List of firearms before the 20th century
This is an extensive list of
firearms
ever invented. The list is not comprehensive; create an entry for listings having none; multiple names are acceptable as cross-references, so that redirecting hyperlinks can be established for them.
A
- Abus gun (Ottomans - Howitzer)
- Agar machine gun (US- Machine Gun - 1861)
- Allen & Thurber Single-Shot (US - Pistol - 1848)
- Allen & Wheelock Drop Breech (US - Rifle - 1860)
- Apache revolver (Belgium - Revolver - c.1869)
- Arisaka Type 30 rifle (Empire of Japan - Rifle - 1897/1899)
- Arquebus (Dutch - 15th Century)
- Augustin Infantry Musket Model 1842 (Austrian Empire - Rifle - 1842)
B
- Baker rifle (UK - Muzzleloading rifle - 1800)
- Ballard Rifle (USA - Rifle - 1862)
- UK- Revolver - 1862)
- Nusantara- Hand Cannon - 14th century)
- Berdan rifle (USA/UK/Russian Empire[a] - Rifle - 1868)
- Bergmann 1896 (German Empire - Semi-Automatic Pistol - 1896)
- Berthier rifles (France - Rifle - c. 1890)
- Bodeo Model 1889 (Kingdom of Italy - Revolver - 1889)
- Borchardt C-93 (German Empire - Semi-Automatic Pistol - 1893)
- UK- Revolver - 1872)
- UK- Musket - 1722)
- Brunswick rifle (UK - Rifle - 1836)
- Burnside carbine (USA - Rifle - 1858)
C
- Caliver(UK - Arquebus - 17th century)
- Carcano Rifle (Kingdom of Italy - Rifle - 1891)
- Chamelot Delvigne French 1873 (French - Revolver- 1873)
- Charleville (French - Musket - 1770s)
- Che Dian Chong (China - Arquebus - 16th century)
- Coach gun (US - Shotgun - 1850s)
- Colt's Manufacturing Company
- Colt 1851 Navy (US - Revolver - 1851)
- Colt Army Model 1860 (US - Revolver - 1860)
- Colt Dragoon Revolver (US - Revolver - 1848)
- Colt House Revolver (US - Revolver - 1871)
- Colt Lightning Carbine(US - Carbine - 1884)
- Colt M1861 Navy (US - Revolver - 1861)
- Colt M1877 (US - Revolver - 1877)
- Colt M1878 "Frontier" (US - Revolver - 1878)
- Colt M1892 "New Army and Navy" (US - Revolver - 1892)
- Colt Model 1839 Carbine (USA - Rifle - 1838)
- Colt Model 1855 Sidehammer Pocket Revolver " Root Revolver" (USA - Revolver - c.1855)
- Colt Model 1871–72 Open Top (USA - Revolver - 1871)
- Colt New Line (USA - Revolver - 1873)
- Colt Open Top Pocket Model Revolver (USA - Revolver - 1871)
- Colt Paterson (US - Revolver - 1836)
- Colt Pocket Percussion Revolvers (USA - Revolver)
- Baby Dragoon: 1847
- Pocket Model of 1849: 1850
- Pocket Navy and Pocket Police: 1861
- Colt revolving rifle(US - Repeating Rifle - 1855)
- Colt Ring Lever rifle (first and second model) (US - caplock revolving rifle - 1837 (1st model) and 1838 (2nd model))
- Colt Single Action Army "Peacemaker" (US - Revolver - 1873)
- Confederate Revolving Cannon
D
- Derringer (USA - small handgun)
- Philadelphia Deringer: 1852
- Colt Deringer: 1861
- Sharps Deringer: 1859
- Remington Deringer (Model 95): 1866
- Dreyse Model 1841"Needle Gun" (Kingdom of Prussia - Rifle - 1841)
E
- Enfield Revolver(UK - Revolver - 1880)
- Evans Repeating Rifle(US - Rifle - 1879-80)
F
- Ferguson rifle (British breech-loading rifle - patented December of 1776)
- Fayetteville rifle (CSA - Rifle - 1862)
- Frank Wesson Rifles (USA - Rifle - 1858/1861)
- Fusil modèle 1866"Chassepot" (France - Rifle - 1866)
- Fusil Gras mle 1874 (France - Rifle - 1874)
G
- Gallager carbine (USA - Rifle - 1861)
- Machine Gun- 1862)
- Gewehr 1888 / Model 1888 commission rifle (German Empire - Rifle - 1888)
- Gorgas machine gun
H
- Harpers Ferry Armory
- Harpers Ferry Model 1803 (USA - Rifle - 1803)
- Harpers Ferry Model 1805(USA - Flintlock Pistol - 1805)
- Harpers Ferry Model 1816 (USA - Rifle - 1816)
- Harpers Ferry Model 1819 "Hall Rifle" (USA - Rifle - c.1820)
- Harpers Ferry Model 1841 "Mississippi Rifle" (USA - Rifle - 1841)
- Harpers Ferry Model 1855 (USA - Rifle - 1857)
- Henry Repeating Rifle (US - Rifle - 1850s-1866)
- Huochong (China - Hand Cannon - 13th century)
- Hinawaju(Japan - Arquebus and Pistol - 16th century?)
I
- Istinggar (Nusantara - Arquebus - 16th century)
J
- Jarmann M1884 (Norway - Rifle - 1878/1884)
- Java arquebus (Nusantara - Arquebus - 16th century)
- Joslyn rifle (USA - Rifle - 1855)
K
- Kerr's Patent Revolver (United Kingdom - Revolver - 1859)
- Kropatschek(Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1881)
- Krag–Petersson (Norway - Rifle - 1872)
- Krag–Jørgensen (Norway - Rifle - 1886)
L
- Lancaster pistol (UK - Multi-barrel pistol - c. 1860)
- Lebel 1886 (France- Rifle - 1886)
- Lee-Metford - MLM (UK- Rifle - 1884)
- Lee-Enfield - MLE (UK- Rifle - 1895)
- Lefaucheux M1854 (France - Revolver - 1854)
- Lefaucheux M1858 (France - Revolver - 1858)
- Lefaucheux-Francotte M. 71 (Belgium - Revolver - 1871)
- LeMat Revolver (France/CSA - Revolver - 1856)
- Lorenz rifle (Austrian Empire - Rifle - 1855)
M
- M1867 Werndl–Holub rifle (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1867)
- M1870 Gasser(Austria-Hungary - Revolver - 1870)
- M1871 Beaumont (Netherlands - Rifle - 1869/1871)
- M1879 Reichsrevolver (German Empire - Revolver - 1879)
- M1882 Revolver (Switzerland - Revolver - 1882)
- M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun "Potato Digger" (USA - Heavy Machine Gun - c.1895)
- M1895 Lee Navy (USA - Rifle, bolt-action - 1895)
- Mannlicher
- Mannlicher M1886 (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1886)
- Mannlicher M1888 (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1888)
- Mannlicher M1894 (German Empire - Pistol - 1894)
- Mannlicher M1895 (Austria-Hungary - Rifle - 1895)
- Marlin Model 1894 (USA - Rifle - 1894)
- Mars Automatic Pistol (United Kingdom - Pistol - 1897)
- Martini–Henry Mark I, II, III, and IV (United Kingdom - Rifle - 1871)
- Massachusetts Arms Maynard Carbine (USA - Rifle - 1851)
- Mauser
- Gewehr 71(German Empire - Rifle - 1871)
- Gewehr 98 (German Empire - Rifle - 1898)
- Mauser C78 "zig-zag" (German Empire - Revolver - 1878)
- Mauser C96 (German Empire - Pistol - 1896)
- Maxim Gun(United Kingdom - Machine Gun - 1883)
- Merrill carbine (USA - Rifle - 1858/1863)
- Merwin & Hulbert revolvers (USA - Revolver - 1876)
- Mitrailleuse (French volley/machine gun - 1851)
- Model 1814 common rifle (USA - Rifle - c. 1814)
- Model 1817 common rifle "Deringer" (USA - Rifle - 1817)
- Model 1872 Revolver / Ordonnanzrevolver 1872 (Switzerland - Revolver - c. 1872)
- Modèle 1873 revolver"Chamelot-Delvigne" (France - Revolver - 1873)
- Modèle 1892 revolver "Lebel" (France - Revolver - 1892)
- Mosin–Nagant (Russian Empire - Rifle - 1891)
- Murata rifle (Empire of Japan - Rifle - 1880)
N
- Nagant M1895 (Belgium/Russian Empire - Revolver - 1895)
- Nordenfelt gun (Sweden - Machine Gun)
P
- Palmer Model 1865(USA - Rifle - 1865)
- Pattern 1853 Enfield (UK - Rifle - 1853)
- Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon (UK - Rifle - 1861)
- Pattern 1800 Infantry Rifle (UK - Muzzleloading rifle - 1800)
- Petronel (Arquebus - 16th century)
- Potzdam Muskets (Kingdom of Prussia - Rifle - 1723)
R
- Rast & Gasser M1898 (Austria-Hungary - Revolver - 1898)
- Remington
- Remington–Keene rifle (USA - Rifle - c.1878)
- Remington-Lee Rifles (USA - Rifle - 1879)
- Remington M1867 (USA/Norway/Sweden - Rifle - 1867)
- Remington Model 1858 (USA - Revolver - 1862)
- Remington Model 1875 (USA - Revolver - 1875)
- Remington Model 1890 (USA - Revolver - 1890)
- Remington Naval Model 1865 Pistol (USA - Pistol - 1866)
- Remington Rider Single Shot Pistol (USA - Pistol - 1860)
- Remington Rolling Block rifle (USA - Rifle - 1860s)
- Remington Zig-Zag Derringer (USA - Pistol - 1861)
- Richmond rifle (CSA - Rifle - 1861)
- Ribauldequin (UK - 1339)
S
- Savage 1861 Navy (USA - Rifle - 1861)
- Salvator-Dormus M1893 (Austria-Hungary - Heavy Machine Gun - 8×50mmR)
- Salvator Dormus pistol (Austria-Hungary - Pistol 1891/1895)
- San Yan Chong (China - Hand Cannon - 16th century)
- Slocum revolver (US - revolver - 1863/1865)
- Schmidt M1882(Switzerland - Revolver)
- Schmidt–Rubin rifles(Switzerland - Rifle - 1889/1891)
- Schwarzlose Model 1898 (German Empire - Semi-Automatic Pistol - 1898)
- Sharps Rifle(US - Rifle - 1848)
- Sharps & Hankins Model 1862 Carbine (US - Rifle - 1862)
- Schwarzlose Model 1898 (Austria-Hungary - Pistol - 1898)
- Schönberger-Laumann(Austria-Hungary - Pistol - 1892)
- Smith & Wesson
- Smith & Wesson Model 1 (US - Revolver - 1857)
- Smith & Wesson Model 1 1/2 (US - Revolver - 1865)
- Smith & Wesson Model 2 (US - Revolver - 1876)
- Smith & Wesson No. 3 Revolver(US - Revolver - 1870)
- Schofield Model 3(US - Revolver - 1875)
- Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army (US - Revolver - 1861)
- Smith & Wesson .38 Hand Ejector Model of 1899 (US - Revolver - 1899)
- Smith & Wesson Model 320 Revolving Rifle(US - Rifle, revolving - 1879)
- Smith & Wesson Safety Hammerless (US - Revolver - 1887)
- Smith carbine (USA - Rifle - 1857)
- Spencer Rifle(US - Rifle - 1860)
- Springfield Armory
- Springfield Model 1795 Musket (US - Rifle - 1795)
- Springfield Model 1816 (US - Rifle - 1816)
- Springfield Model 1842 (US - Rifle - 1844)
- Springfield Model 1855 (US - Rifle - 1855)
- Springfield Model 1861 (US - Rifle - 1861)
- Springfield Model 1863 (US - Rifle - 1863)
- Springfield Model 1865 (US - Rifle - 1865)
- Springfield Model 1866 (US - Rifle - 1866)
- Springfield Model 1868 (US - Rifle - 1868)
- Springfield Model 1871(US - Rifle - 1871)
- Springfield Model 1873(US - Rifle - 1873)
- Starr revolver (US - Revolver - c. 1858)
T
- Tarpley carbine (CSA - Rifle - 1863)
- Tranter revolver(USA - Revolver - c. 1854)
- Tu Huo Qiang (Chinese - Fire Lance - 1259)
- Type 26 revolver (Empire of Japan - Revolver - 1893)
V
- Velo-dog (France - Revolver - 1894)
- Vetterli rifle - (Switzerland - Rifle - 1867/1869)
- Volcanic Repeating Arms (US - Rifle & Pistol - 1855-56)
W
- Walch Revolver (US - Revolver - c. 1858)
- Walker Colt[b](US - Revolver -1847)
- Webley Revolver[c] (UK - Revolver - 1887)
- Werder pistol model 1869 (Bavaria - Pistol - 1869)
- Whitworth rifle (UK - Rifle - 1857)
- Winchester Repeating Arms Company
- Winchester Hotchkiss (USA - Rifle - 1878)
- Winchester Model 1885 (US - Rifle - 1885)
- Winchester Model 1887 (US - Shotgun - 1887)
- Winchester Model 1890 (US - Rifle - 1890)
- Winchester Model 1897 (US - Shotgun - 1897)
- Winchester rifle series(US - Rifle - first model 1866)
- Model 1866
- Model 1873
- Model 1876
- Model 1886
- Model 1892
- Model 1894
- Model 1895
X
- Xun Lei Chong (China - Musket/Hand Cannon - 16th century)
Notes
- ^ Was designed by American Hiram Berdan. The first version, manufactured by Colt in the US, is known as model 1868, or Berdan I. The second version/Berdan II was initially produced at Birmingham Small Arms in England. The rifles were later manufactured in large numbers by Russian factories at Tula, Izhevsk, and Sestroretsk.
- ^ This revolver was primarily manufactured by Eli Whitney, Jr. at Whitneyville, Connecticut and not Samuel Colt's Patent Arms Company in Paterson, New Jersey.
- Webley Mk IV .38/200 Service Revolverdesigned/adopted in 1932.
See also
- List of firearms
- List of World War II firearms
- List of pistols
- Antique gun
