List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about incidents of civil unrest, rioting, violent labor disputes, or minor insurrections or revolts in the United States. For incidents occurring before the Declaration of Independence, see List of incidents of civil unrest in Colonial North America.

Listed are major episodes of civil unrest in the United States. This list does not include the numerous incidents of destruction and violence associated with various sporting events.[1]

18th century

19th century

1800–1849

1850–1859

1860–1869

1870–1879

New York Orange Riot
of 1871, between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants.

1880–1889

1890–1899

20th century

1900–1909

1910–1919

1920–1929

1930–1939

1940–1949

1950–1959

1960–1969

1968 Washington, D.C., riots

1970–1979

1980–1989

The disturbance lasted for an hour with 150 youths participating. A grocery store was looted and set on fire. Four police officers, including one involved in the initial arrest, were injured.[47][48]

1990–1999

  • 1990 – 1990 Wynwood riots, December 3, 1990, Miami, Florida, Started after the acquittal of police officers who had beaten a drug dealer named Leonardo Mercado to death in December 1988.[49]
  • 1991 –
    1991 Washington, DC riot
    , Mount Pleasant riot, May 5–9, Washington, D.C.
  • 1991 –
    Miami, Florida
  • 1991 – Crown Heights riot, August 1991, Brooklyn, New York
  • 1992 –
    Los Angeles, California
  • 1992 –
    Las Vegas, Nevada
  • 1992 –
    Manhattan, New York
    , Dominican community
  • 1996 –
    St. Petersburg, Florida Riot 1996
    , October 1996, St. Petersburg, Florida
  • 1997 – North Hollywood shootout, February 1997, Los Angeles, California
  • 1999 –
    Michigan State University student riot
    , April 1999, East Lansing, Michigan
  • 1999 –
    Woodstock '99 music festival incident
    , July 1999, Rome, New York
  • 1999 –
    WTO Meeting of 1999
    , "The Battle of Seattle", November 1999, Seattle, Washington

21st century

2000–2009

  • 2000 –
    Elián González affair
    , Miami, Florida
  • 2000 - Firing of
    Indiana Hoosiers Men's Basketball
    fans participate in vandalism and protests, Bloomington, Indiana
  • 2000 – Puerto Rican Day Parade attacks, June 11, Central Park, New York City
  • 2000 – Brooks Brothers riot, November 22, Miami-Dade County, Florida
  • 2001 –
    Seattle, Washington
  • 2001 –
    2001 Cincinnati Riots
    , April 10–12, Cincinnati, Ohio
  • 2003 –
    Benton Harbor riot
    , June 2003, Benton Harbor, Michigan
  • 2003 –
    Miami FTAA Protests
    , November 2003, Miami, Florida
  • 2005 –
    Civil disturbances and military action in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina
    , August – September, New Orleans, Louisiana
  • 2005 – 2005 Toledo riot, October 15, Toledo, Ohio
  • 2006 – San Bernardino punk riot, March 4, San Bernardino, California
  • 2007 –
    The Los Angeles May Day mêlée
    , May 1, Los Angeles, California
  • 2009 – Riots against
    BART Police shooting of Oscar Grant
    , January 7, 120 arrested, Oakland, California
  • 2009 – Akron riots, March 14, 2009, 7 arrested; and July 2009, unknown number arrested, Akron, Ohio
  • 2009 – 2009 G20 Pittsburgh summit protests, September 24–25, 193 arrested

2010–2019

  • 2010 – Springfest riot, April 10
  • 2010 –
    Santa Cruz May Day riot
    , May 1
  • 2010 – Oakland protest riot, November 5, protesting sentence of former BART officer in shooting of Oscar Grant on New Years Day 2009; see
    BART Police shooting of Oscar Grant
    . Oakland, California
  • 2011 – Madison Occupation. Protestors storm and occupy the Wisconsin state capitol building for 18 days.
  • 2011 – Occupy Wall Street (Brooklyn Bridge protests).
  • 2011 – Occupy Oakland Oakland protests riots. October.
  • 2012 – Kentucky Wildcats supporters in Lexington, Kentucky[50]
  • 2012 – NATO
    2012 Chicago Summit
    , May.
  • 2012 –
    Anaheim police shooting and protests
    , July 28.
  • 2013 –
    Brooklyn, New York
    after the death of Kimani Gray who was shot and killed by NYPD.
  • 2014 –
    Bundy Standoff
    , April 5–May,
  • 2014 –
    the shooting death of Michael Brown
    by a Ferguson police officer
  • 2014 – St. Louis, Missouri – October 8,
  • 2014 – New York, New York, and Berkeley, California.
  • 2014 – 2014 Oakland riots, November–December,
  • 2014 –
    Antonio Martin
    is shot to death by police in a St. Louis suburb nearby to Ferguson
  • 2015 – 2015 Baltimore protests, April 25–28 following the death of Freddie Gray while in police custody.
  • 2015 – St. Louis, Missouri, August 19. Conflict with police following fatal shooting by
    Mansur Ball-Bey
  • 2016 – Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, January–February, One killed and several dozen arrested at Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon.
  • 2016 – Donald Trump Chicago rally protest, March 11.
  • 2016 – Democracy Spring rally in April. March to Washington D.C. and sit-ins lead to arrests.
  • 2016 – 2016 Sacramento riot, June 26, A confrontation between white nationalists and left-wing counter protesters at the California State Capitol.
  • 2016 – Widespread protests erupt in response to two deaths at the hands of police, the
    shooting of Philando Castile
    . New York City, Chicago, St. Paul, Baton Rouge, and other cities.
  • 2016 –
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    , sparked by the fatal police shooting of 23-year-old Sylville Smith.
  • 2016 –
    shooting of Keith Lamont Scott
    by a Charlotte police officer.
  • 2016 – Dakota Access Pipeline protests, 411 protesters arrested.
  • 2016 –
    Anti-Trump protests
    , November 9–2
  • 2017 –
    UC Berkeley
  • 2017 –
    Anaheim, California protests
    , February 21, protesters demonstrated after a police officer grabbed a 13-year-old boy and fired a single shot.
  • 2017 – May Day, in Olympia, Washington and Portland, Oregon, protestors demonstrated for workers rights.
  • 2017 –
    Unite the Right rally, Charlottesville, Virginia, August 11–12, opposition to the removal of a statue of Confederate general Robert E. Lee
  • 2017 – St. Louis protests, September 15–November 24
  • 2019 – Memphis riot, June 13, following the fatal shooting of Brandon Webber by
    Memphis, TN
    .

2020–2024

  • 2020 – New York City FTP protests, January 31, Anti-Transit Police and MTA protest resulting in hundreds of arrests over the three separate days of demonstration. Vandalism and violence on train stations were reported.
  • 2020 – University of Dayton closure riot, March 11, A riot broke out following the university's announcement of a temporary closure due to COVID-19.[51]
  • 2020 –
    occupation protest and self-declared autonomous zone was established on June 8, 2020, covering six city blocks and a park after the Seattle Police Department left their East Precinct building. The area was cleared of occupants by police on July 1, 2020. May 29 began national days of protests in every state; some of which lasted throughout the summer of 2020.[56]
  • 2020 – Kenosha unrest, August 23–28, On August 23 in Kenosha, Wisconsin, Jacob Blake was shot in the back by a police officer while not complying with their attempt to arrest him. Protests and rioting occurred after the incident. A State of Emergency was declared, and police used tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse the crowd. During several days of rioting, government buildings were damaged, businesses were looted and set on fire, and vehicles were firebombed, including 100 cars burned at a car dealership. On the third day of unrest an armed teenager shot three rioters, whom one was also armed, wounding one and killing two. By August 28, almost 1000 Wisconsin National Guard troops were on the streets, backed by National Guard troops from Michigan, Alabama and Arizona. Nearly 100 buildings were damaged with the cost of damage to City property close to $2 million and the cost to private property damaged near $50 million.
  • 2020 –
    Minneapolis false rumors riot
    , August 26–28, On August 26, a false rumor that police shot a man in Minneapolis started riots that set four buildings on fire and damaged 72 others.
  • 2020 – Jewish Protest, October 7–8, In Brooklyn, New York, members of the Orthodox Jewish community protested over new COVID-19 restrictions. Minor fires were set, masks were burned, and journalist Jacob Kornbluh was attacked. Heshy Tischler was taken into custody for inciting a riot.[57]
  • 2020 –
    Philadelphia police
    .
  • 2020 – 2020–21 United States election protests, November 3 – March 2021, Several demonstrations were held during and after the 2020 presidential election. Clashes between pro-Trump supporters and counterprotesters occurred on multiple nights, including November 14 and December 12. On the night of December 12, there were multiple stabbings and over 23 people were arrested.
  • 2021 –
    international condemnation, the Chief of the Capitol Police resigned under pressure and President Trump was impeached a second time under accusation of incitement of insurrection.[61][62] His subsequent trial in February 2021 ultimately resulted in an acquittal by the Senate, making Trump the first to be tried as a former president and to be impeached and acquitted twice.[63]
  • 2021 –
    standing trial for the murder of George Floyd.[64] Protests demanding justice for Wright were met with force by law enforcement, who used tear gas, canisters, and other methods to disperse protesters. Several demonstrations escalated into riots with property damage, looting, and violent clashes between protesters and police. On April 14, shortly after she resigned from the police force, Potter was arrested and charged with second-degree manslaughter.[65] In response to the unrest, Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey
    declared a State of Emergency and imposed a citywide curfew amid mass arrests.
  • 2021 – May 9 – June 2021, amid the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, the United States saw a rise in antisemitism and violence against Jews, as both pro-Israel and pro-Palestine protesters took to the streets of major U.S. cities.[66] On May 20, in Midtown Manhattan, pro-Israel and pro-Palestine protesters both took to the streets; the two groups collided and fights broke out. At least 26 people were arrested during the protests on various charges, including obstructing governmental administration, resisting arrest, unlawful assembly, disorderly conduct, and criminal possession of a weapon, according to police. During the violence, anti-semitic attackers beat a Jewish man.[67] Also on May 20 in Bal Harbour, Florida, an SUV carrying four supporters of Palestine drove by a synagogue and threw garbage at a Jewish family. A nearby driver, armed with a gun, witnessed the incident and jumped to the family's defense, chasing the men away. In a separate incident, a man in Miami drove a van painted with Nazi symbols past a pro-Israel demonstration and shouted antisemitic slurs; the man was subsequently arrested and later released.[68]
  • 2021 – Winston Boogie Smith riots, June 3–7, On June 3, at about 2:10 P.M at a parking garage on Lake Street between Fremont and Hennepin Avenues in the Upton district of Minneapolis, a 32-year-old African-American man named Winston Boogie Smith was killed by Hennepin County and Ramsey County Sheriff's Departments deputies who were assisting the US Marshals Service in arresting him. The US Marshals Service stated their reason for arresting him was because he had failed to appear in court on May 19 after being arrested for firearms possession. There is no known video footage of the incident occurring. Both a Ramsey and a Hennepin county deputy were later placed on administrative leave. A crowd gathered after the incident occurred waiting to hear more information pertaining to the incident. During that night a handful of businesses were looted and vandalized. Nine arrests were reported to have been made.[69] On June 13, an SUV drove into a parked car that was shielding protesters and the car was pushed into a crowd, leading to the death of one person and injuring 3 others.[70] On July 8, 2021, a video link was posted on Twitter showing a driver in the Uptown area of Minneapolis "Firing a gun into the air while doing burnouts".[71][72]
  • 2021-2023 –
    Manuel Terán, known also as "Tortuguita", was killed by police.[73][74] Police stated without evidence that Terán fired on them without warning.[75] Journalists who had previously interviewed Terán, other protestors, and Terán's family have questioned whether Terán fired first, pointing to lack of body-camera footage of the shooting and calling for an independent investigation.[75][76][77][78] In response to the shooting, on January 21, 2023, protesters marched through Atlanta; some burned an Atlanta Police Department vehicle and started attacking businesses that have financially contributed to the Atlanta Police Foundation.[79]
  • August 4, 2023 – Union Square riot, popular Twitch streamer Kai Cenat held a fan meetup in Union Square, New York City where he was to give away free PlayStation 5's. The event quickly spiraled out of control due to the large number of attendees. Law enforcement who responded to the situation sustained multiple injuries, and property was damaged. Multiple people were arrested and detained, including Cenat, who faced possible charges of inciting a riot.[80]
  • September 26–27 - Philadelphia experienced two nights of mass looting across the city, ranging from small businesses to major retailers such as Apple.[81] Over 18 liquor stores were robbed, prompting PA to shutter all state run liquor stores in Philadelphia briefly, while others remain closed until further notice. At least 72 have been arrested after they took advantage of law enforcement being distracted with protests over the police shooting of Eddie Irrizary, though the DA asserts the looters were not themselves associated with the protests.[82] Local influencer Dayjia "Meatball" Blackwell is alleged to have used her social media following to encourage people to participate in criminal activities in seven different locations. Blackwell, along with many of the mostly masked, young adult looters, livestreamed the robberies on TikTok and Instagram, where the 21-year-old has hundreds of thousands of followers.[83]
  • 2023-2024 – The Israel–Hamas war sparked some of the largest pro-Palestine and pro-Israel protests in US history. The largest Palestine solidarity demonstration in US history drew an estimated 100,000-500,000 people.[84][85][86] The organizers of the March for Israel in DC said it drew 290,000 people, making it the largest pro-Israel demonstration in the US.[87] Following the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, the Council on American–Islamic Relations reported a 172 percent increase in anti-Palestinian and Islamophobic hate crimes in the United States.[88] These included the murder of Wadea al-Fayoume and attempted murder of his mother in Illinois, the 2023 shooting of Palestinian students in Vermont, and the stabbing of a 23-year-old Palestinian-American in Texas.[89][90][91][92][93] Additionally, hundreds of pro-Palestine protestors are arrested, including hundreds from IfNotNow and Jewish Voice for Peace during a sit-down protest on Capitol Hill, and over 100 from Jewish Voice for Peace and the Council on American-Islamic Relations at the Pennsylvania State Capitol.[94][95][96] On campuses across the country, students from Students for Justice in Palestine and other pro-Palestine groups protested through blockades and hunger strikes.[97][98][99] Protests at college campuses have led to claims of antisemitism and anti-Palestinian discrimination.[100][101][102][103]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Abu-Lughod, Janet L. Race, space, and riots in Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles (2007). online
  • Bergesen, Albert, and Max Herman. "Immigration, race, and riot: The 1992 Los Angeles uprising." American Sociological Review (1998): 39-54. online
  • Bernstein, Iver. The New York City Draft Riots: Their Significance for American Society and Politics in the Age of the Civil War (Oxford UP, 1991) online
  • Brophy, Alfred L. and Randall Kennedy. Reconstructing the Dreamland: The Tulsa Riot of 1921: Race, Reparations, and Reconciliation (Oxford UP, 2003)
  • Brown, Richard Maxwell. Strain of violence: Historical studies of American violence and vigilantism (Oxford UP, 1975) online; also see online.
  • Bruns, Roger. Zoot Suit Riots (ABC-CLIO 2014), Hispanics in Los Angeles in 1940s.
  • Chicago Commission on Race Relations. The Negro in Chicago: A Study of Race Relations and a Race Riot (1922) on Chicago race riot of 1919
  • Dobrin, Adam, ed. Statistical handbook on violence in America (Oryx, 1996) hundreds of tables and charts, focused on late 20th century.
  • Feldberg, Michael, The Philadelphia Riots of 1844: A Study of Ethnic Conflict (1975);
    •  Feldberg. "The Philadelphia Riots of 1844: A Social History" (PhD dissertation, U of Rochester; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1970. 7101385).
  • Fine, Sidney. Violence in the Model City: The Cavanagh Administration, Race Relations, and the Detroit Riot Of 1967 (Michigan State University Press,2007)
  • Gilje, Paul A. Rioting in America (Indiana UP, 1996), interpretive history from colonial era to present
  • Gordon, Michael A. The Orange Riots: Irish Political Violence in New York City, 1870 and 1871 (Cornell UP, 2018) see Orange Riots
  • Gottesman, Ronald, and Richard Maxwell Brown, eds. Violence in America: an encyclopedia (3 vol 1999). 1930pp; comprehensive coverage by scholars; vol 2 online
  • Graham, Hugh Davis, ed. Violence in America : historical and comparative perspectives ; a report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (2 vol 1969) vol 1 online also vol 2 online
  • Gurr, Ted Robert, ed. Violence in America: Protest, rebellion, reform (1979).
  • Hofstadter, Richard, and Michael Wallace, eds. American violence: A documentary history (1971). online
  • Hunt, Darnell M. Screening the Los Angeles ’Riots’: Race, Seeing, and Resistance (Cambridge UP, 1996), focus on media coverage
  • Olzak S, Shanahan, and E.H.McEneaney. . "Poverty, segregation and race riots: 1960 to 1993." American Sociological Review (1996) 61(4):590–613 online
  • Rucker, Walter C. and James N. Upton, eds. Encyclopedia of American Race Riots (2 vol. Greenwood, 2006)
  • Schneider, John Charles.  “Mob violence and public order in the American city, 1830-1865” (PhD dissertation,  University of Minnesota; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,  1971. 7205576).
  • Tager, Jack. Boston Riots: Three Centuries of Social Violence (Northeastern University Press, 2001)
  • Tuttle, William. Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919. (U of Illinois Press, 1970). online
  • Victor, Orville J. History Of American Conspiracies: A Record Of Treason, Insurrection, Rebellion, &c. In The United States Of America. From 1760 To 1860 (1863) online, entertaining but outdated
  • Waskow, Arthur I. From Race Riot to Sit-In, 1919 and the 1960s: A Study in the Connections Between Conflict and Violence. (Doubleday, 1966).
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