List of fake news websites

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish

homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.[1][2][3]

Definition

hoaxes and disinformation to drive web traffic inflamed by social media.[4][5][6] These sites are distinguished from news satire (which is usually intended to be humorous) as they mislead and sometimes profit from readers' gullibility.[5] While most fake news sites are portrayed to be spinoffs of other news sites, some of these websites are examples of website spoofing, structured to make visitors believe they are visiting major news outlets like ABC News or MSNBC.[7] The New York Times pointed out that within a strict definition, "fake news" on the Internet referred to a fictitious article which was fabricated with the deliberate motivation to defraud readers, generally with the goal of profiting through clickbait.[8] PolitiFact described fake news as fabricated content designed to fool readers and subsequently made viral through the Internet to crowds that increase its dissemination.[9]

The New York Times noted in a December 2016 article that fake news had previously maintained a presence on the Internet and within tabloid journalism in the years prior to the 2016 U.S. election.[8] Except for the 2016 Philippine elections,[10] prior to the election between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, fake news had not impacted the election process and subsequent events to such a high degree.[8] Subsequent to the 2016 election, the issue of fake news turned into a political weapon, with supporters of left-wing politics saying those on the opposite side of the spectrum spread falsehoods, and supporters of right-wing politics arguing such accusations were merely a way to censor conservative views.[8] Due to these back-and-forth complaints, the definition of fake news as used for such polemics became more vague.[8]

Lists

Campaigns by individuals

American News LLC

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
American News americannews[.]com Published a false story claiming actor Denzel Washington endorsed Donald Trump for president. The fictional headline led to thousands of people sharing it on Facebook, a prominent example of fake news spreading on the social network prior to the 2016 presidential election. [11]

[12][13]

Conservative 101 conservative101[.]com Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway. [11][12]
Democratic Review DemocraticReview[.]com Owned by American Review LLC of Miami, the same company that owns American News (americannews[.]com), Conservative 101 and Liberal Society. [12]
Liberal Society LiberalSociety[.]com Published a fake direct quote attributed to Obama, Falsely claimed that the White House fired Kellyanne Conway. [11][12]

Jestin Coler

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Conservative Frontline conservativefrontline[.]com [14]
Denver Guardian denverguardian[.]com [14]
DrudgeReport[.]com[.]co DrudgeReport[.]com[.]co Mimics the name of the Drudge Report. [14]
United Media Publishing unitedmediapublishing[.]com [14]
usatoday[.]com[.]co usatoday[.]com[.]co Defunct Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns [14]
washingtonpost[.]com[.]co washingtonpost[.]com[.]co Originally registered by Jestin Coler. The Washington Post submitted a complaint against Coler's registration of the site with GoDaddy under the UDRP, and in 2015, an arbitral panel ruled that Coler's registration of the domain name was a form of bad-faith cybersquatting (specifically, typosquatting), "through a website that competes with Complainant through the use of fake news. ... The fake news content misleads readers and serves as 'click bait' to drive readers to other sites, or to share the fake news content with others on social networking websites, to generate advertising revenue." [15][14]

Paul Horner

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
ABCnews.com.co ABCnews[.]com[.]co Defunct Owned by
Disney–ABC Television Group
).
[16]

[17]

CBSnews[.]com[.]co CBSnews[.]com[.]co Mimics the URL, design and logo of CBS News. [18]
christianfreedommovement[.]com christianfreedommovement[.]com [18]
cnn[.]com[.]de cnn[.]com[.]de Impostor site of CNN. [18]
isissingles[.]com isissingles[.]com [18]
iywib[.]com iywib[.]com [18]
keepdonaldtrump[.]com keepdonaldtrump[.]com [18]
makeredhatswearableagain[.]com makeredhatswearableagain[.]com [18]
mericaland[.]com mericaland[.]com [18]
microsoftsite[.]com microsoftsite[.]com [18]
nationalgeographic[.]com[.]co nationalgeographic[.]com[.]co Spoof of National Geographic. [18]
nationalreview[.]biz nationalreview[.]biz Spoof of National Review. [18]
NBC[.]com[.]co NBC[.]com[.]co Imitates NBC. [19][18]
NBCNews[.]com[.]co NBCNews[.]com[.]co Defunct Mimics the URL, design and logo of NBC News. [20]
News Examiner newsexaminer[.]net Started in 2015 by Paul Horner, the lead writer of the National Report. This website has been known to mix real news along with its fake news. [21]
paulhorner[.]org paulhorner[.]org [18]
snopes[.]com[.]co snopes[.]com[.]co Imposter site of Snopes. [18]
St George Gazette stgeorgegazette[.]com [18][22][23]
superofficialnews[.]com superofficialnews[.]com [18]
thephoenixnewtimes[.]com thephoenixnewtimes[.]com [18]
trumptized[.]com trumptized[.]com [18]

WTOE 5 News

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
16WMPO 16WMPO[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][24][25]
AlexJones[.]xyz AlexJones[.]xyz Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [26]
alynews[.]com alynews[.]com Part of a network that posted a false story that there was a sequel to the movie Step Brothers in the works in 2016.

Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[27][28][26]
channel16news[.]com channel16news[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
channel17news[.]com channel17news[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][29]
Channel 18 News Channel18News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][30][24]
clancyreport[.]com clancyreport[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
Daily News 10 DailyNews10[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][31][24]
Daily News 11 dailynews11[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
Daily News 5 DailyNews5[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][26][24]
FoxBusiness[.]xyz FoxBusiness[.]xyz Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [26]
Headline Brief headlinebrief[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
km8news[.]com km8news[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
KMT 11 News kmt11[.]com Defunct Falsely reports celebrity appearances and filming locations in random local towns. Before the website went down, it referred to itself as a "fantasy news website".[32][33]

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[34][32][33][24]
knp7[.]com knp7[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
kspm33[.]com kspm33[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
KUPR7 kupr7[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][35][36]
ky6news[.]com ky6news[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
KY12News[.]com KY12News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][24]
KYPO6 kypo6[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
Local 31 News Local31News[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][31][24]
localnews33[.]com localnews33[.]com Part of the same network as alynews[.]com [27][28]
lopezreport[.]com lopezreport[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
maywoodpost[.]com maywoodpost[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][37]
mbynews[.]com mbynews[.]com Part of the same network as alynews[.]com [27][28][26]
McKenzie Post mckenziepost[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][28][26]
NewsDaily12[.]com NewsDaily12[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News.

[19][24][25]
newsdaily27[.]com newsdaily27[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
News Now 11 newsnow11[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [38]
The North Devon Journal northdevonjournal[.]co[.]uk Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [29]
oreillypost[.]com oreillypost[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
WBN 12 News wbn12[.]com Likely part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [31]
wcpm3[.]com wcpm3[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
wleb21[.]com wleb21[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
WRPT 16 News wrpt16[.]com Part of the same network as WTOE 5 News. [27][26]
WTOE 5 News wtoe5news[.]com Original source of false claim that Pope Francis had endorsed Donald Trump in 2016. [39]

Your News Wire

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Neon Nettle neonnettle[.]com Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Stated by Snopes to be "interrelated" with NewsPunch and Your News Wire.

[19][40][41]
Newspunch
Newspunch[.]com Alternative name for YourNewsWire. [40]
The People's Voice (formerly NewsPunch and Your News Wire) thepeoplesvoice[.]tv Founded by Sean Adl-Tabatabai and Sinclair Treadway in 2014. It has published fake stories, such as "claims that the Queen had threatened to abdicate if the UK voted against Brexit." Its name was changed to NewsPunch in 2018 and The People's Voice in 2023. [42][19][40][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Your News Wire yournewswire[.]com Former name for The People's Voice. [42][19]

Others

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
ABCNews1[.]us ABCNews1[.]us Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
African News Updates africannewupsdate[.]com Same owner as News Updates South Africa. Published a false story about election fraud during the 2016 municipal elections in South Africa, which led to the Electoral Commission of South Africa filing a criminal complaint against the site owner. [51][52]
AJUAnews AJUAnews[.]com Plagiarized content from The Last Line of Defense. Reportedly owned by individual based in Pakistan. [50]
ALNewsNetwork[.]press ALNewsNetwork[.]press Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
America Talks Americatalks[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
America's Freedom Fighters Americasfreedomfighters[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Banned Information BannedInformation[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40]
Conservative Beaver conservativebeaver[.]com Published false anti-vaccination claims related to Pfizer, leading to Pfizer filing a petition to compel the site host to reveal the site owner's identity. [53]
Dos Palos News dospalosnews[.]com Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
FB News Cycle Fbnewscycle[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Same owner as Banned Information.

[40]
HealthFacts.pro HealthFacts[.]pro Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
Hot Global News hotglobalnews[.]com [47][54]
ILoveQuilting.pro ILoveQuilting[.]pro Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
Leading Report theleadingreport[.]com A website and Twitter account that promotes misinformation and conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and United States politics. [55]
National News Bulletin nationalnewsbulletin[.]com Same Google Analytics ID as News Updates South Africa. [51][52]
The National Sun thenationalsun[.]com Same owners as Hot Global News. [54][56]
net-breaking[.]com net-breaking[.]com Affiliated with Leading Report. [55]
News@Last newsatlast[.]com Fake news website in South Africa, per Africa Check, an IFCN signatory.

Same owner as News Updates South Africa.

[51][52]
News Updates South Africa newsupdatessa[.]site Per Africa Check and News24. [57][51]
Ohio Press Pro ohiopress[.]pro Same owner as AJUAnews. [50]
thepedogate[.]com thepedogate[.]com Part of same network as America Talks. Spread the false Pizzagate conspiracy theory. [40]
The Red Panther theredpanther[.]com Former name of Toronto Today. [53]
Right Wing Tribune Rightwingtribune[.]com Per FactCheck.org.

Same owners as America's Freedom Fighters.

[40]
Toronto99[.]com Toronto99[.]com Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver. [53]
Toronto Today torontotoday[.]net Had the same Google Adsense code as The Conservative Beaver. [53]
Vancouver Times vancouvertimes[.]org Likely shares the same site owner as the Conservative Beaver and Toronto Today. [58]

Climate change denial

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Climate Intelligence Foundation (CLINTEL) clintel[.]org [59][60]
NoTricksZone notrickszone[.]com [59][60]
Klimaat Feiten klimaatfeiten[.]nl [59][60]
Climate Gate climategate[.]nl [59][60]
Energy Talking Points energytalkingpoints[.]com [59][60]
Clima et Verité climatetverite[.]net [59][60]
Climato-Réalistes climato-realistes[.]fr [59][60]
Global Warming Scare globalwarmingscare[.]wordpress[.]com [60]
Climate Fraud klima-schwindel[.]com [60]
Climate Skeptical climat-sceptique[.]over-blog[.]com [60]
Climate Depot climatedepot[.]com [60]
Climate Exit (CLEXIT) clexit[.]net [60]
Climate Resistance climate-resistance[.]org [60]
CO2 Coalition co2coalition[.]org [60]
The Daily Sceptic dailysceptic[.]org Publishes anti-vaccine and climate change denial misinformation. [61][59]
De Groene Rekenkamer groene-rekenkamer[.]nl [60]
Destaatvanhet Klimaat destaatvanhet-klimaat[.]nl [60]
Ecologia, Clima, Aquecimento ecologia-clima-aquecimento[.]blogspot[.]com [60]
Climate Curious shortfall[.]blog [60]
Climate Etc judithcurry[.]com [60]
Environmental Progress environmentalprogress[.]org [60]
European Climate Realist Network ecr[.]network [60]
Everything Climate everythingclimate[.]com [60]
Klimaat Gek klimaatgek[.]nl [60]
Klima Realisme klimarealisme[.]dk [60]
Klima Realistene klimarealistene[.]com [60]
Klimat Sans klimatsans[.]com [60]
Klimat Upplysningen klimatupplysningen[.]se [60]
Koklimaat koklimaat[.]nl [60]
La Question Climatique laquestionclimatique[.]org [60]
Science, Climat et Énergie science-climat-energie[.]be [60]
Sky Fall skyfall[.]fr [60]
Weather Action weatheraction[.]com [60]
A Grande Farsa do Aquecimento Global agfdag[.]wordpress[.]com [60]

Disinformation campaigns

Corporate disinformation campaigns

Examples of disinformation campaigns from companies include Eliminalia, a reputation management firm that created a network of over 600 websites for its clients,[62][63] and Regency Enterprises, which created sites to promote the movie A Cure for Wellness.[64][65]

Political disinformation campaigns

Examples of countries with political actors that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Brazil,[66] India,[67] Iran,[3] Italy,[68] the People's Republic of China,[69] the Philippines,[70] Russia,[71] Ukraine (Luhansk),[72] and the United States.[73]

Fraudulent fact-checking websites

According to the Poynter Institute, there are four categories of false fact-checking websites:

  1. Sites that are satirical in nature
  2. Sites that attempt to subvert serious fact-checking sites
  3. Sites that re-appropriate the term "fact-check" for partisan political causes
  4. Sites with more violent intentions, such as genocide denial.[74]
Name Domain Status Notes Sources
AosFatos[.]com AosFatos[.]com Spoof of Brazilian fact-checking organization Aos Fatos. [75]
Business2Community business2community[.]com Plagiarized fact-checks from Lead Stories. [76]
The California Republican carepublican[.]com Run by Devin Nunes' political campaign. [74]
Descobrindo As Verdades descobrindoasverdades[.]blogspot[.]com Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [75]
Duboka Voda dubokavoda[.]com Partisan false fact-checking site in Croatia, per the Poynter Institute. [74]
Faktiskt[.]eu Faktiskt[.]eu Spoof of Swedish fact-checking organization Faktiskt. [77]
India News Network indianewsnetwork[.]com Same owner as India Vs Disinformation. [78]
India Vs Disinformation indiavsdisinformation[.]com Owned by "a Canadian communications firm called Press Monitor"[79] [79][78]
Jigyasa Online jigyasaonline[.]org Same owner as India Vs Disinformation. [78]
Middle East Guardians meguardians[.]com Published false fact-check about Jamal Khashoggi. [80]
Notícias Brasil Online noticiasbrasilonline[.]com[.]br Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [75]
O Detetive odetetive[.]com Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. The website owner was summoned by a regional court in Brazil for publishing a false story about the
2018 attack on Jair Bolsonaro
.
[75][81]
OpIndia opindia[.]com OpIndia is an Indian website that has been rejected by the
International Fact-Checking Network
(IFCN). Fact checkers certified by the IFCN have identified 25 fake news stories published by OpIndia between January 2018 and June 2020.
[82][83]
Pensa Brasil pensabrasil[.]com Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [75]
Plantão Brasil plantaobrasil[.]net Has the same Google AdSense and Google Analytics codes as AosFatos[.]com. [75]
Shayeaat shayeaat[.]ir Partisan false fact-checking site in Iran, per the Poynter Institute. [74]
Vøx voxnews[.]info Partisan false fact-checking site in Italy, per the Poynter Institute. Not to be confused with Vox, the American news site. [74]
War on Fakes waronfakes[.]com A Russian website that promotes
Russian propaganda and disinformation about the Russian invasion of Ukraine
.
[84][85]

Generative AI

As of December 2023, NewsGuard has tracked at least 583 news/information websites automatically generated by machine learning models that span 15 languages.[86]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
airc[.]it airc[.]it [87]
AlaskaCommons[.]com AlaskaCommons[.]com [88]
BestBudgetUSA[.]com BestBudgetUSA[.]com [89]
BNN Breaking bnnbreaking[.]com [90]
bnn[.]network
Boluno[.]com Boluno[.]com [87]
bosase[.]com bosase[.]com [87]
celebritiesdeaths[.]com celebritiesdeaths[.]com [91][89]
CountyLocalNews[.]com CountyLocalNews[.]com [89]
DailyHeadliner[.]com DailyHeadliner[.]com [92]
Daily Time Update [93]
Famadillo[.]com Famadillo[.]com [91][89]
FilthyLucre[.]com FilthyLucre[.]com [89]
FoodingWorld[.]com FoodingWorld[.]com [88]
Getintoknowledge[.]com Getintoknowledge[.]com [91][89]
globalvillagespace[.]com globalvillagespace[.]com [92]
HistoryFact[.]in HistoryFact[.]in [89]
iBusiness Day [93]
Ireland Top News irelandtopnews[.]com [93]
LiverPoolDigest[.]co[.]uk LiverPoolDigest[.]co[.]uk [92]
Lunumi[.]com Lunumi[.]com [87]
Medical Outline medicaloutline[.]com [93]
NewsGPT newsgpt[.]ai [94]
News You Can't Use newsyoucantuse[.]com [95]
NoticiasDeEmprego[.]com[.]br NoticiasDeEmprego[.]com[.]br [88]
NotRealNews[.]net NotRealNews[.]net [96]
Roadan[.]com Roadan[.]com [92]
Scoop Earth ScoopEarth[.]com [91][89]
setolu[.]com setolu[.]com [87]
Time[.]news Time[.]news [88]
TnewsNetwork[.]com TnewsNetwork[.]com [89]
TopGolf[.]kr TopGolf[.]kr [92]
topnews67[.]com topnews67[.]com Accused of plagiarizing story from The Last Line of Defense, possibly via ChatGPT. [97]
TopStories[.]com[.]ng TopStories[.]com[.]ng [92]
vatolu[.]com vatolu[.]com [87]
Walli[.]us Walli[.]us [92]
WaveFunction[.]info WaveFunction[.]info [89]
WhatsNew2Day[.]com WhatsNew2Day[.]com [92]
World-Today-News[.]com World-Today-News[.]com [88]

Hate groups

The following table lists websites that have been both considered by fact-checkers as distributing false news and are run by organizations that have been designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups.

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
banned[.]video banned[.]video Sister site of InfoWars.

Warned by the US Food and Drug Administration for spreading misinformation on COVID-19 for "claims on videos posted on your websites that establish the intended use of your products and misleadingly represent them as safe and/or effective for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19."

[98][99][100]
Bare Naked Islam barenakedislam[.]com [101][102]
Brighteon Brighteon[.]com Sister site of Natural News. [103]
The Daily Stormer DailyStormer[.]com Per PolitiFact. [19][104]
Geller Report Gellerreport[.]com Registered through Pamela Geller's organization, the American Freedom Defense Initiative. [40][102]
HoggWatch hoggwatch[.]com Setup by Natural News founders to publish attacks against Parkland high school shooting survivors. [105][106]
InfoWars infowars[.]com Managed by
was hosting a child sex slave ring out of a pizza restaurant
.
[107][108]

[109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117]

Natural News naturalnews[.]com Formerly NewsTarget, a website for the sale of various
now-discredited link to autism
.
[118][119][120][121][116][117]
NewsTarget newstarget[.]com Sister site of Natural News. [103]
Next News Network nextnewsnetwork[.]com Combined content from mainstream sites such as the Associated Press with content from sites such as RT and Sputnik. [122][123][124][125]
PrisonPlanet prisonplanet[.]com Sister site of InfoWars. [126]
Red Ice RedIce[.]tv [127][128]
TruNews trunews[.]com [129][130][117]
WorldNetDaily wnd[.]com A far-right website known for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories, including the false claim that Barack Obama was not born in the United States. [129][131][132][116][133][117]

Satire

Numerous websites have been created by companies that contain satirical or news parody content that is intended to be or has been designated by fact-checkers as fake news.

Troll farms

Examples of countries with troll farms that have been confirmed or suspected to be involved with fake news website networks include Cambodia,[134] Ghana,[135] North Macedonia,[136] the Republic of Georgia,[137] and Russia.[138]

User-generated fake news

The following table lists websites that have allowed users to generate their own hoaxes that appear in the form of news articles. While the stated purpose is for users to prank their friends, many of the resulting false stories have spread on social media and have led to harassment.[139]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
12minutos[.]com 12minutos[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
24aktuelles[.]com 24aktuelles[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
actualite[.]co actualite[.]co Same owner as React 365. [47]
theasociatedpress[.]com theasociatedpress[.]com Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [140][141]
thebreakingnews[.]co thebreakingnews[.]co Same owner as React 365. [47]
BreakingNews247[.]net BreakingNews247[.]net Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365. [19][47]
BreakingNews365[.]net BreakingNews365[.]net Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as React 365. [19][47]
cbs-news[.]us cbs-news[.]us Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [142]
cbsnews[.]us cbsnews[.]us Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [142]
channel22news[.]com channel22news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
Channel 23 News Channel23News[.]com Prank website for generating false stories. [42]
Channel24news[.]com Channel24news[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact. Same owner as Channel 23 News. [19][47][139]
channel28news[.]com channel28news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel33news[.]com channel33news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel34news[.]com channel34news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel40news[.]com channel40news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel45news[.]com channel45news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel46news[.]com channel46news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel55news[.]com channel55news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel56news[.]com channel56news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel59news[.]com channel59news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel60news[.]com channel60news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel62news[.]com channel62news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel63news[.]com channel63news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel65news[.]com channel65news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel66news[.]com channel66news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel68news[.]com channel68news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
channel77news[.]com channel77news[.]com Same owner as Channel 23 News. [47][139]
cnoticias[.]net cnoticias[.]net Same owner as React 365. [47]
en-bref[.]fr en-bref[.]fr Same owner as React 365. [47]
The Fake News Generator thefakenewsgenerator[.]com [142]
fakeShare fakeshare[.]com [143][144]
FeedNewz feednewz[.]com Renamed to prank[.]link. [145]
nachrichten[.]de[.]com nachrichten[.]de[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
nachrichten365[.]com nachrichten365[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
net-infosnews[.]com net-infosnews[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
thenewyorktimes[.]company thenewyorktimes[.]company Same owner as The Fake News Generator. [140][141]
noticias-frescas[.]com noticias-frescas[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
notizzia[.]com notizzia[.]com Same owner as React 365. [47]
prank[.]link prank[.]link [145][143]
PunkShare PunkShare[.]com [146]
React 365 React365[.]com This user-created fake news generator, supposedly for "pranking your friends", had at least two stories that went viral. [21][47]
routers[.]news routers[.]news Same owner as PunkShare. Spoof of Reuters. [147]
toutelinfo[.]fr toutelinfo[.]fr Same owner as React 365. [47]

Other networks

Many fake news websites can be assessed as likely being part of the same network campaign if some combination of the following are true:

Action News 3

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
Action News 3 actionnews3[.]com Spread death hoaxes about various public figures. [21]
Daily Buzz Live DailyBuzzLive[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout, a false claim that had been spreading since 2012.

Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3.

[19][152][153][154]
News4KTLA[.]com News4KTLA[.]com Impostor site, per PolitiFact.

Has the same IP address as Action News 3.

Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.

Cited story from World News Daily Report.

[19][155][156][157][158]
Now 8 News Now8News[.]com Started in 2015, this fake news website is also designed to look like a local television outlet. Several of the website's fake stories have successfully spread on social media. Has the same IP address as Action News 3. [21][159][160][155]
TheRacketReport[.]com TheRacketReport[.]com Per PolitiFact.

Has the same IP address as Action News 3.

Repurposed an Associated Press article with a false headline.

[19][155][156]
Straight Stoned straightstoned[.]com Hosted on the same webserver as Action News 3. [47][161][154]

Batty Post

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
abc14news[.]com abc14news[.]com Spoof of ABC News. [162][163]
abcnews-us[.]com abcnews-us[.]com Spoof of ABC News. [21][47]
abcnews5[.]com abcnews5[.]com Spoof of ABC News. [164]
AlabamaObserver[.]com AlabamaObserver[.]com [19][148]
albertatimes[.]com albertatimes[.]com [148]
Batty Post battypost[.]com Published a false claim about being acquired by East Asia Tribune, a page that has the same Google AdSense ID. [148][47][165][166]
Border Herald borderherald[.]com [148]
Boston Leader bostonleader[.]com Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [19][21][167][148]
boston-post[.]com boston-post[.]com Not to be confused with the Boston Post.

Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com.

[162][164]
cairnstimes[.]com cairnstimes[.]com [148]
cbs15[.]com cbs15[.]com Spoof of CBS News. Possibly part of same network as abc14news[.]com. [168][169]
cbsnews10[.]com cbsnews10[.]com Spoof of CBS News. Part of same network as abc14news[.]com. [162][163]
cbsnews15[.]com cbsnews15[.]com Spoof of CBS News. [164]
cbsnews24[.]com cbsnews24[.]com Spoof of CBS News. [164]
cgcnews[.]com cgcnews[.]com Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [169][168]
cnn-globalnews[.]com cnn-globalnews[.]com Impostor site of CNN. Published death hoax on Clint Eastwood. [170][148][47]
cnn-internationaledition[.]com cnn-internationaledition[.]com Impostor site of CNN. [148][47]
coindesk-us[.]com coindesk-us[.]com Spoof of CoinDesk. [164]
countyweekly[.]com countyweekly[.]com [47]
dallastimes[.]us dallastimes[.]us [47]
DenverInquirer[.]com DenverInquirer[.]com [19][148]
dublintribune[.]com dublintribune[.]com [47]
East Asia Tribune eastasiatribune[.]com Published death hoax about Kim Jong-un. [171]
Florida Sun Post floridasunpost[.]com Possibly part of same network as Associated Media Coverage, another fake news site. [167][19][148]
focustimes[.]org focustimes[.]org [148]
foreignjournal[.]com foreignjournal[.]com [148]
fox-26houston[.]com fox-26houston[.]com [164]
fox-32chicago[.]com fox-32chicago[.]com [164]
foxnews-us[.]com foxnews-us[.]com Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com. [162][164]
foxnews15[.]com foxnews15[.]com [164]
freeinquirer[.]com freeinquirer[.]com [47]
The Jackson Telegraph jacksontelegraph[.]com [170][148][47]
longarticles[.]com longarticles[.]com [148]
MississippiHerald[.]com MississippiHerald[.]com [19][148][47]
nbc9news[.]com nbc9news[.]com Spoof of NBC. Part of same network as abc14news[.]com. [162][163][168][169]
nbcnews11[.]com nbcnews11[.]com [164]
nbcnews15[.]com nbcnews15[.]com [164]
nbcnews6[.]com nbcnews6[.]com [164]
newjournal[.]us newjournal[.]us [47]
thenyherald[.]com thenyherald[.]com Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [169]
pressunion[.]org pressunion[.]org [148]
si-nba[.]com si-nba[.]com [164]
sundayregister[.]com sundayregister[.]com [148]
The Sunday Inquirer sundayinquirer[.]com [170][148]
The Sunday Post sundaypost[.]org [148]
surreytelegraph[.]com surreytelegraph[.]com [47]
sydneybulletin[.]com sydneybulletin[.]com [47]
Telegraph Sun telegraphsun[.]com [148]
timesofcambodia[.]com timesofcambodia[.]com [47]
tmz-us[.]com tmz-us[.]com Spoof of TMZ. Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [169]
tvtnews[.]com tvtnews[.]com Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [169][168]
unitednews[.]org unitednews[.]org [148]
us-nbcnews[.]com us-nbcnews[.]com Spoof of NBC News. Part of the same network as nbc9news[.]com. [169]
usatoday-go[.]com usatoday-go[.]com Has the same IP address as cbsnews10[.]com. [162][172]
Vancouver Inquirer vancouverinquirer[.]com [148][47]
vice-en-us[.]com vice-en-us[.]com Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com. [162][164]
weekendherald[.]com weekendherald[.]com [148]
yahoonews-us[.]com yahoonews-us[.]com Part of the same network as abcnews-us[.]com. [162][164]

Celebtricity

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
20minutenews[.]com 20minutenews[.]com [47][149]
alertchild[.]com alertchild[.]com [47][149]
areyousleep[.]com areyousleep[.]com [47][149]
badcriminals[.]com badcriminals[.]com [47][149]
cartelreport[.]com cartelreport[.]com [47][149]
Celebtricity celebtricity[.]com Has falsely claimed that
Jay-Z's son. Contains a "notorious fauxtire and satire entertainment" disclaimer which used to read "the most notorious urban satirical entertainment website in the world".[173]
[174][173][175]
channel5000[.]com channel5000[.]com [47][149]
drugsofficial[.]com drugsofficial[.]com [47][149]
everydaybreakingnews[.]com everydaybreakingnews[.]com [47][149]
FedsAlert[.]com FedsAlert[.]com [19][47][149]
folksvideo[.]com folksvideo[.]com [47][149]
thefrt[.]com thefrt[.]com [47][149]
jokerviral[.]com jokerviral[.]com [47][149]
mrnewswatch[.]com mrnewswatch[.]com [47][149]
Persecutes[.]com Persecutes[.]com [19][47][149]
qualitysharing[.]com qualitysharing[.]com [47][149]
scaryhours[.]com scaryhours[.]com [47][149]
smhwtfnews[.]com smhwtfnews[.]com [47][149]
tmzbreaking[.]com tmzbreaking[.]com [47][149]
tmzbusiness[.]com tmzbusiness[.]com [149]
tmzcomedy[.]com tmzcomedy[.]com [47][149]
tmzhiphop[.]com tmzhiphop[.]com [47][149]
tmzurban[.]com tmzurban[.]com [149]
tmzuncut[.]com tmzuncut[.]com [47][149]
TMZWorldNews[.]com TMZWorldNews[.]com [19][47][149]
tmzworldstar[.]com tmzworldstar[.]com [47][149]
tmzworldstarnews[.]com tmzworldstarnews[.]com [47][149]
ViralActions[.]com ViralActions[.]com Cited story from World News Daily Report. [19][47][149][158]
viralcocaine[.]com viralcocaine[.]com [149]
viraldevil[.]com viraldevil[.]com [47][149]
viralmugshot[.]com viralmugshot[.]com [47][149]
viralpropaganda[.]com viralpropaganda[.]com [47][149]
viralspeech[.]com viralspeech[.]com [47][149]
viralstupid[.]com viralstupid[.]com [47][149]

PoliticsFocus

Used a technique called "domain hopping" - repeatedly switching domain names to stay ahead of advertising blacklists on social media.[176][177]

Name Domain Status Notes Sources
PoliticsFocus anypolitical[.]com [176]
PoliticsFocus cloudpolitical[.]com [176][178]
PoliticsFocus goldpolitics[.]com [178]
PoliticsFocus flexpolitics[.]com [178]
PoliticsFocus jetpolitics[.]com [176][178]
PoliticsFocus maxrepublican[.]com [176][178]
PoliticsFocus politicsbee[.]com [176]
PoliticsFocus politicsedge[.]com [178]
PoliticsFocus politicsfast[.]com [178]
PoliticsFocus Politicsfocus[.]com Per FactCheck.org. [40][176][178][179]
PoliticsFocus politicsmate[.]com [176][178]
PoliticsFocus politicstec[.]com [176][178]
PoliticsFocus politicsvision[.]com [176][178]
PoliticsFocus sunrepublican[.]com [176]
PoliticsFocus totalpolitical[.]com [178]

Miscellaneous

The following article lists miscellaneous sites that are one-offs or otherwise lack information that would place them into one of the other categories above.

See also

References

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