List of genetic hybrids

This is a list of genetic hybrids which is limited to well documented cases of animals of differing species able to create hybrid offspring which may or may not be infertile.

Hybrids should not be confused with

Nomenclature

The naming of hybrid animals depends on the sex and species of the parents. The father giving the first half of his species' name and the mother the second half of hers. (I.e. a pizzly bear has a polar bear father and grizzly bear mother whereas a grolar bear's parents would be reversed.)

Animals

Phylum Chordata

Chordate

• Class Chondrichthyes
  • Order Carcharhiniformes
    • Family Carcharhinidae
      • Genus Carcharhinus
        • A group of about 50 hybrids between Australian blacktip shark and the larger common blacktip shark was found by Australia's East Coast in 2012. This is the only known case of hybridization in sharks.^[1]
• Class Actinopterygii
  • Order Acipenseriformes
    • In 2020 hybrids were announced from different families of fish, American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) and Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Accidentally created by Hungarian scientists, they are dubbed "sturddlefish."^[2]
  • Order Cichliformes
    • Family Cichlidae
      • Midas cichlid (Amphilophus citrinellus) or red devil cichlid (Amphilophus labiatus). It was bred in 1986 in Taiwan
        .
  • Order Perciformes
    • Family Centrarchidae
      • Subfamily Lepominae
        • Genus Lepomis
          • Greengill sunfish, a hybrid between a bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus).
          • Pumpkinseed x bluegill sunfish, a hybrid between a pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and a bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).
• Class Amphibia
  • Order Urodela
    • Family Ambystomatidae
      • Genus Ambystoma
        • In 2007 hybrids of a California tiger salamander and a barred tiger salamander were discovered to be able to survive easier than their parent species.^[3]
• Class Reptilia
  • Order Squamata
    • Suborder Anguimorpha
      • Family Varanidae
        • Genus Varanus
          • Subgenus Varanus
            • Hybrid between
              Varanus panoptes horni and Varanus gouldii flavirufus
              .
    • Superfamily Lacertoidea
      • Family Teiidae
        • Hybrid between Aspidoscelis exsanguis and Aspidoscelis inornatus.
        • Hybrids between the yellow ball python and the woma python.
        • Hybrids between the ball python and the Borneo short-tailed python.
        • The hybrid Borneo bat eater, between a Burmese python and reticulated python,^[4] can be further hybridized with another reticulated python.
        • Hybrids between Ball python and reticulated python.
        • Genus Python
          • Around 2018, 13 hybrids of
            Indian pythons (Python molurus) among 400 invasive Burmese pythons studied in South Florida were found by the United States Geological Survey.^[5]
      • Family Boidae
        • Hybrids between Columbian boa and yellow anaconda.
        • Genus Corallus
          • Hybrid between
            Amazon tree boa
            .
      • Family Colubridae
        • A fertile cross between a
          king snake and a corn snake. One example is a cross between a California kingsnake and a corn snake called the "jungle corn snake."^[6][7]
        • Genus Lampropeltis
          • A fertile cross between a California kingsnake and Pueblan milk snake is called an "imperial Pueblan milk snake."^[8][7]
          • A fertile cross between a California kingsnake and whitesided black rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus).^[7][9]
          • L. triangulum
            • A fertile cross between an imperial Pueblan milk snake and Honduran milk snake.^[7]
    • Infraorder
      Gekkota
      • Family Diplodactylidae
        • Hybrid of chahoua gecko and crested gecko.
  • Order Crocodilia
    • Family
      Crocodylidae
      • Genus Crocodylus
        • Hybridization between the endemic Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) and the widely distributed American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) is causing conservation problems for the former species as a threat to its genetic integrity.^[10]
        • Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) have mated with Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in captivity producing offspring which in many cases have grown over 20 feet (6.1 metres) in length. It is likely that wild hybridization occurred historically in parts of southeast Asia.
  • Order Testudines
    • Suborder Cryptodira
      • Superfamily
        Chelonioidea
        • Family Cheloniidae
          • A hybrid between a hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta).
      • Superfamily Testudinoidea
        • Family Testudinidae
          • A hybrid between a sulcata tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata) and leopard tortoise (Stigmochelys pardalis).
        • Family Emydidae
          • Subfamily Deirochelyinae
            • Hybrid between red-eared slider and Ouachita map turtle.
            • Genus Trachemys
              • Species
                T. scripta
                • The hybrid between a red-eared slider and a yellow-bellied slider.
• Class Mammalia
  • Clade Euungulata
    • Order
      Perissodactyla
      • Suborder
        Hippomorpha
        • Family Equidae – Equid hybrids
          • Horses can breed with Przewalski's horse to produce fertile hybrids.
          • Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey.
          • Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mules and hinnies are examples of reciprocal hybrids.
          • Kunga, a cross between a donkey and a Syrian wild ass.
          • Zebroids
            • Zeedonk or zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross.
            • Zorse, a zebra/horse cross
            • Zony or zetland, a zebra/pony cross ("zony" is a generic term; "zetland" is specifically a hybrid of the Shetland pony breed with a zebra)
      • Superfamily Rhinocerotoidea
        • Family Rhinocerotidae
          • Hybrids between black and white rhinoceroses have been recognized.
  • Order
    Artiodactyla
    • Family Bovidae – Bovid hybrids
      • Subfamily Bovinae
        • Dzo, zo or yakow; a cross between a domestic cow/bull and a yak.
        • Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed; this, along with mitochondrial DNA evidence,^[11] has led bison to occasionally be classified in the genus Bos.
        • wisent (European bison) and domestic cow
          .
        • Yakalo, a hybrid between a bison and a yak.
        • Fertile hybrids between bongos (Tragelaphus eurycerus) and sitatungas (Tragelaphus spekii) have occurred in captivity.^[12]
        • Hybrids between the African buffalo subspecies, the Lake Chad buffalo and African forest buffalo can occur on forest/savannah margins.
        • Wild water buffalo and domestic water buffalo can hybridize freely.
      • Subfamily Caprinae
        • toast of Botswana
          .
    • Family
      Camelidae
      • Cama, a cross between a male dromedary and a female llama, also an intergeneric hybrid.
      • Dromedary and Bactrian camels can crossbreed and produce a one large-humped Hybrid camel.
      • Huarizo, a cross between a male llama and a female alpaca.
    • Infraorder Cetacea
      • Family
        Balaenopteridae
        • Hybrids between blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) have been recorded.
        • At least one hybrids between a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) and a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) was attributed to marine biologist Michael Poole.^[13]
      • Family Delphinidae
        • Wholphin, a fertile but very rare cross between a false killer whale and a bottlenose dolphin.
        • In 2014, DNA analysis showed the clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene) to be a naturally occurring hybrid species descended from the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris) and the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba).^[14]
      • Family Monodontidae
        • In 2019, a "
          Delphinapterus leucas) and a female narwhal (Monodon monoceros) was confirmed by DNA analysis.^[15]
  • Order Carnivora
    • Infraorder Arctoidea
      • Family
        Ursidae
        • grizzly-polar bear hybrid, occur between all species except for the giant panda
          .
    • Suborder Feliformia
      • Family
        Felid hybrids); various other wild cat crosses are known involving the lynx, bobcat, leopard, serval
        , etc.
        • Pumapard, a hybrid between a cougar and a leopard.
          • Subfamily Felinae
            • domestic cat
            • Bengal cat, a cross between the Asian leopard cat and the domestic cat, one of many hybrids between the domestic cat and wild cat species. The domestic cat, African wild cat and European wildcat may be considered variant populations of the same species (Felis silvestris), making such crosses non-hybrids.
            • Serengeti, a hybrid crossbreed of a Bengal and an Oriental Shorthair.
            • Chausie, a hybrid between a jungle cat and domestic cat.
        • Subfamily Pantherinae
          • Genus Panthera
            • lijagulep
              .
            • Species P. tigris
              • A hybrid between a Bengal tiger and a Siberian tiger is an example of an intra-specific hybrid.
    • Family Canidae
      • Fertile canid hybrids occur between coyotes, wolves, dingoes, jackals and domestic dogs.
      • Hybrids of unknown fertility can occur between South American foxes of the Lycalopex genus and domestic dogs.
    • Family Mustelidae
      • Polecat–ferret hybrids and polecat–mink hybrids.
    • Order Primates
      • Suborder Haplorhini
      • Strepsirrhini
        • Family Lemuridae
          • Black-and-white ruffed lemurs can hybridize with red ruffed lemurs.
    • Suborder Haplorhini
      • Infraorder Simiiformes
        • Family Hominidae
          • Genus Pongo
            • Hybrid orangutan, a hybrid between either three of the orangutan species, a Bornean orangutan, Tapanuli orangutan or Sumatran orangutan.

• • Order Proboscidea
    • Family Elephantidae
      • At Chester Zoo in the United Kingdom, a cross between an African elephant (male) and an Asian elephant (female). The male calf was named Motty. It died of intestinal infection after ten days.
• Class Aves
  • Order Strigiformes
    • Family Strigidae
      • Genus
        Strix
        • Hybrids between spotted owls and barred owls^[16]
  • Order Passeriformes
    • The
      chestnut-shouldered petronia (Petronia xanthocollis, family Passeridae) but there has been no mention of hatched hybrids.^[17]
    • The red-crested cardinal (Paroaria coronata, family Thraupidae) has hybridized between the northern cardinal (Cardinalia cardinalis, family Cardinalidae), shiny cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis, family Icteridae), and chestnut-capped blackbird.^[17]
    • The yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella, family Emberizidae) has hybridized with the European greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and the European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis), both of the family Fringillidae.
    • The
      orange bishop (Euplectes franciscanus, family Ploceidae
      ).
    • Family Fringillidae
      • Cagebird breeders sometimes breed hybrids between species of
        mules
        .
  • Order Psittacidae
    • Subfamily
      Arinae
      • Tribe Arini
        • Numerous
          hybrids
          are also known.
  • Order Accipitriformes
    • Family Accipitridae
      • weasel words
        ] that the black kite (the male) refused female black kites but mated with two female red kites.)
      • Red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) and common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus): one and possibly two offspring produced naturally in Sonoma County, California, US.^[18]
  • Order Falconiformes
    • Family Falconidae
      • Genus
        Falco
        • Hybrids between
          gyrfalcons and sakers
          are known
  • Order Anseriformes
    • Family Anatidae
      • The
        Pekin duck and domesticated Muscovy ducks
        .
      • Brewer's duck, hybrid of the mallard and gadwall.
      • Genus Anas
        • In Australia, New Zealand and other areas where the Pacific black duck occurs, it is hybridised by the much more aggressive introduced mallard. This is a concern to wildlife authorities throughout the affected area, as it is seen as genetic pollution of the black duck gene pool.
      • Hybrids between Greylag goose (Anser anser) and Canada goose (Branta canadensis).
  • Order Galliformes
    • chickens, guineafowl and peafowl
      , interfamilial hybrids.
    • Family Phasianidae
      • Genus Tetrao
        • Western capercaillies are known to hybridise occasionally with black grouse (these hybrids being known by the German name rackelhahn) and the closely related black-billed capercaillie.

Phylum Arthropoda

• Class Insecta
  • Order Hymenoptera
    • Family Apidae
      • Genus Apis
        • African bee, but instead the offspring became more aggressive and highly defensive bees that have escaped into the wild.^{[dubious – discuss][citation needed}
          ]
  • Order Blattodea
    • Family Rhinotermitidae
      • Genus Coptotermes
        • The Asian termite and Formosan termite are an invasive hybrid in Florida.^[19]
  • Order Lepidoptera
    • Family Nymphalidae
      • Genus: Limenitis
        • The white admiral,
          Limenitis archippus) can breed with each other and produce a hybrid known as a Rubidus
    • Family Pieridae
      • Genus: Colias
        • Colias eurytheme and C. philodice butterflies have enough genetic compatibility to produce viable hybrid offspring. Hybrid speciation may have produced Heliconius butterflies, but that is disputed.^[20]
    • Family
      Papilionidae
      • Genus Battus
        • The
          Pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor) mating with a Goldrim swallowtail (Battus polydamas).^[21]
          As the ranges of these two species overlap, the hybrid can be encountered in nature.

• Clade Tracheophytes
  • Clade Angiosperms
    • Clade Monocots
      • Clade Commelinids
        • Order Poales
          • Family Poaceae
            • Subfamily Pooideae
              • Supertribe Triticodae
                • Tribe Triticeae
                  • Triticale, a grain crop, came from a cross of wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale)
    • Clade Eudicots
      • Clade Rosids
        • Order Sapindales
          • Family Sapindaceae
            • In 1994, a hybrid was made between longan (Dimocarpus longana) and lychee (Litchi chinensis)^[22]
• A list of plants that can hybridize under the same genus (Interspecific introgression, allopolyploid origin, and interspecific hybrid origin) can be found here: List of plant hybrids

References