List of largest snakes

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The largest living snakes in the world, measured either by length or by weight, are various members of the Boidae and Pythonidae families. They include anacondas, pythons and boa constrictors, which are all non-venomous constrictors. The longest venomous snake, with a length up to 18.5–18.8 ft (5.6–5.7 m), is the king cobra,[1] while contesters for the heaviest title include the Gaboon viper and the Eastern diamondback rattlesnake. All of these three species reach a maximum mass in the range of 6–20 kg (13–44 lb).

There are fourteen living snake species with a maximum mass of at least 50 lb (23 kg), as shown in the table below. This includes all species that reach a length of at least 20 ft (6.1 m). There are two other species that reach nearly this length – the

blood python
(Python brongersmai) is also a relatively massive snake, although it does not reach exceptional lengths.

It is important to be aware that there is considerable variation in the maximum reported size of these species, and most measurements are not truly verifiable, so the sizes listed should not be considered definitive. In general, the reported lengths are likely to be somewhat overestimated.

New York Zoological Society (later renamed as the Wildlife Conservation Society), no attempt to claim the reward has ever been made.[3]

Although it is generally accepted that the reticulated python is the world's longest snake, most length estimates longer than 6 m (20 ft) have been called into question.[7] It has been suggested that confident length records for the largest snakes must be established from a dead body soon after death, or alternatively from a heavily sedated snake, using a steel tape and in the presence of witnesses, and must be published (and preferably recorded on video).[7] At least one reticulated python was measured under full anesthesia at 6.95 m (22.8 ft), and somewhat less reliable scientific reports up to 10 m (33 ft) have appeared.[9]

Although weight is easier to measure reliably than length (e.g., by simply measuring the weight of a container with and without the snake inside it and subtracting one measurement from the other), a significant factor in the weight of a snake is whether it has been kept in captivity and provided an unusual abundance of food in conditions that also cause reduced levels of activity. Moreover, the weight of wild specimens is often reduced as a symptom of parasite infestations that are eliminated by veterinary care in captivity. Thus, the largest weights measured for captive specimens often greatly exceed the largest weights observed in the wild for the same species. This phenomenon may particularly affect the weight measurements for anaconda species that are especially difficult to keep in captivity due to their semi-aquatic nature, resulting in other species having larger weights measured in captivity. In particular, the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) is an especially massive snake if only observations in the wild are considered.

Largest serpent species in the world

Rank Common name Scientific name Family Mass Image Length Range map
1 Green anaconda
Eunectes murinus
Boidae May exceed 227 kg (500 lb),
P.bivittatus and M. reticulatus
in captivity)
May exceed 8.8 m (28 ft 10 in),[10] not firmly verified[7]
6.27 m (20 ft 7 in), somewhat reliable[12]
5.6 m (18 ft 4 in), somewhat reliable[3]
5.21 m (17 ft 1 in), reliable, maximum among 780 specimens caught over a seven-year period 1992–98[11]
Average 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) among 45 specimens (1992–98)[11]
Minimum adult length 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)[3]
2 Burmese python
P. molurus
)
Pythonidae 182.8 kg (403 lb), reliable, for "Baby" in 1998 (in captivity)[7]
98 kg (216 lb), reliable, for the heaviest individual in the wild[13][14][15][16]
94 kg (207 lb), reliable, for the biggest male in the wild[17][18][19]
5.7912 m (19 ft 0 in), reliable, for the longest individual in the wild July 10, 2023 [20] [21] [22] Minimum adult length 2.35 m (7 ft 9 in)[3]
3 Reticulated python
Malayopython reticulatus
Pythonidae Up to 158 kg (350 lb), somewhat reliable[23][24]
158.8 kg (350 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Medusa" in 2011[25]
About 156 kg (344 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Twinkie" in 2014[26][27]
136 kg (300 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Fluffy" in 2010[28]
133.7 kg (295 lb), reasonably reliable, for "Colossus" in 1954 (with an empty stomach)[7][29]
124.7 kg (275 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Samantha" in 2002[29][30]
115 kg (254 lb), somewhat reliable, for "Super Snake" in 2021[31][32][33]
59 kg (130 lb), reliable, wild specimen in 1999 (after not eating for nearly 3 months)[9]
10 m (32 ft 10 in),[23][24] not firmly verified[7]
7.92 m (26 ft 0 in), somewhat reliable, for "Samantha" in 2002[29][30]
7.67 m (25 ft 2 in), somewhat reliable, for "Medusa" in 2011[25]
7.3 m (23 ft 11 in), somewhat reliable, for "Fluffy" in 2010[25][28]
7 m (23 ft 0 in), somewhat reliable, for "Twinkie" in 2014[27]
7 m (23 ft 0 in), somewhat reliable, for "Super Snake" in 2021[31][32][33]
6.95 m (22 ft 10 in), reliable, wild specimen in 1999[9]
6.35 m (20 ft 10 in), reasonably reliable, for "Colossus" in 1963 (skeletal length)[7]
Minimum adult length 3.04 m (10 ft 0 in)[3]
Generally considered the world's longest
4 Central African rock python
P. natalensis
)
Pythonidae Up to 113 kg (250 lb),[34] not firmly verified[7]
91 kg (200 lb), reliable[35][36][37]
Up to 7.5 m (24 ft 7 in),[38] not firmly verified[7]
6.5 m (21 ft 4 in), reliable[39]
Minimum adult length 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in)[3]
Range shown as green region
5 Southern African rock python
P. sebae
)
Pythonidae 80 kg (180 lb), somewhat reliable, for the largest specimen[40]
65 kg (143 lb), reliable[41]
Of 75 individuals measured in South Africa, the longest female weighed 53.4 kg (118 lb).[42]
6 m (19 ft 8 in)[43] not firmly verified
5.8 m (19 ft 0 in), reliable[39]
Of 75 individuals measured in South Africa, the longest female was 4.34 meters long.
Individuals longer than 4.6 meters are rare.[44]
Typically 2.8–4 m (9 ft 2 in – 13 ft 1 in)[45]
Range shown as orange region
6 Indian python
P. bivittatus
)
Pythonidae 91 kg (200 lb),[46] not firmly verified[7]
52 kg (115 lb), reliable[47]
6.4 m (21 ft 0 in),[46] not firmly verified[7]
4.6 m (15.1 ft), reliable[47]
7
Australian scrub python
S. amethistina
)
Pythonidae 35 kg (77 lb),[48] reliable
24 kg (53 lb), reliable[49][50]
Some reports up to[51] or exceeding 8 m (26 ft 3 in),[3] not firmly verified[7]
7.2 m (23 ft 7 in),[52] not firmly verified[50]
In excess of 6 m (19 ft 8 in)[51]
5.65 m (18 ft 6 in), reliable[49][50]
Typically 3.5 m (11 ft 6 in)[3]
Minimum adult length 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in)[3]
Little information about size is available[3][53]
Range shown as dark green region
8 Amethystine python
S. kinghorni
)
Pythonidae Able to reach 20 kg (44 lb),[54] and probably larger
Little information about size is available[3][53]
Able to reach 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in)[54]
4.72 m (15 ft 6 in), reliable[55]
Little information about size is available[3][53]
Range shown as dark orange and bright orange regions
9 Yellow anaconda
Eunectes notaeus
Boidae They commonly weigh 25–35 kg (55–77 lb), though large specimens can weigh 40–55 kg (88–121 lb) or even more.[56] 4.6 m (15.1 ft), reasonably reliable[1][57]
Typically 3–4 m (9 ft 10 in – 13 ft 1 in)[57]
3.1 m (10 ft 2 in) maximum among 86 specimens in a field study[58]
South America
10
Red tailed boa
Boa constrictor Boidae More than 45 kg (99 lb)[59] Possibly up to 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)[60]
A much larger report was debunked[7][61]
[62]
11 Cuban boa
Chilabothrus angulifer
Boidae Maximum 40 kg (88 lb), reliable[63]
27 kg (60 lb), reliable[64]
5.65 m (18 ft 6 in), for the largest specimen[63]
Up to 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in)[64][65]
12 Beni anaconda
E. notaeus
)
Boidae 35 kg (77 lb)[citation needed] Largest specimen 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in),[66] relatively reliable
Typically up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in),[67][68] relatively reliable
Little information about size is available (known from only six specimens as of 2009)[69]
13 Dark-spotted anaconda
E. notaeus
)
Boidae 30 kg (66 lb)[citation needed] 3 m (9 ft 10 in),[70][71] relatively reliable
14 Papuan python
Apodora papuana
Pythonidae Average reported as 22.5 kg (50 lb)[72]
Little information about size is available[3]
One reasonably reliable report of 4.39 m (14 ft 4.8 in)[3][73]
Average reported as 4 m (13 ft 1.5 in)[72]
Often reaches 3–4 m (9 ft 10.1 in – 13 ft 1.5 in)[3]
Most specimens 1.4–3.6 m (4 ft 7 in – 11 ft 10 in)[73]
Little information about size is available[3]
15
Northern boa
B. constrictor
)
Boidae Can be over 20 kg (44 lb)
Specimen from the Cayos Cochinos
Average adult length around 2 m (6 ft 7 in). Can reach up to 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in)[74]

By families

Boas (Boidae)

  • The most massive living member of this highly diverse reptilian order is the green anaconda (Eunectes murinus) of the neotropical riverways. These may exceed 8.8 m (29 ft) and 227 kg (500 lb), although such reports are not fully verified.[7] Rumors of larger anacondas also persist.[75] The reticulated python (Python reticulatus) of Southeast Asia is longer but more slender, and has been reported to measure as much as 10 m (33 ft) in length and to weigh up to 158 kg (348 lb).[52][24] The Burmese python, a south-east Asian species is known to weigh as much as 183 kg (403 lb) and is generally the heaviest snake among average modern wild specimens.[citation needed]

Typical snakes (Colubridae)

Elapids (Elapidae)

King cobra, the largest elapid
  • The longest venomous snake is the
    venomous snake in the world is possibly the African black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis), which can grow up to 4.5 m (15 ft). Among the genus Naja, the longest member arguably may be the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca), which can reportedly grow up to 3 m (9.8 ft). In the case of the Indian cobra (Naja naja), the majority of adult specimens range from 1 to 1.5 m (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 11 in) in length. Some specimens, particularly those from Sri Lanka, may grow to lengths of 2.1 to 2.2 m (6 ft 11 in to 7 ft 3 in), but this is relatively uncommon.[84]

Blind snakes (Leptotyphlopidae)

  • The largest blind snake Giant blind snake (Rena maxima) is a female with a snout-to-vent length (SVL) of 33 cm (13 in) plus a tail 1.8 cm (0.71 in) long.[85]

Lamprophids (Lamprophiidae)

  • The largest lamprophids Cape file snake (Heterolepsis capensis) is a medium to large snake. With an average total length (including tail) of about 120 cm (3 ft 11 in), specimens of 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) total length have been recorded. It has a very flat head, and its body is strikingly triangular in cross-section.

Vipers (Viperidae)

Remarkable individual specimens

Individual specimens considered among largest measured for their respective species include the following:

See also

References

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