List of kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus
The Bosporan kings were the rulers of the
After several successive periods of rule by groups such as the Sarmatians, Alans, Goths and Huns,[2] the remnants of the Bosporan Kingdom were finally absorbed into the Roman Empire by Justinian I in the 6th century AD following a revolt against the Hunnic ruler Gordas.[3][4]
List of kings
Joint rulers are indicated with indentation.
Archaeanactid dynasty (c. 480–438 BC)
- Archaeanax c. 480 BC–?[1]
The number of successors of Archaenax and their names are not known.[a] His family ruled until c. 438 BC.[1]
Spartocid dynasty (438–111 BC)
- Spartokos I 438–433 BC[6]
- Satyros I 433–389 BC[6]
- Leukon I 389–349 BC[6]
- Gorgippos 389–349 BC[7]
- Paerisades I 349–311 BC[6]
- Spartokos II 349–344 BC[6]
- Satyros II 311–310 BC[6]
- Prytanis 310–309 BC[6]
- Eumelos 309–304 BC[6]
- Spartokos III 304 BC–284 BC[6]
- Paerisades II 284–c. 250 BC[6]
- Spartokos IV c. 250–c. 240 BC[6]
- Leukon II c. 240–210 BC[6]
- Hygiainon (regent) c. 210–c. 200 BC[6]
- Spartokos V c. 200–c. 180 BC[6]
- Kamasarye (queen) c. 180–c. 160 BC[6]
- Paerisades III c. 180–c. 170 BC[6]
- Paerisades IV c. 170–c. 150 BC (with Kamasarye and then alone)[6]
- Spartokos VI (?) c. 150–c. 140 BC[6]
- Paerisades V c. 140–111 BC[6]
Scythian rule (111–110 BC)
Mithridatic dynasty (110 BC–AD 8)
- Mithridates I 110 BC–63 BC[6]
- Pharnaces 63–48 BC[6]
- Mithridates II 47 BC–44/43 BC[8][9]
Tiberian-Julian dynasty (8–341)
- Polemon II of Pontus 38–41[12]
- Rhescuporis I (?) 14–42[12]
- Gepaepyris[13] (queen)
- Mithridates III 42–46[12]
- Cotys I 46–78[12]
- Incorporated as a part of the Roman Province of Moesia Inferior 63–68
- Rhescuporis II 78–93[12]
- Sauromates I 93–123[12]
- Cotys II 123–131[12]
- Rhoemetalces 131–153[12]
- Eupator 154–170[12]
- Sauromates II 172–210[12]
- Rhescuporis III 211–228[12]
- Cotys III 228–234[12]
- Sauromates III 229–232[12]
- Rhescuporis IV 233–234[12]
- Chedosbios 233–234 (?)[14]
- Rhescuporis V 240–276[12]
- Teiranes 276–278[12]
- Sauromates IV 276[12]
Later rulers (341–527)
The end of Rhescuporis VI's reign is believed to have marked the end of the Tiberian-Julian dynasty. Details of the Bosporan Kingdom are scant thereafter but it appears to have undergone several successive periods of rule by Sarmatians, Alans, Goths and Huns.[2] There was probably a continuous sequence of rulers[2] but few names are known.[b]
Mugel's rule in the Bosporus was brief; shortly after Gordas's death
Family tree
This family tree covers the rulers of the Mithridatic and Tiberian-Julian dynasties. Owing to much of the sequence of Tiberian-Julian rulers being based on coinage, the relationships within the Tiberian-Julian dynasty (especially for later rulers) are largely conjectural and speculative. Conjectural and speculative lines of descent are marked with dotted lines. Though genealogical information is completely unknown for kings after Cotys III, the repeating names lead most researchers to believe that the later kings until at least 341 were part of the same continuous dynasty.[1]
Family tree of the Mithridatic and Tiberian-Julian dynasties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also
Notes
- ^ Peter Truhart's Regents of Nations (2000) speculatively reconstructed the Archaeanactid dynasty as follows: Archaeanax (c. 480–470 BC), Paerisades (I) (c. 470–450 BC), Leukon (I) (c. 450–440 BC) and Sagauros (c. 440–438 BC).[5]
- ^ In addition to the three certain names listed below, some authors speculate that Rhescuporis VI's immediate successors were two kings named Sauromates, i.e. Sauromates V and Sauromates VI. This is based on the writings of 10th-century emperor Constantine VII. Constantine's writings describe a post-Rhescuporis VI conflict with the Bosporans which is won by the Romans and notes that this victory meant that "the kingship of the Sauromati [was] finished".[19]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-15320-2.
- ^ S2CID 239216873. Archived from the originalon 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
- ^ ISSN 0929-077X.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4766-0929-4.
- ISBN 978-3-598-21543-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-515-06399-9.
- ISBN 9781444334128.
- ^ a b Mayor, A., (2009), The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy, Princeton University Press, p. 345
- ^ Barclay Head. "Ancient coins of Pontus". Digital Historia Numorum: A manual of Greek numismatics. Retrieved 2015-03-19.
- ^ a b Rostovtzeff, M., Queen Dynamis of Bosporus, JHS, pp. 100-105
- ^ a b c Minns, E., H., Scythians and Greeks, A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology p. 592 [1]
- ^ ISBN 978-0-904173-16-1.
- ^ Numismatic Literature. American Numismatic Society. 1979. p. 28.
- ^ Choref, Michael (2020). "К истории правления Хедосбия" [To the History of the Reign of Chedosbios]. Stratum Plus Journal (in Russian). 6: 231–240.
- ^ a b Yartsev, Sergey V. (2019). "The Invasion of the Borans into the Bosporus in the 3rd Century AD" (PDF). Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 7 (6).
- ^ Beydin, G. V. (2016). "Готы на Боспоре: находки монет царя Фарсанза в ареале черняховской культуры" [Goths in the Bosporus: finds of coins of King Farsanz in the area of the Chernyakhov culture]. Древности. Харьковский историко-археологический ежегодник. 13: 138–149.
- ^ JSTOR 42668787.
- S2CID 104376080.
- ^ .
- ^ ISBN 978-1-315-41500-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-7018-0226-8.
- ^ a b "Le Bosphore Cimmérien - Suite". antikforever.com. Retrieved 2022-05-09.