㄜˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1440–?)
  • Chiefdom of Qujing (曲靖土司ㄑㄩ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1441–?) – Ruled by the House of Gong () of Dai descent
  • Lijiang Tuzhaomo (麗江土照磨ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄠˋ ㄇㄛˊ) (AD 1441–?) – Ruled by the House of Mu () of Nakhi descent
  • Chiefdom of Jinningyi (晉寧驛土司ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1442–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mangshi (芒市土司ㄇㄤˊ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1443–1955) – Ruled by the House of Fang () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Tieluguan (鐵爐關土司ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄌㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1443–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Chiefdom of Longchuan (隴川土司ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1444–?) – Ruled by the House of Duo ()
  • Chiefdom of Sinangri (思囊日土司ㄙ ㄋㄤˊ ㄖˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1446–?)
  • Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh (拉達克南嘉王朝ㄌㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1460–1842) – Ruled by the House of Namgyal (南嘉)
  • Chiefdom of Dongshankou (東山口土司ㄉㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ ㄎㄡˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1464–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent and the House of Zhang () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Nagengshan (納更山土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄍㄥ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1482–?) – Ruled by the House of Long () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Möng Mit (孟密土司ㄇㄥˋ ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1484–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yongding (永定土司ㄩㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1486–1927)
  • Yongshun Zheng Tuzhangguansi (永順正土長官司ㄩㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙ) (AD 1492–1928) – Ruled by the House of Deng ()
  • Yongshun Fu Tuzhangguansi (永順副土長官司ㄩㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙ) (AD 1492–1928) – Ruled by the House of Peng ()
  • Luhtu (魯富都ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ ㄉㄨ) (AD 15th century–1920) – Ruled by the House of Yulunana (優路拿納) of Tsou descent
  • Kingdom of Derge (德格王國ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 15th century–1956) – Ruled by the House of mGar (噶爾) of Tibetan descent
  • Zuozhou Aboriginal Prefecture (左州土州ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 15th century) – Ruled by the House of Huang ()
  • Chiefdom of Tangchi (湯池土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 15th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Ma () of Hui descent
  • Chiefdom of Dingluo (定羅土司ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1528–1912) – Ruled by the House of Xu () of Zhuang descent
  • Chiefdom of Guling (古零土司ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1528–1915) – Ruled by the House of Tan ()
  • Chiefdom of Jiucheng (舊城土司ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1528–1915)
  • Chiefdom of Xiawang (下旺土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1528–1918)
  • Tsangpa (藏巴王朝ㄗㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1565–1642)
  • Chiefdom of Manmo (蠻莫土司ㄇㄢˊ ㄇㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1585–?)
  • Chiefdom of Qieluoguan (伽羅關土司ㄑㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1591–?) – Ruled by the House of Yi ()
  • Chiefdom of Mengmian (猛緬土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1593–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Damengma (大猛麻土司ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1594–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Dai descent
  • Sitong Aboriginal Prefecture (思同土州ㄙ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 1599) – Ruled by the House of Huang ()
  • Chiefdom of Mengmeng (猛猛土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1599–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng () of Dai descent
  • Khoshut tribe (和碩特部ㄏㄜˊ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 16th century–1724) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Khoshut Khanate (和碩特汗國ㄏㄜˊ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1642–1717)
  • Chiefdom of Xinglong (興隆土司ㄒㄧㄥ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 16th century–1915) – Ruled by the House of Wei ()
  • Chiefdom of Duyang (都陽土司ㄉㄨ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 16th century–1915)
  • Chiefdom of Anding (安定土司ㄢ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 16th century–1915) – Ruled by the House of Pan ()
  • Chiefdom of Zhefang (遮放土司ㄓㄜ ㄈㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 16th century–1955) – Ruled by the House of Duo () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghan (勐罕土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1606–1950) – Ruled by the House of Shao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengmao (勐卯土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄠˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1611–1955) – Ruled by the House of Kan () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhanyi Prefecture (沾益州土司ㄓㄢ ㄧˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1623–?) – Ruled by the House of An () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Douyanzhai (斗岩寨土司ㄉㄡˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1632–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Hani descent
  • Qing dynasty (清朝ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1636–1912, AD 1917) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅) of Manchu descent
    • Later Jin (後金ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣ) (AD 1616–1636)
  • Chiefdom of Atuzhai (阿土寨土司ㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1637–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shuitangzhai (水塘寨土司ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄊㄤˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1639–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengsuozhai (猛梭寨土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄙㄨㄛ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1640–1954) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Xi dynasty (西朝ㄒㄧ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1643–1647) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Han descent
  • Shun dynasty (順朝ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ) (AD 1644–1646) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Tangut descent
  • Chiefdom of Muli (木里土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1648–1952) – Ruled by the House of Xiang () of Pumi descent
  • Chiefdom of Menglazhai (猛喇寨土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄚˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1658–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Wumuzhai (五畝寨土司ㄨˇ ㄇㄨˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1658–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Wubangzhai (五邦寨土司ㄨˇ ㄅㄤ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1658–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Kingdom of Tungning (東寧ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄧㄥˊ) (AD 1661–1683) – Ruled by the House of Zheng () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Ami Prefecture (阿迷州土司ㄚ ㄇㄧˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1665–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Yizuo County Tuzhixian (亦佐縣土知縣ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (AD 1669–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha () of Yi descent
  • Wu Zhou (吳周ㄨˊ ㄓㄡ) (AD 1678–1681) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Xinxing Prefecture (新興州土司ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1680–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Ningzhou Tuzhoupan (寧州土州判ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ ㄆㄢˋ) (AD 1680–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhemizhai (者米寨土司ㄓㄜˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1682–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Chiefdom of Mengdingzhai (猛丁寨土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1694–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Hani descent
  • Lanzhou Tushe (蘭州土舍ㄌㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄕㄜˇ) (AD 1694–?) – Ruled by the House of Luo () of Bai descent
  • Kumul Khanate (哈密汗國ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1696–1930) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Chiefdom of Shaxi (沙溪土司ㄕㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 17th century–1735) – Ruled by the House of Huang () of Tujia descent
  • Seqalu (瑯𤩝十八社ㄌㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄕㄜˋ) (AD 17th century–1904) – Ruled by the House of Garuljigulj (卡珞利谷) of Puyuma descent
  • Chiefdom of Bathang (巴塘土司ㄅㄚ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1719–1906)
  • Chiefdom of Lithang (理塘土司ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1719–1906) – Ruled by the House of Wang () of Gyalrong descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengbangzhai (猛蚌寨土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄅㄤˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1726–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menglaizhai (猛賴寨土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄞˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1726–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Sangzhi (桑植土司ㄙㄤ ㄓˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1727) – Ruled by the House of Xiang () of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Upper Zhandui (上瞻對土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄓㄢ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1728–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lower Zhandui (下瞻對土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓㄢ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1728–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mashu (麻書土司ㄇㄚˊ ㄕㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1729–1911)
  • Wenlan Dong (文蘭峒ㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–AD 1730) – Ruled by the House of Wei ()
  • Kingdom of Middag (大肚王國ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–AD 1732) – Ruled by the House of Camachat (甘仔轄) of Papora descent
  • Chiefdom of Youyang (酉陽土司ㄧㄡˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1734) – Ruled by the House of Ran ()
  • Chiefdom of Shinan (施南土司ㄕ ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1734) – Ruled by the House of Tan () of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengnongzhai (猛弄寨土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄋㄨㄥˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1735–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Yanwang (岩旺土司ㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1738–?) – Ruled by the House of Li ()
  • Chiefdom of Kokang (果敢土司ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1739–1959) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Kokang descent
  • Chiefdom of Lancangjiang (瀾滄江土司ㄌㄢˊ ㄘㄤ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1742–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao ()
  • Chiefdom of Middle Zhandui (中瞻對土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄓㄢ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1745–?)
  • Chiefdom of Guihualilaowo (歸化里老窩土司ㄍㄨㄟ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄠˇ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1747–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Liuku (六庫土司ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄎㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1747–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Citongbazhai (茨桶壩寨土司ㄘˊ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1753–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Malongzhai (馬龍寨土司ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1755–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao (), the House of Bai (), and the House of Li ()
  • Dörbet tribe of Choros (綽羅斯氏杜爾伯特部ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1756–1923) – Ruled by the House of Choros (綽羅斯) of Mongol descent
  • Batur Khanate (巴圖爾汗國ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1757–1759)
  • Heqing Prefecture Tutongpan (鶴慶州土通判ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄆㄢˋ) (AD 1770–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengjiaodong (勐角董土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1771–1949) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Tai Nuea descent
  • Old Torghut tribe (舊土爾扈特部ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (AD 1771–1949)
  • Chiefdom of Gaowuka (稿吾卡土司ㄍㄠˇ ㄨˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1785–?) – Ruled by the House of Long () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Adunzi (阿墩子土司ㄚ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄗˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1802–?) – Ruled by the House of He () of Tibetan descent
  • Kavalan (蛤仔蘭三十六社ㄏㄚˊ ㄗㄞˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄜˋ) (?–AD 1812)
  • Chiefdom of Yutong (魚通土司ㄩˊ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1833–1951) – Ruled by the House of Jia () of Gyalrong descent
  • Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1851–1864) – Ruled by the House of Hong () of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Nixi (泥溪土司ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1853) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Cheng (ㄔㄥˊ) (AD 1855–1864) – Ruled by the House of Chen () of Han descent
  • Pingnan (平南ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄢˊ) (AD 1856–1873) – Ruled by the House of Du () of Hui descent
  • Yanling (延陵ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ) (AD 1861–1868) – Ruled by the House of Wu () of Zhuang descent
  • Ili Sultanate (伊犁蘇丹國ㄧ ㄌㄧˊ ㄙㄨ ㄉㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1864–1871)
  • Yettishar Khanate (哲德沙爾汗國ㄓㄜˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄕㄚ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1865–1867)
    • Hongfu Khanate (洪福汗國ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1867–1877)
  • Chiefdom of Muchuan (沐川土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1868) – Ruled by the House of Yue ()
  • Chiefdom of Nama (那馬土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1870) – Ruled by the House of Huang ()
  • Chiefdom of Mengbin (猛濱土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Jiufang (酒房土司ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄈㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Chiefdom of Banzhong (班中土司ㄅㄢ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Chiefdom of Jianguan (間官土司ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Lahu descent
  • Chiefdom of Manhai (蠻海土司ㄇㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Lahu descent
  • Chiefdom of Upper Mengyun (上猛允土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄣˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lower Mengyun (下猛允土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄣˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Munai (募乃土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi () of Lahu descent
  • Chiefdom of Donghe (東河土司ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang ()
  • Chiefdom of Ximingzhao (西明照土司ㄒㄧ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Lahu descent
  • Pimaba (卑馬巴ㄅㄟ ㄇㄚˇ ㄅㄚ) (?–AD 1897)
  • Chiefdom of Mengban (勐板土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄅㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1899–1955) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Han descent
  • Llyung Topa (拉流斗霸ㄌㄚ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄉㄡˇ ㄅㄚˋ) (?–AD 1907)
  • Bogd Khanate (博克多汗國ㄅㄛˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1911–1919, AD 1921–1924)
  • Chiefdom of Geshizha (革什札土司ㄍㄜˊ ㄕˊ ㄓㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1911)
  • Guohua Aboriginal Prefecture (果化土州ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 1915) – Ruled by the House of Zhao ()
  • Empire of China (中華帝國ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1915–1916) – Ruled by the House of Yuan () of Han descent
  • Siling Aboriginal Prefecture (思陵土州ㄙ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 1916)
  • Longying Aboriginal Prefecture (龍英土州ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 1916)
  • Jilun Aboriginal Prefecture (佶倫土州ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–AD 1916) – Ruled by the House of Feng ()
  • Kingdom of Powo (波密土王ㄅㄛ ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄨㄤˊ) (?–AD 1910, AD 1911–1928)
  • Tjaquvuquvulj (大龜文ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄨㄣˊ) (?–AD 1930) – Co-ruled by the House of Ruvaniyaw (邏伐尼耀) and the House of Tjuleng (鳩冷)
  • Chiefdom of Lu (魯土司ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1931) – Ruled by the House of Lu () of Mongol descent
  • Islamic Kingdom of Khotan (和闐伊斯蘭王國ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1934)
  • Manchukuo (滿洲國ㄇㄢˇ ㄓㄡ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (AD 1934–1945) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅) of Manchu descent
  • Chiefdom of Ganya (干崖土司ㄍㄢ ㄧㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1949) – Ruled by the House of Chi () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Wandian (灣甸土司ㄨㄢ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1949) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent and the House of Jing () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghai (勐海土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1950) – Ruled by the House of Shao () of Dai descent
  • Thirty-six States of the Western Regions (西域三十六國ㄒㄧ ㄩˋ ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Shule (疏勒ㄕㄨ ㄌㄜˋ) (200 BC–AD 790)
    • Loulan (樓蘭ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄢˊ) (176–77 BC)
      • Shanshan (鄯善ㄕㄢˋ ㄕㄢˋ) (77 BC–AD 630)
    • Kucha (龜茲ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ) (72 BC–AD 788)
    • Jushi (車師ㄐㄩ ㄕ) (71 BC–AD 508)
      • Nearer Jushi (車師前國ㄐㄩ ㄕ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (71 BC–AD 508)
      • Further Jushi (車師後國ㄐㄩ ㄕ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (67 BC–AD 170)
    • Suoju (莎車ㄙㄨㄛ ㄐㄩ) (66 BC–AD 89)
    • Khotan (于闐ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ) (AD 56–1006) – Ruled by the House of Yuchi (尉遲) of Saka descent
      • Jin (ㄐㄧㄣ) (AD 851–938)
      • Dabao Yutian (大寶于闐ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ) (AD 938–983)
      • Jinyu (金玉ㄐㄧㄣ ㄩˋ) (AD 983–?)
    • Yanqi (焉耆ㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˊ) (AD 58–792) – Ruled by the House of Long ()
    • Ruoqiang (若羌ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄧㄤ) (?–?)
    • Qiemo (且末ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄛˋ) (?–?)
    • Xiaoyuan (小宛ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄢ) (?–?)
    • Jingjue (精絕ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄩㄝˊ) (?–?)
    • Ronglu (戎盧ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Hanmi (扞罙ㄏㄢˋ ㄇㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Qule (渠勒ㄑㄩˊ ㄌㄜˋ) (?–?)
    • Pishan (皮山ㄆㄧˊ ㄕㄢ) (?–?)
    • Wucha (烏秅ㄨ ㄔㄚˊ) (?–?)
    • Yinai (依耐ㄧ ㄋㄞˋ) (?–?)
    • Xiye (西夜ㄒㄧ ㄧㄝˋ) (?–?)
    • Zihe (子合ㄗˇ ㄏㄜˊ) (?–?)
    • Puli (蒲犁ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Nandou (難兜ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄡ) (?–?)
    • Dayuan (大宛ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄢ) (?–?)
    • Taohuai (桃槐ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ) (?–?)
    • Juandu (捐毒ㄐㄩㄢ ㄉㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Gumo (姑墨ㄍㄨ ㄇㄛˋ) (?–?)
    • Wensu (溫宿ㄨㄣ ㄙㄨˋ) (?–?)
    • Quli (渠犂ㄑㄩˊ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Wulei (烏壘ㄨ ㄌㄟˇ) (?–?)
    • Yuli (尉犂ㄩˋ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Weixu (危須ㄨㄟ ㄒㄩ) (?–?)
    • Beilu (卑陸ㄅㄟ ㄌㄨˋ) (?–?)
      • Further Beilu (卑陸後國ㄅㄟ ㄌㄨˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Jie (ㄐㄧㄝˊ) (?–?)
    • Pulei (蒲類ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄟˋ) (?–?)
      • Nearer Pulei (蒲類前國ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
      • Further Pulei (蒲類後國ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Qiemi (且彌ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄧˊ) (?–?)
      • Eastern Qiemi (東且彌國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
      • Western Qiemi (西且彌國ㄒㄧ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Shan (ㄕㄢ) (?–?)
    • Huhu (狐胡ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Wulei (無雷ㄨˊ ㄌㄟˊ) (?–?)
    • Weitou (尉頭ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄡˊ) (?–?)
    • Xiuxun (休循ㄒㄧㄡ ㄒㄩㄣˊ) (?–?)
  • Eight Zhao (八詔ㄅㄚ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–?)
    • Six Zhao (六詔ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 794)
      • Mengxi Zhao (蒙巂詔ㄇㄥˊ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 730)
      • Mengshe Zhao (蒙舍詔ㄇㄥˊ ㄕㄜˇ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 738) – Ruled by the House of Meng () of Wuman descent
        • Nanzhao (南詔ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄠˋ) (AD 738–902)
          • Dameng (大蒙ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄥˊ) (AD 738–860)
          • Dali (大禮ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ) (AD 860–877)
          • Dafengmin (大封民ㄉㄚˋ ㄈㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ) (AD 878–902)
      • Yuexi Zhao (越析詔ㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 747)
      • Shilang Zhao (施浪詔ㄕ ㄌㄤˋ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 794)
      • Langqiong Zhao (浪穹詔ㄌㄤˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 794)
      • Tengdan Zhao (邆賧詔ㄊㄥˊ ㄉㄢˇ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–AD 794)
    • Shibang Zhao (時傍詔ㄕˊ ㄅㄤˋ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–?)
    • Yichuanluoshi Zhao (矣川羅識詔ㄧˇ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˊ ㄓㄠˋ) (?–?)
  • Eighteen Chiefdoms of Gyalrong (嘉絨十八土司ㄐㄧㄚ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lengbian (冷邊土司ㄌㄥˇ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1369–1911) – Ruled by the House of Zhou () of Tibetan descent
    • Chiefdom of Zagu (雜谷土司ㄗㄚˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1407–1752)
    • Chiefdom of Chakla (明正土司ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1407–1911) – Ruled by the House of Jia () of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Muping (穆坪土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1410–1928) – Ruled by the House of Jia () of Gyalrong descent
      • Chiefdom of Suomo (梭磨土司ㄙㄨㄛ ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1721–1938)
        • Chiefdom of Songgang (松崗土司ㄙㄨㄥ ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1753–1928)
    • Chiefdom of Wasi (瓦寺土司ㄨㄚˇ ㄙˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1441–1935) – Ruled by the House of Suo () of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Shenbian (沈邊土司ㄕㄣˇ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1639–1911) – Ruled by the House of Yu () of Mongol descent
    • Chiefdom of Tsanlha (贊拉土司ㄗㄢˋ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1650–1776)
    • Chiefdom of Wori (沃日土司ㄨㄛˋ ㄖˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1658–1951) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Trokyap (綽斯甲土司ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1702–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chuchen (促侵土司ㄘㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1723–1776)
    • Chiefdom of Tianquan (天全土司ㄊㄧㄢ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–AD 1729) – Co-ruled by the House of Gao () of Gyalrong descent and the House of Yang () of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Zhuokeji (卓克基土司ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1748–1955)
    • Chiefdom of Dangba (黨壩土司ㄉㄤˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1753–1953)
    • Chiefdom of Bawang (巴旺土司ㄅㄚ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1774–?)
      • Chiefdom of Badi (巴底土司ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 1774–?)
    • Chiefdom of Dandong Geshizan (丹東革什咱土司ㄉㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄜˊ ㄕˊ ㄗㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Forty Chiefdoms of Yushu and Neighboring Regions (玉樹等四十族ㄩˋ ㄕㄨˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄙˋ ㄕˊ ㄗㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Four Chiefdoms of Yushu (玉樹四族ㄩˋ ㄕㄨˋ ㄙˋ ㄗㄨˊ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Jiangsai (將賽土司ㄐㄧㄤ ㄙㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Zongju (總舉土司ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄩˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Yala (鴉拉土司ㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Rongmo (戎模土司ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Alakeshuo (上阿拉克碩土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Alakeshuo (下阿拉克碩土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Béri (白利土司ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Asake (阿薩克土司ㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ayong (阿永土司ㄚ ㄩㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Niyamucuo (尼牙木錯土司ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Gucha (固察土司ㄍㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Labu (拉布土司ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Three Chiefdoms of Zhawu (扎武三族ㄓㄚ ㄨˇ ㄙㄢ ㄗㄨˊ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Zhawu (扎武土司ㄓㄚ ㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Lada (拉達土司ㄌㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Buqing (布慶土司ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Longbu (隆布土司ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chuilengduo'erduo (吹冷多爾多土司ㄔㄨㄟ ㄌㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Ge'erji (上格爾吉土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Middle Ge'erji (中格爾吉土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Ge'erji (下格爾吉土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ha'ershou (哈爾受土司ㄏㄚ ㄦˇ ㄕㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Longba (上隆壩土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Longba (下隆壩土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Longdong (隆東土司ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chuohuo'er (綽火爾土司ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Juebala (覺巴拉土司ㄐㄩㄝˇ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Su'ermang (蘇爾莽土司ㄙㄨ ㄦˇ ㄇㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ye'erji (葉爾吉土司ㄧㄝˋ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Liewang (列旺土司ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Antu (安圖土司ㄢ ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Xingba (興巴土司ㄒㄧㄥ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of La'erji (拉爾吉土司ㄌㄚ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Sangse'er (桑色爾土司ㄙㄤ ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Bayannangqian (巴顏囊謙土司ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˊ ㄋㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Dongba (洞巴土司ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Suluke (蘇魯克土司ㄙㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chindu (稱多土司ㄔㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Menggu'erjin (蒙古爾津土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Yonghepu (永河普土司ㄩㄥˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Alike (阿里克土司ㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Banshi (班石土司ㄅㄢ ㄕˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Thirty-nine Chiefdoms of Hor (霍爾三十九族ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄗㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qiongbugalu (瓊布噶魯土司ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qiongbuba'ercha (瓊布巴爾查土司ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄚ ㄦˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qiongbunakelu (瓊布納克魯土司ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lenahuo'er (勒納夥爾土司ㄌㄜˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Seliqiongzhanicha'er (色里瓊扎尼查爾土司ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Seliqiongzhacanmabuma (色里瓊扎參嘛布瑪土司ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄚ ㄘㄢ ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Seliqiongzhamalu (色里瓊扎嘛嚕土司ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄚ ㄇㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhuteyangba (木朱特羊巴土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄧㄤˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Bumiteledake (布米特勒達克土司ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhuteniyamucha (木朱特尼牙木查土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhutelisongmaba (木朱特利松嘛吧土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄥ ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhuteduomaba (木朱特多嘛巴土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Leyuanhuo'er (勒遠夥爾土司ㄌㄜˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Yironghuo'eryitama (依戎夥爾移他瑪土司ㄧ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄧˊ ㄊㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chachuhe'ersuntima'er (查楚和爾孫提瑪爾土司ㄔㄚˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄊㄧˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ba'erdashanmuduochuanmusang (巴爾達山木多川目桑土司ㄅㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Malabushimanong (嘛拉布什嘛弄土司ㄇㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄕˊ ㄇㄚˊ ㄋㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Wozhutezhiduo (窩柱特只多土司ㄨㄛ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄓ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Wozhutewala (窩柱特娃拉土司ㄨㄛ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄨㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pengchukehuo'er (彭楚克夥爾土司ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pengchukepengtama'er (彭楚克彭他瑪爾土司ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄆㄥˊ ㄊㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pengchukelazhai (彭楚克拉寨土司ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pensuonakeshudageluke (盆索納克書達格魯克土司ㄆㄣˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄉㄚˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qintiyagangnakeshubilu (沁體牙岡納克書畢魯土司ㄑㄧㄣˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄤ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Penshaniyagunakeluse'ercha (盆沙尼牙固納克書色爾查土司ㄆㄣˊ ㄕㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ba'erdamunakexibenpen (巴爾達穆納克喜奔盆土司ㄅㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄧˇ ㄅㄣ ㄆㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Nageshalakeshulakeshi (納格沙拉克書拉克什土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Luokenakeshugongba (洛克納克書貢巴土司ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Sanzha (三渣土司ㄙㄢ ㄓㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Sannalaba (三納拉巴土司ㄙㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pulü (撲旅土司ㄆㄨ ㄌㄩˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Azhake (上阿扎克土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Azhake (下阿扎克土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Bailiezhama'er (白獵扎嘛爾土司ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄚ ㄇㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Ganggalu (上岡噶魯土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄤ ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Ganggalu (下岡噶魯土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄤ ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Duo'ershu (上奪爾樹土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄕㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Duo'ershu (下奪爾樹土司ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄕㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Eight Chiefdoms of Huanhai (環海八族ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄅㄚ ㄗㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Gangcha (剛察土司ㄍㄤ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Gongwata'erdai (公窪塔爾代土司ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨㄚ ㄊㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Duxiu (都秀土司ㄉㄨ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qianbulu (千卜錄土司ㄑㄧㄢ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Wangshidaihai (汪什代海土司ㄨㄤ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Aquhu (阿曲乎土司ㄚ ㄑㄩˇ ㄏㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Re'an (熱安土司ㄖㄜˋ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of A'erke (阿爾克土司ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhujie (竹節土司ㄓㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bailidengma (白力登瑪土司ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄉㄥ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Fu (ㄈㄨˋ) (?–?)
  • Hua (ㄏㄨㄚˊ) (?–?)
  • Baizi (白子ㄅㄞˊ ㄗˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Long ()
    • Jianning (建寧ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang () of Baiman descent
  • Yuzhi (禺知ㄩˊ ㄓ) (?–?)
  • Yuezhi (月氏ㄩㄝˋ ㄓ) (?–?)
    • Greater Yuezhi (大月氏ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓ) (?–?)
    • Lesser Yuezhi (小月氏ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓ) (?–?)
  • Five Xihou (五翕侯ㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ) (?–?)
    • Xiumi Xihou (休密翕侯ㄒㄧㄡ ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ) (?–?)
      • Jiabei (伽倍ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄟˋ) (?–?)
    • Shuangmi Xihou (雙靡翕侯ㄕㄨㄤ ㄇㄧˇ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ) (?–?)
      • Zhexuemosun (折薛莫孫ㄓㄜˊ ㄒㄩㄝ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄣ) (?–?)
    • Guishuang Xihou (貴霜翕侯ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ) (?–?)
      • Qiandun (鉗敦ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄣ) (?–?)
    • Xidun Xihou (肸頓翕侯ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ) (?–?)
      • Fudisha (弗敵沙ㄈㄨˊ ㄉㄧˊ ㄕㄚ) (?–?)
    • Gaofu Xihou (高附翕侯ㄍㄠ ㄈㄨˋ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ) (?–?)
      • Yanfuye (閻浮謁ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ) (?–?)
  • Nine Clans of Zhaowu (昭武九姓ㄓㄠ ㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Kang (ㄎㄤ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Shi (ㄕˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • An () (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Cao (ㄘㄠˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
      • Eastern Cao (東曹ㄉㄨㄥ ㄘㄠˊ) (?–?)
      • Middle Cao (中曹ㄓㄨㄥ ㄘㄠˊ) (?–?)
      • Western Cao (西曹ㄒㄧ ㄘㄠˊ) (?–?)
    • Shi (ㄕˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Mi (ㄇㄧˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • He (ㄏㄜˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Huoxun (火尋ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Wudi (戊地ㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Mu (ㄇㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Eastern An (東安ㄉㄨㄥ ㄢ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Bi (ㄅㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Peihan (沛捍ㄆㄟˋ ㄏㄢˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Nasebo (那色波ㄋㄚˋ ㄙㄜˋ ㄅㄛ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Wunahe (烏那曷ㄨ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Caojuzha (漕矩吒ㄘㄠˊ ㄐㄩˇ ㄓㄚ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Western Ou (西甌ㄒㄧ ㄡ) (?–?)
  • Zhujubo (朱俱波ㄓㄨ ㄐㄩˋ ㄅㄛ) (?–?)
  • Yizhi (移支ㄧˊ ㄓ) (?–?)
  • Deruo (德若ㄉㄜˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ) (?–?)
  • Wuhuan (烏桓ㄨ ㄏㄨㄢˊ) (?–?)
    • Wuwan (烏丸ㄨ ㄨㄢˊ) (?–?)
  • Quyi (屈射ㄑㄩ ㄧˋ) (?–?)
  • Hunyu (渾窳ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ) (?–?)
  • Xinli (薪犂ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Julan (且蘭ㄐㄩ ㄌㄢˊ) (?–?)
  • Xi (ㄒㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Kunmingyi (昆明夷ㄎㄨㄣ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Zuodu (筰都ㄗㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨ) (?–?)
  • Ranmang (冉駹ㄖㄢˇ ㄇㄤˊ) (?–?)
  • Baima (白馬ㄅㄞˊ ㄇㄚˇ) (?–?)
  • Dongcan (棟蠶ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄢˊ) (?–?)
  • Xi (ㄒㄧˇ) (?–?)
  • Damou (大牟ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄡˊ) (?–?)
  • Linhu (林胡ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (?–?)
  • Qihu (契胡ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄨˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Erzhu (爾朱)
  • Tuhe (屠何ㄊㄨˊ ㄏㄜˊ) (?–?)
  • Yachou (亞醜ㄧㄚˋ ㄔㄡˇ) (?–?)
  • Kuang (ㄎㄨㄤˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kuang ()
  • Rong of Yuwu (余無之戎ㄩˊ ㄨˊ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
  • Dianyue (滇越ㄉㄧㄢ ㄩㄝˋ) (?–?)
  • Fulou (縛婁ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄡˊ) (?–?)
  • Yulishi (郁立師ㄩˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄕ) (?–?)
  • Danhuan (單桓ㄉㄢ ㄏㄨㄢˊ) (?–?)
  • Wutanzili (烏貪訾離ㄨ ㄊㄢ ㄗ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Xianling Qiang (先零羌ㄒㄧㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄧㄤ) (?–?)
  • Toquz Oghuz (九姓烏古斯ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄨ ㄍㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent
  • Sushen (肅慎ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄣˋ) (?–?)
  • Kumo Xi (庫莫奚ㄎㄨˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Kumo Xi descent
  • Zhongyun (仲雲ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄩㄣˊ) (?–?)
  • Seven Dong of Qinzhou (欽州七峒ㄑㄧㄣ ㄓㄡ ㄑㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Boshi Dong (博是峒ㄅㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Jianshan Dong (鑒山峒ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Tielang Dong (貼浪峒ㄊㄧㄝ ㄌㄤˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Shiluo Dong (時羅峒ㄕˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Jian'an Dong (漸案峒ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Ruxi Dong (如昔峒ㄖㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Gusen Dong (古森峒ㄍㄨˇ ㄙㄣ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
  • Ten States of Bili (裨離十國ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧˊ ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Bili (裨離ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
    • Yangyun (養雲ㄧㄤˇ ㄩㄣˊ) (?–?)
    • Koumohan (寇莫汗ㄎㄡˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄏㄢˋ) (?–?)
    • Yiqun (一群ㄧ ㄑㄩㄣˊ) (?–?)
    • Mounu (牟奴ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Molu (模盧ㄇㄛˊ ㄌㄨˊ) (?–?)
    • Yulimoli (于離末利ㄩˊ ㄌㄧˊ ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧˋ) (?–?)
    • Pudu (蒲都ㄆㄨˊ ㄉㄨ) (?–?)
    • Shengquan (繩全ㄕㄥˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ) (?–?)
    • Shalou (沙樓ㄕㄚ ㄌㄡˊ) (?–?)
  • Doumolou (豆莫婁ㄉㄡˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄡˊ) (?–?)
  • Liugui (流鬼ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄍㄨㄟˇ) (?–?)
  • Huaxu (華胥ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄒㄩ) (?–?)
  • Tuoli (橐離ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Wulian (毋斂ㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄢˇ) (?–?)
  • Congling Uyghur Kingdom (蔥嶺回鶻ㄘㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ) (?–?)
  • Sabetiq (射不力ㄕㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ) (?–?)
  • Lalekelek (力里ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧˇ) (?–?)
  • Kuvalen (姑仔崙ㄍㄨ ㄗㄞˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Vaviluuan (發飛乎藍) of Paiwan descent
  • Draki (四林格ㄙˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ) (?–?)
  • Auran (後壠ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄨㄥˇ) (?–?)
  • Kulon (龜崙ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄨㄣˊ) (?–?)
  • Favorlang (虎尾壟ㄏㄨˇ ㄨㄟˇ ㄌㄨㄥˇ) (?–?)
  • Tiksam (竹塹ㄓㄨˊ ㄑㄧㄢˋ) (?–?)
  • Kibuwan (加祿堂ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄤˊ) (?–?)
  • Tamsui (淡水ㄉㄢˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ) (?–?)
  • Jilong (雞籠ㄐㄧ ㄌㄨㄥˊ) (?–?)
  • Liuqiu (流求ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Huansi (歡斯)
  • Hujie (呼揭ㄏㄨ ㄐㄧㄝ) (?–?)
  • Jiankun (堅昆ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨㄣ) (?–?)
  • Luodian (羅殿ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ) (?–?)
  • Sumpa (蘇毗ㄙㄨ ㄆㄧˊ) (?–?)
  • Kingdom of Almalik (阿力麻里王国ㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Tribes of Three Kings (三王部落ㄙㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Baima (白馬)
    • Yang-shi (楊氏ㄧㄤˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
    • Liu-shi (劉氏ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu ()
    • Hao-shi (郝氏ㄏㄠˇ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Hao ()
  • Merkit state (蔑兒乞ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄦˊ ㄑㄧˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Uduyid (兀都亦惕) of Mongol descent
  • Eastern Xieman (東謝蠻ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie ()
  • Western Xieman (西謝蠻ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie ()
  • Southern Xieman (南謝蠻ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie ()
  • Western Zhaoman (西趙蠻ㄒㄧ ㄓㄠˋ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao ()
  • Zangkeman (牂牁蠻ㄗㄤ ㄎㄜ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie ()
  • Danzhouman (丹州蠻ㄉㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Mo ()
  • Eastern Erheman (東洱河蠻ㄉㄨㄥ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Western Erheman (西洱河蠻ㄒㄧ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Songwaiman (松外蠻ㄙㄨㄥ ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Meng ()
  • Heman (和蠻ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Shunman (順蠻ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bang ()
  • Yongchangman (永昌蠻ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄤ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong ()
  • Guangyuanzhouman (廣源州蠻ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Nong ()
  • Fushuizhouman (撫水州蠻ㄈㄨˇ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Meng ()
  • Huanzhouman (環州蠻ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ou ()
  • Nanpingliao (南平獠ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhu ()
  • Eight States of Xishan (西山八國ㄒㄧ ㄕㄢ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
    • Buzu (逋租ㄅㄨ ㄗㄨ) (?–?)
    • Gelin (哥鄰ㄍㄜ ㄌㄧㄣˊ) (?–?)
    • Ruoshui (弱水ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ) (?–?)
    • Xidong (悉董ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˇ) (?–?)
    • Nanshui (南水ㄋㄢˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ) (?–?)
    • Duoba (咄霸ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚˋ) (?–?)
    • Qingyuan (清遠ㄑㄧㄥ ㄩㄢˇ) (?–?)
    • Baigou (白狗ㄅㄞˊ ㄍㄡˇ) (?–?)
  • Zangke (牂牁ㄗㄤ ㄎㄜ) (?–?)
  • Kunwu (昆吾ㄎㄨㄣ ㄨˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji () of Huaxia descent
  • Luodian (羅殿ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ) (?–?)
  • Meishan Dong (梅山峒ㄇㄟˊ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Meishan Dong Left Wing (梅山峒左甲ㄇㄟˊ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄐㄧㄚˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Fu ()
    • Meishan Dong Right Wing (梅山峒右甲ㄇㄟˊ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dun ()
  • Xi Dong (溪峒ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Yizi (夷子ㄧˊ ㄗˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji ()
  • Qiongdu (邛都ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄉㄨ) (?–?)
  • Xi (ㄒㄧ) (?–?)
  • Azhe (阿者ㄚ ㄓㄜˇ) (?–?)
  • Dilie (敵烈ㄉㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ) (?–?)
  • Wugu (烏古ㄨ ㄍㄨˇ) (?–?)
  • Suo (ㄙㄨㄛˇ) (?–?)
  • Xunyu (葷粥ㄒㄩㄣ ㄩˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si () of Huaxia descent
  • Huimo (濊貊ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄛˋ) (?–?)
  • Dugu tribe (獨孤部ㄉㄨˊ ㄍㄨ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu () of Xiongnu descent
  • Murong tribe (慕容部ㄇㄨˋ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
  • Helan tribe (賀蘭部ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Helan (賀蘭) of Xianbei descent
    • Boma (駁馬ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ) (?–?)
  • Tongluo tribe (同羅部ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?)
  • Bayirqu tribe (拔野古部ㄅㄚˊ ㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?)
  • Ikires tribe (亦乞列思部ㄧˋ ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄙ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?)
  • Dörbet tribe of Borjigin (博爾濟吉特氏杜爾伯特部ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Qibi tribe (契苾部ㄑㄧˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄅㄨˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Qibi (契苾) of Tiele descent
  • Lordship of Ayuxi (阿芋徙君長國ㄚ ㄩˋ ㄒㄧˇ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Gukougou (古口勾君長國ㄍㄨˇ ㄎㄡˇ ㄍㄡ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Awaire (阿外惹君長國ㄚ ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄜˇ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Bole (播勒君長國ㄅㄛ ㄌㄜˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Chele (扯勒君長國ㄔㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Lousu (婁素君長國ㄌㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Doumi (陡靡君長國ㄉㄡˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Dongchuan (東川君長國ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ) (?–?)
  • Tuoling Aboriginal County (陀陵土縣ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Huang ()
  • Sicheng Aboriginal Prefecture (思城土州ㄙ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ) (?–?)
  • Chuxiong County Tutongshi (楚雄縣土通事ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kou ()
  • Chuxiong County Tutongba (楚雄縣土通把ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄅㄚˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () and the House of Zhang ()
  • Chuxiong County Tubashi (楚雄縣土把事ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄚˇ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of He (), the House of Li (), and the House of Yang ()
  • Chuxiong County Tuxunjian (楚雄縣土巡檢ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Yi descent
  • Heqing Prefecture Tuqianfuzhang (鶴慶府土千夫長ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄓㄤˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Heqing Tujingli (鶴慶土經歷ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄌㄧˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang () and the House of Wei ()
  • Xundian Tuqianfuzhang (尋甸土千夫長ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄓㄤˇ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Mu () of Nakhi descent
  • Yao'an Prefecture Tuzhaomo (姚安府土照磨ㄧㄠˊ ㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄠˋ ㄇㄛˊ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao () of Bai descent
  • Dingyuan County Tubashi (定遠縣土把事ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄚˇ ㄕˋ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Shizhu Anfusi Tongzhi (石砫安撫司同知ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Chen ()
  • Chiefdom of Dingbian County (定邊縣土司ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Shao ()
  • Chiefdom of Geni (革泥土司ㄍㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zanli (咱里土司ㄗㄢˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Gu ()
  • Chiefdom of Yuke (魚科土司ㄩˊ ㄎㄜ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhuowo (倬倭土司ㄓㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Suweiyi (速為驛土司ㄙㄨˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Youdian (右甸土司ㄧㄡˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang () of Blang descent and the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Kongsa (孔撒土司ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄙㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhuwo (侏倭土司ㄓㄨ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhanggu (章谷土司ㄓㄤ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Laowo (老撾土司ㄌㄠˇ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Diao () of Lao descent
  • Chiefdom of Mubang (木邦土司ㄇㄨˋ ㄅㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Nalouchongdao'anzheng'erli (納樓崇道安正二里土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄡˊ ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄠˋ ㄢ ㄓㄥˋ ㄦˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Liuhuzhangzhai (六呼掌寨土司ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄏㄨ ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Li () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Shanghekuirong (上河虧容土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄨㄟ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Canbulang (參卜郎土司ㄘㄢ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shuijijiang (水犄姜土司ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Shuidejiang (水德江土司ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (AD 14th century–1605)
  • Chiefdom of Yidu (夷都土司ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yi ()
  • Chiefdom of Pingyi (平夷土司ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang ()
  • Chiefdom of Leipo (雷坡土司ㄌㄟˊ ㄆㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Chiefdom of Guizhou (貴州土司ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhengmai (整賣土司ㄓㄥˇ ㄇㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengliang (孟良土司ㄇㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Menghai (猛海土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengyuan (猛元土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Meng'a (猛阿土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Shao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengla (猛臘土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengwang (猛往土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄨㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Shao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghun (猛混土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengzhe (猛遮土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄓㄜ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Menglong (猛龍土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai ()
  • Chiefdom of Mengla (猛拉土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengyong (猛勇土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengsan (猛散土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄙㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengyu (孟育土司ㄇㄥˋ ㄩˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengwang (勐旺土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Tianzhou (田州土司ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Cen () of Zhuang descent
  • Twelve Minor Kingdoms of Tibet (吐蕃十二小邦ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄤ) (?–?)
    • Zhang-zhung (象雄ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄥˊ) (500 BC–AD 625)
    • mChims-yul (琛域ㄔㄣ ㄩˋ) (?–?)
    • Myang-ro-phyong-dkar (娘若瓊嘎ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄍㄚ) (?–?)
    • gNubs-yul-gling-dgu (努域陵古ㄋㄨˇ ㄩˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ) (?–?)
    • Nyang-ro-sham-bo (娘若香波ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄅㄛ) (?–?)
    • Kyi-ri-ljon-snyon (吉日窮恩ㄐㄧˊ ㄖˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄣ) (?–?)
    • Nyam-sho dKhra-sna (昂雪查那ㄤˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄋㄚˋ) (?–?)
    • Ol-phu-spang-mkhar (約甫邦卡ㄩㄝ ㄈㄨˇ ㄅㄤ ㄎㄚˇ) (?–?)
    • Sribs-yul-gyi-ral-gong (西布域瑞貢ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄩˋ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ) (?–?)
    • Kong-yul-bre-sna (工域哲那ㄍㄨㄥ ㄩˋ ㄓㄜˊ ㄋㄚˋ) (?–?)
    • Nyan gYul-rnam-gsum (娘域納松ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄩˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄙㄨㄥ) (?–?)
    • Dwags-yul-gru-bnyi (達域楚奚ㄉㄚˊ ㄩˋ ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄧ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Weiyuan (威遠土司ㄨㄟ ㄩㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yongle (永樂土司ㄩㄥˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu ()
  • Chiefdom of Liucun (六村土司ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun ()
  • Chiefdom of Zongwa (宗瓦土司ㄗㄨㄥ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu ()
  • Chiefdom of Zongha (宗哈土司ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai ()
  • Chiefdom of Ganlanba (橄欖壩土司ㄍㄢˇ ㄌㄢˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Yiwu (易武土司ㄧˋ ㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Liushun (六順土司ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Buha (補哈土司ㄅㄨˇ ㄏㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jinghai (景海土司ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jingxian (景綫土司ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Manmu (蠻暮土司ㄇㄢˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dashan (大山土司ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Puteng (普藤土司ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhengdong (整董土司ㄓㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dongwu (動烏土司ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Wude (烏得土司ㄨ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhanda (盞達土司ㄓㄢˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Husa (戶撒土司ㄏㄨˋ ㄙㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lasa (臘撒土司ㄌㄚˋ ㄙㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Wuding of Na-shi (武定那氏土司ㄨˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Na () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Xuanwei of An-shi (宣威安氏土司ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟ ㄢ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of An () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Qiongbu (邛部土司ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ling () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengmeng (猛猛土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengsa (猛撒土司ㄇㄥˇ ㄙㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Han () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Alinzhai (阿林寨土司ㄚ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang ()
  • Chiefdom of Mangshuizhai (莽水寨土司ㄇㄤˇ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Mang ()
  • Chiefdom of Banhong (班洪土司ㄅㄢ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Hu () of Wa descent
  • Chiefdom of Malong Prefecture (馬龍州土司ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha () of Yi descent and the House of Chang () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Luzhang (魯掌土司ㄌㄨˇ ㄓㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Cha () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Denggeng (登埂土司ㄉㄥ ㄍㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Maozhao (卯照土司ㄇㄠˇ ㄓㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shangwujing (上五井土司ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang () of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lazong (剌宗土司ㄌㄚˋ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bolijia (孛里加土司ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duobasansun (多八三孫土司ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚ ㄙㄢ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jiaba (加八土司ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhaori (兆日土司ㄓㄠˋ ㄖˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Nazhu (納竹土司ㄋㄚˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lunda (倫答土司ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Guoyou (果由土司ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shalikehahudi (沙里可哈忽的土司ㄕㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄏㄚ ㄏㄨ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Salitu'er (撒里土兒土司ㄙㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lacuoya (剌錯牙土司ㄌㄚˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Runzelusun (潤則魯孫土司ㄖㄨㄣˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bujiucun (部舊村土司ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai () of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Manchexiang (慢車鄉土司ㄇㄢˋ ㄔㄜ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Diao () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghua (蒙化土司ㄇㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zuo () of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yuanjiang (元江土司ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Na () of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shidian (施甸土司ㄕ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhendao (鎮道土司ㄓㄣˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Ailin (艾林土司ㄞˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Badi (壩底土司ㄅㄚˋ ㄉㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhanzangxianjiecu (占藏先結簇土司ㄓㄢˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Fashandongcu (發山洞簇土司ㄈㄚ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Banbancu (班班簇土司ㄅㄢ ㄅㄢ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Sinang'ercu (思曩兒簇土司ㄙ ㄋㄤˇ ㄦˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Ayongcu (阿用簇土司ㄚ ㄩㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Panwozhai (潘斡寨土司ㄆㄢ ㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Balang (八郎土司ㄅㄚ ㄌㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Ajiaozhai (阿角寨土司ㄚ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Xintian (新添土司ㄒㄧㄣ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bapingzhai (把平寨土司ㄅㄚˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Danxing (丹行土司ㄉㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ) (?–?)

Dynasties of foreign colonies and concessions in China

Cyprus

Indian Subcontinent (South Asia)

Note that many dates before the 9th century AD are disputed.[5]

Foreign dynasties on the Indian Subcontinent (South Asia)

Indonesia

Iran (Persia)

Japan

Jordan

Korea

  • Gojoseon (고조선 / 古朝鮮) (2333–108 BC) – The traditional founding year of 2333 BC assigned by Korean historiography is typically considered to be mythical
  • Takri Kingdom (고리국 / 槀離國) (c. 5th century–2nd century BC)
  • Jin ( / ) (c. 4th century–2nd century BC)
  • Dongye (동예 / 東濊) (c. 3rd century BC–AD 5th century)
  • Buyeo (부여 / 扶餘) (239 BC–AD 494)
    • Northern Buyeo (북부여 / 北扶餘) (239–58 BC)
      • Jolbon Buyeo (졸본부여 / 卒本扶餘) (86–37 BC)
      • Eastern Buyeo (동부여 / 東扶餘) (86 BC–AD 22)
        • Galsa Buyeo (갈사부여 / 曷思扶餘) (AD 22–494)
  • Okjeo (옥저 / 沃沮) (c. 2nd century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Eastern Okjeo (동옥저 / 東沃沮) – Also called "Southern Okjeo" (남옥저 / 南沃沮)
    • Northern Okjeo (북옥저 / 北沃沮)
  • Han dynasty (한나라 / 漢朝) (c. 108 BC–AD 9, AD 30–220) – Ruled by the House of Liu ( / ); Chinese rule over the Four Commanderies of Han on the Korean Peninsula as far south as the Han River
  • Nakrang Kingdom
    (낙랑국 / 樂浪國) (c. 1st century BC–AD 37)
  • Samhan (삼한 / 三韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Jinhan (진한 / 辰韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 4th century)
    • Mahan (마한 / 馬韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Byeonhan (변한 / 弁韓) (c. 1st century–4th century AD)
  • Three Kingdoms (삼국 / 三國) (57 BC–AD 668)
    • Silla (신라 / 新羅) (57 BC–AD 935) – Ruled by the House of Park ( / ), the House of Seok ( / ), and the House of Kim ( / )
    • Goguryeo (고구려 / 高句麗) (37 BC–AD 668) – Ruled by the House of Go ( / )
    • Baekje (백제 / 百濟) (18 BC–AD 660) – Ruled by the House of Buyeo (부여 / 扶餘); Also called "Southern Buyeo" (남부여 / 南扶餘)
  • Tamna (탐라 / 耽羅) (57 BC–AD 1402)
  • Xin dynasty (신나라 / 新朝) (AD 9–23) – Interrupted the Han dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wang ( / ); Chinese rule over the Four Commanderies of Han on the Korean Peninsula
  • Gaya (가야 / 伽倻) (AD 42–562)
  • Cao Wei (조위 / 曹魏) (AD 236–265) – Ruled by the House of Cao ( / ); Chinese rule over the Daifang Commandery on part of the Korean Peninsula
  • Jin dynasty (진(위진) / 晉朝) (AD 266–314) – Ruled by the House of Sima (사마 / 司馬); Chinese rule over the Daifang Commandery on part of the Korean Peninsula
  • Tang dynasty (당나라 / 唐朝) (AD 660–690, AD 705–761) – Ruled by the House of Li ( / ); Chinese rule over the Ungjin Commandery and Gyerim Territory Area Command on part of the Korean Peninsula
    • Wu Zhou (무주 / 武周) (AD 690–705) – Interrupted the Tang dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wu ( / ); Chinese rule over the Ungjin Commandery and Gyerim Territory Area Command on part of the Korean Peninsula
  • Bodeog (보덕국 / 報德國) (AD 674–683) – Ruled by the House of Go ( / )
  • Northern and Southern States (남북국 / 南北國) (AD 698–892)
    • Later Silla
      (후신라 / 後新羅) (AD 668–935) – Ruled by the House of Kim ( / ); Also called "Unified Silla" (통일신라 / 統一新羅)
    • Balhae (발해 / 渤海) (AD 698–926) – Ruled by the House of Dae ( / )
  • Jang-an (장안 / 長安) (AD 822–825) – Ruled by the House of Kim ( / )
  • Later Three Kingdoms (후삼국 / 後三國) (AD 892–936)
    • Later Silla (후신라 / 後新羅) (AD 668–935) – Ruled by the House of Kim ( / ); Also called "Unified Silla" (통일신라 / 統一新羅)
    • Later Baekje (후백제 / 後百濟) (AD 892–936) – Ruled by the House of Gyeon ( / )
    • Taebong (태봉 / 泰封) (AD 901–918) – Ruled by the House of Kim ( / ); Also called "Later Goguryeo" (후고구려 / 後高句麗)
  • Goryeo (고려 / 高麗) (AD 918–1392) – Ruled by the House of Wang ( / )
  • Later Sabeol (후사벌 / 後沙伐) (AD 919–927) – Ruled by the House of Park ( / )
  • Usan (우산국 / 于山國) (?–AD 1022)
  • Daewi (대위국 / 大為國) (AD 1135–1136)
  • Yuan dynasty (원나라 / 元朝) (AD 1270–1356) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (보르지긴 / 孛兒只斤); Goryeo ruled as the Zhengdong Province of the Yuan dynasty of China
  • Joseon (조선 / 朝鮮) (AD 1392–1897) – Ruled by the House of Yi ( / )
  • Daegeum (대금 / 大金) (AD 1453) – Ruled by the House of Yi ( / )
  • Imperial House of Japan (일본 황실 / 日本皇室) (AD 1910–1945) – Korea under Japanese rule

Kuwait

Laos

Lebanon

Malaysia

  • Gangga Negara (c. AD 2nd century–1026) – Legendary
  • Langkasuka (c. AD 2nd century–15th century)
  • Kedah Sultanate (Kesultanan Kedah) (AD 1136–1941, AD 1945–1946, AD 1948–present) – Ruling house of Kedah (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Bolkiah (AD 1368–1888) – Sabah and Sarawak under Bruneian rule
  • Malacca Sultanate (Kesultanan Melayu Melaka) (AD 1400–1511)
  • Sultanate of Sulu (Kesultanan Sulu) (AD 1405–1882) – Sabah under Sulu rule
  • Pattani Kingdom
  • House of Aviz (AD 1511–1580) – Malacca under Portuguese rule
  • Malacca-Johor dynasty (AD 1528–1699) – Johor Sultanate
  • House of Waris Jakun (AD 1540–1555, AD 1605–1620, AD 1645–1660, AD 1750–1790, AD 1795–1812, AD 1819–1838, AD 1871–1883, AD 1905–1922, AD 1938–1962, AD 1998–present) – Undang of Rembau in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Waris Jawa (AD 1555–1605, AD 1620–1645, AD 1660–1750, AD 1790–1795, AD 1812–1819, AD 1838–1871, AD 1883–1905, AD 1922–1938, AD 1962–1998) – Undang of Rembau in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • Philippine dynasty (AD 1581–1640) – Malacca under Portuguese rule
  • Siak dynasty (AD 1636–present) – Ruling house of Perak (Non-sovereign)
  • First Kelantanese dynasty
    (AD 1688–1808) – Pattani Kingdom
  • Bendahara dynasty (AD 1699–present) – Johor Sultanate (AD 1699–1855), Pahang Kingdom (AD 1770–1881), and ruling house of Pahang and Terengganu (AD 1699–present) (Non-sovereign)
    • Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia; Ruling house of Johor
  • House of Perut Johol (AD 1723–1900, AD 1918–1947, AD 1873–1985, AD 1988–2007, AD 2016–present) – Undang of Johol in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Daeng Chelak (AD 1745–present) – Ruling house of Selangor (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Waris Ulu Jelebu (AD 1757–?, AD 1820–?, AD 1883–1902, AD 1966–1979) – Undang of Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Long Yunus (AD 1765–present) – Ruling house of Kelantan (Non-sovereign)
  • Pagaruyung dynasty (AD 1773–present) – Ruling house of Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign); Also called "House of Yamtuan Raden"
  • House of Palembang (AD 1780–1899) – Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman
  • House of Waris Sarin (AD 18th century–19th century, AD 1902–1945, AD 1980–2014) – Undang of Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Klana (AD 18th century–present) – Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
    • House of Waris Hulu (AD 18th century–?, AD 1760–1800, AD 1824–1873, AD 1889–1945, AD 1993–present) – Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
    • House of Walis Hilir (AD 18th century–?, AD 1800–1824, AD 1873–1889, AD 1945–1993) – Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Hanover (Wangsa Hannover) (AD 1826–1901) – Malaysia under British rule
  • White Rajahs (Raja Putih Sarawak) (AD 1841–1946) – Raj of Sarawak; Also called "Brooke dynasty"
  • Second Kelantanese dynasty
    (AD 1842–1902) – Pattani Kingdom
  • House of Jamalullail (AD 1843–present) – Ruling house of Perlis (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Waris Kemin (AD 19th century–1820, ?–AD 1883, AD 1945–1962, AD 2018–present) – Undang of Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (AD 1901–1917) – Malaysia under British rule
    • House of Windsor (Wangsa Windsor) (AD 1917–1941, AD 1945–1963) – Malaysia under British rule
  • House of Perut Gemencheh (AD 1901–1918, AD 1947–1973, AD 1985–1988, AD 2007–2016) – Undang of Johol in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • Imperial House of Japan (AD 1941–1945) – Japanese occupation of Malaya

Maldives

Mesopotamia

Mongolia

Myanmar (Burma)

Nepal

(राणा वंश) (AD 1857-1951)

Oman

Israel

The Philippines

Qatar

Ryukyu Islands

Saudi Arabia

Siberia

Singapore

Sri Lanka

Thailand (Siam)

  • Singhanavati (สิงหนวัติ)
  • Lavachakkaraj dynasty (AD 638–1292) – Kingdom of Hiran
  • Phra Ruang dynasty (ราชวงศ์พระร่วง) (AD 1238–1438) – Sukhothai Kingdom
  • Mangrai dynasty (AD 1292–1558) – Lan Na
  • Uthong dynasty (ราชวงศ์อู่ทอง) (AD 1350–1370, AD 1388–1409) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Suphannaphum dynasty (ราชวงศ์สุพรรณภูมิ) (AD 1370–1388, AD 1409–1569) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Pattani Kingdom
  • Sukhothai dynasty (ราชวงศ์สุโขทัย) (AD 1569–1629) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Sultanate of Singora (รัฐสุลต่านซิงกอรา) (AD 1605–1680)
  • Prasart Thong dynasty (ราชวงศ์ปราสาททอง) (AD 1629–1688) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Baan Plu Luang dynasty (ราชวงศ์บ้านพลูหลวง) (AD 1688–1767) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • First Kelantanese dynasty
    (AD 1688–1808) – Pattani Kingdom
  • Chet Ton dynasty
    (เชื้อเจ็ดตน) (AD 1732–1943) – Also called "Thipchak dynasty" (ราชวงศ์ทิพย์จักร)
  • Thonburi Kingdom (ราชวงศ์ธนบุรี) (AD 1767–1782)
  • Chakri dynasty (ราชวงศ์จักรี) (AD 1782–present) – Rattanakosin Kingdom (AD 1782–1932) and Kingdom of Thailand (AD 1932–present)
  • Second Kelantanese dynasty
    (AD 1842–1902) – Pattani Kingdom

Timor-Leste (East Timor)

United Arab Emirates

Vietnam

  • Hồng Bàng dynasty (Hồng Bàng thị / 鴻龐氏) (2879–258 BC)
    • Càn line (Chi Càn / 支乾) (2879–2794 BC)
    • Khảm line (Chi Khảm / 支坎) (2793–2525 BC)
    • Cấn line (Chi Cấn / 支艮) (2524–2253 BC)
    • Chấn line (Chi Chấn / 支震) (2252–1913 BC)
    • Tốn line (Chi Tốn / 支巽) (1912–1713 BC)
    • Ly line (Chi Ly / 支離) (1712–1632 BC)
    • Khôn line (Chi Khôn / 支坤) (1631–1432 BC)
    • Đoài line (Chi Đoài / 支兌) (1431–1332 BC)
    • Giáp line (Chi Giáp / 支甲) (1331–1252 BC)
    • Ất line (Chi Ất / 支乙) (1251–1162 BC)
    • Bính line (Chi Bính / 支丙) (1161–1055 BC)
    • Đinh line (Chi Đinh / 支丁) (1054–969 BC)
    • Mậu line (Chi Mậu / 支戊) (968–854 BC)
    • Kỷ line (Chi Kỷ / 支己) (853–755 BC)
    • Canh line (Chi Canh / 支庚) (754–661 BC)
    • Tân line (Chi Tân / 支辛) (660–569 BC)
    • Nhâm line (Chi Nhâm / 支壬) (568–409 BC)
    • Qúy line (Chi Qúy / 支癸) (408–258 BC)
  • Thục dynasty (Nhà Thục / 茹蜀) (257–207 BC)
  • Triệu dynasty (Nhà Triệu / 茹趙) (204–111 BC) – Founded by Zhao Tuo from the Chinese Qin dynasty; Vietnam ruled as part of Nanyue
  • Han dynasty (Nhà Hán / 茹漢) (111 BC–AD 9, AD 23–40, AD 43–220) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (First domination and Second domination)
  • Xin dynasty (Nhà Tân / 茹新) (AD 9–23) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (First domination); Interrupted the Han dynasty
  • Trưng sisters (Hai Bà Trưng / 𠄩婆徵) (AD 40–43) – Interrupted the Han dynasty
  • Eastern Wu (Đông Ngô / 東吳) (AD 229–265, AD 271–280) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Second domination)
  • Jin dynasty (Nhà Tấn / 茹晉) (AD 266–271, AD 280–420) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Second domination)
  • Liu Song (Lưu Tống / 劉宋) (AD 420–479) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Second domination)
  • Southern Qi (Nam Tề / 南齊) (AD 479–502) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Second domination)
  • Liang dynasty (Nhà Lương / 茹梁) (AD 502–544) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Second domination)
  • Early Lý dynasty (Nhà Tiền Lý / 茹前李) (AD 544–602)
  • Sui dynasty (Nhà Tùy / 茹隋) (AD 602–618) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Third domination)
  • Tang dynasty (Nhà Đường / 茹唐) (AD 621–690, AD 705–905) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Third domination)
    • Wu Zhou (Võ Chu / 武周) (AD 690–705) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Third domination); Interrupted the Tang dynasty
  • Khúc clan (Họ Khúc / 𣱆曲) (AD 905–930)
  • Southern Han (Nam Hán / 南漢) (AD 930–938) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Third domination)
  • Ngô dynasty (Nhà Ngô / 茹吳) (AD 939–965)
  • Đinh dynasty (Nhà Đinh / 茹丁) (AD 968–980)
  • Early Lê dynasty (Nhà Tiền Lê / 茹前黎) (AD 980–1009)
  • Lý dynasty (Nhà Lý / 茹李) (AD 1009–1225)
  • Trần dynasty (Nhà Trần / 茹陳) (AD 1225–1400)
  • Hồ dynasty (Nhà Hồ / 茹胡) (AD 1400–1407)
  • Ming dynasty (Nhà Minh / 茹明) (AD 1407–1427) – Vietnam under Chinese rule (Fourth domination)
  • Later Lê dynasty (Nhà Hậu Lê / 茹後黎) (AD 1428–1527, AD 1533–1789)
  • Mạc dynasty (Nhà Mạc / 茹莫) (AD 1527–1677)
  • Bầu lords (Chúa Bầu / 主裒) (AD 1527–1689)
  • Trịnh lords (Chúa Trịnh / 主鄭) (AD 1545–1787)
  • Nguyễn lords (Chúa Nguyễn / 主阮) (AD 1558–1777)
  • Principality of Hà Tiên (Hà Tiên trấn / 河僊鎮) (AD 1707–1832) – Founded by Mo Jiu from the Chinese Southern Ming dynasty
  • Tây Sơn dynasty (Nhà Tây Sơn / 茹西山) (AD 1778–1802)
  • Nguyễn dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn / 茹阮) (AD 1802–1945) – Nguyễn monarch legally maintained the nominal title of "emperor" in the Domain of the Crown from 1950 to 1955[6]
  • House of Bonaparte (Nhà Bonaparte) (AD 1862–1870) – Cochinchina under French rule
  • House of Sedang (Nhà Xơ Đăng) (AD 1888–1890)
  • Tai Federation Royal House (before 17th century–1954)

Yemen

List of dynasties in Europe

Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Albania

Andorra

Austria

Barbarians

Avars

Bavarii

Burgundians

Franks

Huns

Lombards

Ostrogoths

Suebi

Vandals

Visigoths

Belgium

Medieval feudal states[t]

Kingdom of Belgium

Bohemia/Czechia

Great Moravia

Duchy of Bohemia

Kingdom of Bohemia

Bosnia

  • House of Boričević
    (1154–1163)
  • House of Kulinić
    (1163–1250)
  • House of Kotromanić
    (1250–1463)
  • House of Berislavić
    (1463–1527)

Bulgaria

Croatia

Denmark

England

Estonia

Faroe Islands

Finland

France

Germany

Bavaria

  • Agilolfings (Agilolfinger) (AD 548–788)
  • Liutpolding Dynasty
    (Luitpoldinger) (AD 889–947)
  • Ottonian Dynasty
    (Ottonen) (AD 947–1017)
  • House of Luxembourg (AD 1017–1026, 1039–1047)
  • Salian Dynasty
    (Salier) (AD 1026–1039, 1053–1061)
  • House of Welf (Welfen) (AD 1070–1138, 1156–1180)
  • House of Babenberg
    (AD 1138–1156)
  • House of Wittelsbach (AD 1180–1918)

Saxony

  • Liudolfing Dynasty
    (843–961)
  • Billung Dynasty
    (961–1106)
  • Supplinburger Dynasty
    (1106–1127)
  • House of Welf (1127–1138, 1142–1180)
  • Ascanian Dynasty
    (1138–1142, 1180–1422)
  • Wettin Dynasty
    (1422–1918)

Georgia

Greece

  • Erechtheid dynasty (1556–1127 BC) – Athens
  • Melanthid dynasty (1126–1068 BC) – Athens
  • Agiad dynasty (930–215 BC) – Sparta
  • Eurypontid dynasty (930–206 BC) – Sparta
  • Argead dynasty (Ἀργεάδαι) (700–305 BC) – Macedonia
  • Paeonia Kingdom (Παιονία) (?–511 BC)
  • Achaemenid dynasty (511–499 BC, 492–479 BC) – Macedonia under Achaemenid rule
  • Odrysian Kingdom (480–30 BC)
  • Antigonid dynasty (Ἀντιγονίδαι) (306–286 BC, 276–168 BC) – Macedonia
  • Antipatrid dynasty (Ἀντιπατρίδαι) (305–294 BC, 279–276 BC) – Macedonia
  • Mithridatic dynasty (281–37 BC) – Pontus
  • Aeacid dynasty (Αἰακίδαι) (?–233 BC) – Epirus
  • Julio–Claudian dynasty (Ιουλιο-Κλαυδιανή δυναστεία) (27 BC–AD 68) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Flavian dynasty (AD 69–96) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Nerva–Antonine dynasty (AD 96–192) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Severan dynasty (AD 193–235) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Gordian dynasty (AD 238–244) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Decian dynasty (AD 249–253) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Valerian dynasty (AD 253–268) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Illyrian emperors (AD 268–284) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Caran dynasty (AD 282–285) – Greece under Roman rule
  • Constantinian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Κωνσταντίνου) (AD 305–363) – Greece under Roman/Byzantine rule
  • Valentinianic dynasty (Δυναστεία του Βαλεντινιανού) (AD 364–379) – Greece
    under Byzantine rule
  • Theodosian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Θεοδοσίου) (AD 379–457) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Leonid dynasty (Δυναστεία του Λέοντος) (AD 457–518) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Justinian dynasty (AD 518–602) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Heraclian dynasty (AD 610–711) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Isaurian dynasty (Δυναστεία των Ισαύρων) (AD 717–802) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Nikephorian dynasty (Δυναστεία του Νικηφόρου) (AD 802–813) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Amorian dynasty (AD 820–867) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Emirate of Crete (AD 824–961)
  • Macedonian dynasty (Δυναστεία των Μακεδόνων) (AD 867–1056) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Doukid dynasty (Δυναστεία των Δουκών) (AD 1059–1081) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Komnenos dynasty (Δυναστεία των Κομνηνών) (AD 1081–1185) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • Angelos dynasty (Οίκος των Αγγέλων) (AD 1185–1204) – Greece under Byzantine rule
  • House of Flanders (Οίκος της Φλάνδρας) (AD 1204–1216) – Greece within the Latin Empire
  • Komnenos Doukas dynasty (AD 1205–1318) – Despotate of Epirus
  • Capetian House of Courtenay (AD 1216–1261) – Greece within the Latin Empire
  • Palaiologos dynasty (Δυναστεία των Παλαιολόγων) (AD 1261–1453) – Byzantine rule in Greece restored
  • Orsini dynasty
    (AD 1318–1337, AD 1356–1359) – Despotate of Epirus
  • House of Barcelona (Οίκος της Βαρκελώνης) (AD 1319–1387) – Duchy of Neopatras
  • Nemanjić dynasty (AD 1347–1385) – Despotate of Epirus
  • Losha family (AD 1359–1374) – Despotate of Arta
  • Spata family (AD 1374–1416) – Despotate of Arta
  • Buondelmonti dynasty
    (AD 1385–1411) – Despotate of Epirus
  • Tocco dynasty
    (AD 1411–1479) – Despotate of Epirus
  • Ottoman dynasty (Οθωμανική Δυναστεία) (AD 1458–1830) – Greece under Ottoman rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Οικογένεια Βοναπάρτη) (AD 1807–1814) – Ionian Islands under French rule
  • House of Wittelsbach (Οίκος του Βίττελσμπαχ) (AD 1832–1862) – Kingdom of Greece
  • House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
    (Οίκος του Σλέσβιχ-Χόλσταϊν-Σόντερμπουργκ-Γκλύξμπουργκ) (AD 1863–1924, AD 1935–1973) – Kingdom of Greece

Hungary

  • Hunnic Empire
    (370s–469)
  • Árpád Dynasty
    (c. 895 – 1301)
  • Samuel Aba of Hungary
    Aba – Árpád Dynasty (1038–1044)
  • Přemyslid Dynasty
    (1301–1305)
  • House of Wittelsbach
    (1305–1308)
  • Capetian Dynasty, House of Anjou
    (1308–1395)
  • House of Luxemburg
    (1387–1437)
  • Hunyadi family (1458–1490)
  • Habsburg Dynasty
    (1437–1457, 1526–1918)
  • Jagiellonian Dynasty
    (1440–1526)
  • Zápolya Dynasty
    (1526–1571)

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Monaco

Montenegro

The Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

County of Portugal

Kingdom of Portugal

Roman Empire

Romania

Moldavia

Wallachia

After the Unification

European Russia

  • Khazar Khaganate (Хазары) (AD 650–969)
  • Volga Bulgaria (Волжская Булгария) (AD 7th century–1242)
  • Rus' Khaganate (Русский каганат) (AD 8th century–9th century) – Hypothesized
  • Kyi dynasty (AD 842–882)
  • Rurik dynasty
    (Рю́риковичи) (AD 862–1598, AD 1605–1610)
  • Golden Horde (Золотая Орда) (AD 1242–1502) – Russia under Mongol rule
  • Qasim dynasty (AD 1575–1576)
  • Godunov dynasty (Годуно́в) (AD 1598–1605)
  • House of Vasa (Васа) (AD 1610–1613, AD 1634–1654) – Disputed claim to the Russian throne (AD 1610–1613) and Kexholm County under Swedish rule (AD 1634–1654)
  • House of Romanov (Рома́новы) (AD 1613–1762, AD 1796–1917, AD 1922)
    • House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
      (Ветвь Гольштейн-Готторп-Романовская) (AD 1762, AD 1796–1917, AD 1922)
  • Kalmyk Khanate (Калмыцкое ханство) (AD 1630–1771)
  • House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (AD 1654–1720) – Kexholm County under Swedish rule
  • House of Hesse (AD 1720–1721) – Kexholm County under Swedish rule
  • House of Ascania (Аскании) (AD 1762–1796)

Scotland

Serbia

Spain

Sweden

Ukraine

  • Hunnic Empire
    (AD 370s–469)
  • Dulo clan (Дуло) (AD 632–668) – Old Great Bulgaria
  • Khazar Khaganate (Хозари) (c. AD 650–969)
  • Rus' Khaganate (Руський Каганат) (AD 8th century–9th century) – Hypothesized
  • Pecheneg Khanates (Печеніги) (AD 860–1091)
  • Rurik dynasty (Рюриковичі) (AD 890–1323) – Kievan Rus' and Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
  • Golden Horde (Золота Орда) (AD 1242–1502) – Ukraine under Mongol rule
  • Piast dynasty (П'ясти) (AD 1323–1340) – Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
  • Gediminid dynasty (Гедиміновичі) (AD 1340–1349) – Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
  • Giray dynasty (Ґіреї) (AD 1427–1783) – Crimean Khanate
  • Jagiellonian dynasty (Ягеллони) (AD 1569–1572, AD 1575–1586) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • House of Valois (Валуа) (AD 1574–1575) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • Báthory family (Баторії) (AD 1575–1586) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • House of Vasa (Ваза) (AD 1587–1668) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • Khmelnytsky (AD 1648–1663, AD 1678–1681)
  • Wiśniowiecki (Вишневецькі) (AD 1669–1673) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • House of Sobieski (Собеські) (AD 1674–1696) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • House of Wettin (Веттіни) (AD 1697–1706, AD 1709–1733, AD 1734–1763) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • Leszczyński (Лещинський) (AD 1705–1709, AD 1733–1736) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • Skoropadsky family (Скоропадські) (AD 1708–1722, AD 1918)
  • Poniatowski (Понятовські) (AD 1764–1795) – Ukraine under Polish rule
  • House of Habsburg (Габсбурги) (AD 1772–1780) – Galicia under Austrian rule
  • House of Ascania (Асканії) (AD 1772–1796) – Ukraine under Russian rule
  • House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
    (Гольштейн-Готторп-Романовы) (AD 1796–1917) – Ukraine under Russian rule

Wales

List of dynasties in North America

Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Alaska

  • House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
    (AD 1799–1867) – Alaska under Russian rule
  • Imperial House of Japan (AD 1942–1943) – Japanese occupation of Attu and Kiska

Antigua and Barbuda

  • House of Stuart (AD 1632–1649, AD 1660–1714) – Antigua and Barbuda under English rule (AD 1632–1649, AD 1660–1707) and Antigua and Barbuda under British rule (AD 1707–1714)
  • House of Hanover (AD 1714–1901) – Antigua and Barbuda under British rule
  • House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (AD 1901–1917) – Antigua and Barbuda under British rule

The Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Bermuda

Canada

Costa Rica

  • House of Trastámara (AD 1524–1555) – Costa Rica under Spanish rule
  • House of Habsburg (AD 1516–1700) – Costa Rica under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1821) – Costa Rica under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (AD 1808–1813) – Costa Rica under Spanish rule
  • House of Iturbide (AD 1822–1823) – Costa Rica under Mexican rule

Cuba

  • House of Trastámara (Casa de Trastámara) (AD 1511–1555) – Cuba under Spanish rule
  • House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1516–1700) – Cuba under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1868, AD 1874–1898) – Cuba under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Cuba under Spanish rule
  • House of Savoy (Casa de Saboya) (AD 1870–1873) – Cuba under Spanish rule

Dominica

El Salvador

  • Cuzcatlan (1054–1528)
  • House of Trastámara (Casa de Trastámara) (AD 1511–1555) – El Salvador under Spanish rule
  • House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1516–1700) – El Salvador under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1821) – El Salvador under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – El Salvador under Spanish rule
  • House of Iturbide (Casa de Iturbide) (AD 1822–1823) – El Salvador under Mexican rule

Greenland

Grenada

Haiti

Honduras

  • House of Trastámara (Casa de Trastámara) (AD 1502–1555) – Honduras under Spanish rule
  • House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1516–1700) – Honduras under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1821) – Honduras under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Honduras under Spanish rule
  • House of Iturbide (Casa de Iturbide) (AD 1822–1823) – Honduras under Mexican rule
  • House of Hanover (Casa de Hanover) (AD 1852-1860) – British occupation of the Bay Islands

Jamaica

Maya

Mexico

Panama

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Trinidad and Tobago

  • House of Trastámara (AD 1498–1555) – Trinidad under Spanish rule
  • House of Habsburg (AD 1516–1700) – Trinidad under Spanish rule
  • House of Ketteler (AD 1654–1659) – Tobago under Couronian rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (AD 1700–1797) – Trinidad under Spanish rule
  • House of Hanover (AD 1763–1781, AD 1793–1901) – Tobago under British rule (AD 1763–1781, AD 1793–1802, AD 1814–1901) and Trinidad under British rule (AD 1797–1901)
  • House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (AD 1901–1917) – Trinidad and Tobago under British rule

Conterminous United States

  • Capetian dynasty (AD 1534–1808, AD 1813–1821)
    • House of Valois-Angoulême
      (AD 1534–1589) – French possessions in America
    • House of Bourbon (AD 1589–1808, AD 1813–1821)
      • House of Bourbon-Vendôme (AD 1589–1763) – French possessions in America
      • House of Bourbon-Anjou
        (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1821) – Spanish possessions in America
  • House of Habsburg (AD 1535–1700) – Spanish possessions in America
  • House of Stuart (AD 1607–1649, AD 1660–1714) – English possessions in America (AD 1607–1649, AD 1660–1707) and British possessions in America (AD 1707–1714)
  • House of Nassau (AD 1614–1667, AD 1673–1674) – Dutch possessions in America
  • House of Vasa (AD 1638–1654) – Swedish possessions in America
  • House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (AD 1654–1655) – Swedish possessions in America
  • House of Hanover (AD 1714–1783, AD 1813–1821) – British possessions in America
  • Wapasha dynasty (AD 1718–present) – Mdewakanton sub-tribe of the Dakota people (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Bonaparte (AD 1808–1813) – Spanish possessions in America
  • House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
    (AD 1812–1841) – Russian possessions in America
  • House of Iturbide (AD 1821–1823) – Mexican possessions in America

Virgin Islands

List of dynasties in Oceania

Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Australia

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Easter Island (Chile)

Fiji

French Polynesia (France)

Austral Islands

  • Kingdom of Rimatara
  • Kingdom of Rurutu

Bass Islands

Gambier Islands

Marquesas Islands

Society Islands

Hawaii (United States)

Kiribati

Marshall Islands

Micronesia

Nauru

New Zealand

Cook Islands

Niue

Tokelau

Palau

Papua New Guinea

Samoan Islands

Solomon Islands

Tonga

Tuvalu

Vanuatu

List of dynasties in South America

Legend
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Argentina

  • House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1534–1700) – Argentina under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1816) – Argentina under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Argentina under Spanish rule
  • chiefdoms of Mapuche
    Nation

Bolivia

  • House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1532 –1700) – Bolivia under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1825) – Bolivia under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Bolivia under Spanish rule
  • Afro-Bolivian Royal House (AD 1823–present)

Brazil

Chile

  • House of Habsburg (Casa de Habsburgo) (AD 1541–1700) – Chile under Spanish rule
  • House of Bourbon-Anjou
    (Casa de Borbón-Anjou) (AD 1700–1808, AD 1813–1818) – Chile under Spanish rule
  • House of Bonaparte (Casa de Bonaparte) (AD 1808–1813) – Chile under Spanish rule
  • chiefdoms of Mapuche
    Nation

Guyana

Peru

Suriname

Venezuela

List of dynasties with claimed possessions in Antarctica

Note that modern territorial claims in Antarctica are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.[7]

Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Existing sovereign entities ruled by non-dynastic monarchs are:
  2. ^ The founder of a dynasty need not necessarily equate to the first monarch of a particular realm. For example, while William I was the dynastic founder of the House of Orange-Nassau which currently rules over the Kingdom of the Netherlands, he was never a monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
  3. ^ Not to be confused with dynastic seat.
  4. ^ A sovereign state with Charles III as its monarch and head of state is known as a Commonwealth realm.
  5. ^ In AD 1917, the dynasty was renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Windsor by George V.
  6. ^ Including:
  7. ^ The Realm of New Zealand consists of:
  8. ^ Including: In addition, the British government is responsible for the following Crown Dependencies, but they are neither part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland nor are they British Overseas Territories:
  9. House of Belgium by Albert I
    .
  10. Tarim
    is claimed by the royal family, but the historicity is dubious.
  11. ^ The Danish Realm consists of:
  12. ^ Including:
  13. ^ The Emperor Jimmu was the legendary founder of the Imperial House of Japan, also known as the Yamato dynasty, but his historicity remains unverifiable. The earliest widely accepted ruler from the dynasty was the Emperor Ankō. According to official narrative, the Imperial House of Japan is the world's oldest continuous dynasty, having produced an unbroken succession of Japanese monarchs since the legendary founding year of 660 BC.
  14. Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
    .
  15. Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers
    .
  16. ^ The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of:
  17. ^ The House of Nahyan is the ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The Emir of Abu Dhabi is the incumbent President of the United Arab Emirates.
  18. ^ The President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council. The office has been held by the Emir of Abu Dhabi since the formation of the United Arab Emirates in AD 1971.
  19. ^ Since AD 2011, Montenegro has officially recognized the limited non-political role of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty in cultural promotion. The Petrović-Njegoš dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Montenegro between AD 1696 and AD 1918.
  20. ^ They were owners by grant without any royal title related to Cocos Islands.
  21. ^ They were owners by grant without any royal title related to Klein-Venedig.

References

  1. ^ "The Realms". The British Monarchists Society. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  2. ^ Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1982). "唐时期全图(一)". The Historical Atlas of China.
  3. ^ Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1982). "唐时期全图(二)". The Historical Atlas of China.
  4. ^ Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1982). "唐时期全图(三)". The Historical Atlas of China.
  5. .
  6. ^ Lê Đình Chi. Người Thượng Miền Nam Việt Nam. Gardena, California: Văn Mới, 2006. Pages: 401-449. (in Vietnamese).
  7. .