List of endemic species of Taiwan

The endemic species of Taiwan are

Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.^[1]

Endemic fauna

Endemic mammals

• Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
  • Formosan black bear – Ursus thibetanus formosanus
  • Formosan ferret-badger – Melogale subaurantiaca (Swinhoe)
• Order
  Artiodactyla
  (even-toed ungulates)
  • Formosan boar – Sus scrofa taivanus
  • Formosan sika deer – Cervus nippon taiouanus
  • Taiwan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
• Order Eulipotyphla (shrews and kin)
  • Taiwanese mole shrew – Anourosorex yamashinai Kuroda
  • Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
  • Formosan shrew
    – Episoriculus fumidus Thomas
  • Koshun shrew
    – Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas
  • Kano's mole – Mogera kanoana Kawada et al.
• Order Rodentia (rodents)
  • Formosan field vole
    – Apodemus semotus Thomas
  • Spinous country-rat
    – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
  • Formosan white-bellied rat
    – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
  • Kikuchi's field vole
    – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
  • Formosan giant flying squirrel
    – Petaurista grandis (Swinhoe)
  • Taiwan red-and-white giant flying squirrel
    – Petaurista lena Thomas
• Order Primate (primates)
  • Formosan macaque
    – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
• Order
  Chiroptera
  (bats)
  • Formosan long-eared bat
    – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
  • Long-toed myotis – Myotis secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
  • Reddish myotis – Myotis soror Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
  • Formosan mouse-eared bat
    – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
  • Formosan broad-muzzled bat
    – Submyotodon latirostris Kishida
  • Bicolored tube-nosed bat – Murina bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee
  • Slender tube-nosed bat – Murina gracilis Kuo et al.
  • Formosan tube-nosed bat
    – Murina puta Kishida
  • Murina recondita
    Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009
  • Yellow-necked bat
    – Thainycteris torquatus Gabor & Lee
  • Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
  • Formosan greater horseshoe bat
    – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
  • Formosan lesser horseshoe bat
    – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

Endemic birds

32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 686 bird species). The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6 % of all birds living in Taiwan.

• Order
  Passeriformes
  (passerines and relatives)
  • Taiwan yellow tit – Machlolophus holsti
  • Chestnut-bellied tit – Sittiparus castaneoventris
  • White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
  • White-throated laughingthrush – Pterorhinus albogularis
  • Rusty laughingthrush – Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus
  • White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
  • Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
  • Taiwan scimitar babbler – Pomatorhinus musicus
  • Black-necklaced scimitar babbler – Erythrogenys erythrocnemis
  • Taiwan cupwing – Pnoepyga formosana
  • Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
  • Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
  • Morrison's fulvetta
    – Alcippe morrisonia
  • Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
  • Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
  • Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
  • Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
  • White-browed bush robin – Tarsiger indicus
  • Taiwan bullfinch – Pyrrhula owstoni
  • Taiwan rosefinch – Carpodacus formosanus
  • Taiwan vivid niltava – Niltava vivida
  • Taiwan thrush – Turdus niveiceps
  • Taiwan shortwing – Brachypteryx goodfellowi
  • Taiwan fulvetta – Fulvetta formosana
  • Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
  • Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
  • Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus

• Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)
  • Taiwan partridge
    – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
  • Taiwan bamboo partridge – Bambusicola sonorivox
  • Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)
  • Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)

• Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
  • Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis

Endemic reptiles

• Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
  • Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
  • Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
  • Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida, 1988)
  • Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
  • Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
  • Gekko guishanicus – Lin & Yao, 2016
  • Short-legged japalure – Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
  • Diploderma luei – Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
  • Maki's japalura – Diploderma makii Ota
  • Swinhoe's japalura
    – Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
  • Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
  • Formosa grass lizard
    – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
  • Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
  • Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
  • Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
  • Hengchun blind snake – Argyrophis koshunensis Oshima
  • Atayal slug-eating snake – Pareas atayal You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015
  • Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
  • Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
  • Black odd-scaled snake
    – Achalinus niger Maki
  • Maki's keelback – Hebius miyajimae Maki
  • Swinhoe's grass snake
    – Rhabdophis swinhonis (Günther)
  • Formosa coral snake
    – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
  • Swinhoe's temperate Asian coralsnake – Sinomicrurus swinhoei (Van Dengurgh)
  • Taiwan pit viper
    – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

Endemic amphibians

• Order
  Anura
  (frogs and toads)
  • Central Formosa toad
    – Bufo bankorensis
  • Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
  • Swinhoe's brown frog – Odorrana swinhoana
  • Taipa frog – Rana longicrus
  • Sauter's brown frog – Rana sauteri
  • Ota's stream tree frog – Buergeria otai
  • Robust Buerger's frog
    – Buergeria robusta]]
  • Kurixalus berylliniris
  • Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
  • Kurixalus wangi
  • Farmland green treefrog – Zhangixalus arvalis
  • Orange-belly treefrog – Zhangixalus aurantiventris
  • Moltrecht's green tree frog
    – Rhacophorus moltrechti
  • Emerald green treefrog
    – Rhacophorus prasinatus
  • Taipei tree frog – Zhangixalus taipeianus
• Order
  Urodela
  (salamanders and newts)
  • Alishan salamander
    – Hynobius arisanensis
  • Formosan salamander
    – Hynobius formosanus
  • Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
  • Nanhu salamander
    – Hynobius glacialis
  • Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani

Endemic freshwater fishes

• Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
  • Taitung river loach
    – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen
  • Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
  • Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang
  • River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
  • Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
  • Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
  • Pararasbora moltrechti
    Regan
  • Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
  • Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
  • Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu & Nalbant
  • Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
  • Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
  • Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu & Nalbant
  • Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
  • Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
  • Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
• Order Gobiiformes (gobies and their relatives)
  • Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
  • Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen)
  • Goby – Rhinogobius candidianus Regan
  • Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma & Chen
  • Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
  • Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma & Chen
  • Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen & Shao
  • Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen & Shao
  • Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen & Shao
  • Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee & Chang
  • Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller & Fang

• Order
  Siluriformes
  (catfishes)
  • Formosan torrent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
  • Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
  • Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan

• Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)
  • Ariake icefish – Neosalanx acuticeps Regan (endangered)^[2]

• Order
  Salmoniformes
  (salmons and trouts)
  • Formosan landlocked salmon –
    Oncorhynchus formosanus
    (Jordan & Oshima)

Endemic flora

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2021)

Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan:

• Spodiopogon formosanus
• Symplocos trichoclada

See also

• List of protected species in Taiwan
• Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan
• Category:Endemic fauna of Taiwan

References