List of hill stations in Malaysia
Ten hill stations have been built in Malaysia's mountainous areas. Four are in the state of Pahang, two are in Perak, and one each are in Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, Penang, and Selangor. Cameron Highlands is the largest hill station, covering 71,220 hectares (175,988 acres) of land, as well as the highest, at an elevation of 1,830 metres (6,004 ft) above sea level.
The concept of a hill station in the
Following the independence of the
List
According to Samuel Robert Aiken, professor of geography at Concordia University, the hill stations built before Malayan independence in 1957 can be divided into two categories: principal hill stations and minor hill stations. Principal hill stations are those that were developed in locations that were more integrated with social and cultural interactions, whereas minor hill stations are those that were less developed due to limited growth and low elevation, where the hill station was not located high enough to satisfy needs for a place with a sufficiently cool climate, and a lack of flat land to accommodate more government officials.[1] Other hill stations that were not categorized by Aiken include Genting Highlands, Mount Jerai and Bukit Tinggi. These hill stations were developed after the independence, but received significant coverage from organizations including the University of California, Berkeley, the New Straits Times, and the World Wide Fund for Nature for strong economic and tourism development, or for potential risks to the environment due to recent development.[9][10][11]
†
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Principal hill station |
‡
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Minor hill station |
Notes
- ^ Originally established as Maxwell Hill. The place was renamed to Bukit Larut in 1979.[14]
- ^ Fraser’s Hill was originally founded in 1890 as a tin mining community known as Pamah Lebar and was renamed as Fraser’s Hill in 1922 after the conversion from former tin mining area into a hill station.[18]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Farrah Zaini, Siti; Md Ali, Zuraini; Anak Kayan, Brit (November 16, 2017). "Site Selection Criteria for British Colonial Hill Stations in Malaya" (PDF). International Symposium of Nusantara Cultural Heritage. 2: 3–4. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ ISSN 1923-6654. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Nurani, Norsiah (August 24, 1992). "BTR to spend $600m on resort project over next 10–15 years". New Straits Times. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ Ali, Martiza (June 17, 2014). "Pahang Exco wants Federal Government to reject Berjaya's casino application". New Straits Times. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
- ^ Hipes, Patrick (July 26, 2019). "Legal Fight Over Fox Theme Park In Malaysia Ends In Settlement". Deadline.com. Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ "Genting Malaysia to rightsize workforce, management offered pay cut". New Straits Times. May 22, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ Abdullah, Ashraf; Mahadhir Nordin, Saif (July 31, 1994). "Taking the brunt of development". New Straits Times. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ "Hill projects to be spread out to prevent degradation". New Straits Times. September 7, 1994. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- JSTOR 214809. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ "Enforce environment laws strictly, says Reach". New Straits Times. March 11, 2002. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ Study on the Development of Hill Stations (PDF). World Wide Fund for Nature. October 2000. p. 20.
- ^ a b Harun, Hairudin (2017). "6.4 The "Malayan Head", Hill Sanitariums and European Health". Medicine and imperialism II: A History of Colonial Health Policy in British Malaya. Self-published.
- ^ Christine, Michelle (August 12, 2017). "What? Where?". The Star. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ a b Bahauddin, Azizi; Mohamed, Badaruddin; Mat Som, Ahmad Puad; Irwana, Shida; Ghapar Othman, Abdul (November 2010). "The British Colonial Architectural Heritage of Fraser's Hill and Cameron Highlands, Malaysia". Transformation and Modernisation in Tourism, Hospitality and Gastronomy: 4. Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
- ^ Anbalagan, V. (December 15, 2002). "Residents welcome Bukit Larut move". New Straits Times. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
- ^ Hussein, Hanna (December 5, 2019). "#JOM GO: Escape to Bukit Tinggi". New Straits Times. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- . Retrieved September 6, 2020.
- ^ Cheong 2013, p. 6.
- ^ Cheong 2013, p. 5.
- ^ WWF Malaysia 2001, p. 137.
- ^ Hussein, Hanna (June 21, 2019). "#JOM! STAY: High-altitude vacation spot for family". New Straits Times. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ Study on the Development of Hill Stations: Final Report Volume 2 (PDF). World Wide Fund for Nature. November 2001. p. 102.
- ^ Aiken 1987, p. 426.
Bibliography
- Aiken, S. Robert (October 1987). "Early Penang Hill Station". Geographical Review. 77 (4). Oxfordshire: Taylor & Francis Ltd: 421–439. JSTOR 214282.
- Cheong, Carell (2013). Fraser's Hill – A Lush Highland Hideaway (PDF). Petaling Jaya: World Wide Fund for Nature. ISBN 9789670237268. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2020-07-13.
- WWF Malaysia (November 2001). Study on the Development of Hill Stations: Final Report Volume 1 (PDF). Petaling Jaya: World Wide Fund for Nature.