List of monarchs of Korea
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Monarchs of Korea First monarch Dangun (legendary) Last monarch Sunjong Formation 2333 BC (legendary) Abolition 29 August 1910 Residence Varies according to dynasty, most recently Gyeongbok Palace in Seoul
668–935
This is a list of monarchs of Korea , arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean . McCune–Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.
Gojoseon
Gojoseon (2333 BC – 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BC.[1]
Bronze Age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning . By the 9th to 4th century BC, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.
Both Dangun and Gija are believed to be mythological figures, but recent findings suggest and theorize that since Gojoseon was a kingdom with artifacts dating back to the 4th millennium BC, Dangun and Gija may have been royal or imperial titles used for the monarchs of Gojoseon, hence the use of Dangun for 1900 years.[2]
Earliest mythological rulers
Dangun Joseon
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Dangun Wanggeom
단군왕검 (檀君王儉)
2333(?) – ? BC
Gija Joseon
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Gija
기자 (箕子)
1122(?) – ? BC
Historical rulers
Further information:
List of Wiman Joseon monarchs
Gojoseon
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
?
Unknown ruler
Unknown
4th century BC
···
···
···
···
?
King Bu
부왕 (否王)
232–220 BC
?
King Jun
준왕 (準王)
220–195 BC
Wiman Joseon
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Wi Man
위만 (衛滿)
194–? BC
2
Unknown (Son of Wi Man)
Unknown
?–?
3
King Ugeo
우거왕 (右渠王)
?–108 BC
Buyeo
Buyeo (c. 2nd century BC – 494 AD) ruled in modern-day Northeast China . Although records are sparse and contradictory, it is speculated that in the 1st century BC, Eastern Buyeo branched out, after which the original Buyeo is sometimes referred to as Northern Buyeo. Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494.
#
Portrait
Personal names
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanhan
1
Hae Buru
해부루 (解夫婁)
?–? BC
2
Hae Geumwa
해금와 (解金蛙)
48–20 BC
3
Hae Daeso
해대소 (解臺素)
20 BC – 22 AD
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Founder of Galsa
갈사왕 (曷思王)
21–?
?
Hae Dodu
해도두 (解都頭)
?–68
Later Northern Buyeo
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Comment
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
?
Butae
부태왕 (夫台王)
?–?, 2nd century
He invaded Xuantu Commandery,but was defeated with a huge loss.[3]
···
···
···
···
?
Wigutae
위구태왕 (慰仇太王)
?–?, 2nd century
Married with Gongsun clan.[4]
?
Ganwigeo
간위거왕 (簡位居王)
?–?, 3rd century
He only had illegitimate son Maryeo.[5]
?
Maryeo
마려왕 (麻余王)
?–?, 3rd century
Wigeo holding the post of Daesa led state affairs.Paid tribute to Wei.[6]
···
···
···
···
?
Uiryeo
의려왕 (依慮王)
?–285
Rose to the throne at the age of six. Committed suicide after a huge defeat after a battle with the Xianbei.[7]
?
Uira
의라왕 (依羅王)
286–?
Exiled to Okjeo. Restored old territory after getting help from Jin.[8]
···
···
···
···
?
Hyeon
현왕 (玄王)
?–346
?
Yeoul
여울왕 (餘蔚王)
?–384
···
···
···
···
?
Jan
잔 (孱)
?–494
Goguryeo
Taewang
(太王, "Greatest King").
#
Portrait
Personal names[a] [b]
Period of reign
Posthumous name [c]
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Go Jumong Go Chumo Go Sanghae
고주몽 (高朱蒙) 고추모 (高鄒牟) 고상해 (高象解)
37–19 BC
Chumoseong Dongmyeong
Dongmyeongseong
추모성왕 (鄒牟聖王) 동명왕 (東明王) 동명성왕 (東明聖王)
2
Hae Yuri Hae Yuryu Hae Nuri
해유리 (解琉璃) 해유류 (解孺留) 해누리 (解類利)
19 BC – 18 AD
Yuri [e] Yurimyeong
유리왕 (琉璃王) 유리명왕 (琉璃明王)
3
Hae Muhyul
해무휼 (解無恤)
18–44
Daemusin Daehaejuryu
대무신왕 (大武神王) 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王)
4
Hae Saekju
해색주 (解色朱)
44–48
Minjung
민중왕 (閔中王)
5
Hae U Hae Aeru Hae Mangnae
해우 (解憂) 해애루 (解愛婁) 해막래 (解莫來)
48–53
Mobon
모본왕 (慕本王)
6
Go Gung Go Eosu
고궁 (高宮) 고어수 (高於漱)
53–146[f]
Taejo [the Great]
Gukjo
태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王) 국조왕 (國祖王)
7
Go Suseong
고수성 (高遂成)
146–165
Chadae
차대왕 (次大王)
8
Go Baekgo Go Baekgu
고백고 (高伯固) 고백구 (高伯句)
165–179
Sindae
신대왕 (新大王)
9
Go Nam-mu
고남무 (高男武)
179–197
Gogukcheon Gukyang
고국천왕 (故國川王) 국양왕 (國襄王)
10
Go Yeon-u Go Iimo
고연우 (高延優) 고이이모 (高伊夷謨)
197–227
Sansang
산상왕 (山上王)
11
Go Uwigeo Go Wigung Go Gyoche
고우위거 (高憂位居) 고위궁 (高位宮) 고교체 (高郊彘)
227–248
Dongcheon Dongyang
동천왕 (東川王) 동양왕 (東襄王)
12
Go Yeonbul
고연불 (高然弗)
248–270
Jungcheon Jungyang
중천왕 (中川王) 중양왕 (中襄王)
13
Go Yangno Go Yagu
고약로 (高藥盧) 고약우 (高若友)
270–292
Seocheon Seoyang
서천왕 (西川王) 서양왕 (西襄王)
14
Go Sangbu Go Sapsiru
고상부 (高相夫) 고삽시루 (高歃矢婁)
292–300
Bongsang Chigal
봉상왕 (烽上王) 치갈왕 (雉葛王)
15
Go Eulbul Go Ubul
고을불 (高乙弗) 고우불 (高憂弗)
300–331
Micheon Hoyang
미천왕 (美川王) 호양왕 (好壤王)
16
Go Sayu Go Yu Go Soe
고사유 (高斯由) 고유 (高劉) 고쇠 (高釗)
331–371
Gogugwon
고국원왕 (故國原王)
17
Go Gubu
고구부 (高丘夫)
371–384
Sosurim
소수림왕 (小獸林王)
18
Go Yiryeon Go Eojiji
고이련 (高伊連) 고어지지 (高於只支)
384–391
Gogugyang
고국양왕 (故國壤王)
19
Go Damdeok
고담덕 (高談德)
391–413
Gwanggaeto
광개토왕 (廣開土王)
20
Go Georyeon Go Yeon
고거련 (高巨連) 고연 (高璉)
413–491
Jangsu
장수왕 (長壽王)
21
Go Na-un Go Un
고나운 (高羅雲) 고운 (高雲)
491–519
Munjamyeong
문자명왕 (文咨明王)
22
Go Heung-an Go An
고흥안 (高興安) 고안 (高安)
519–531
Anjang
안장왕 (安藏王)
23
Go Boyeon Go Yeon
고보연 (高寶延) 고연 (高延)
531–545
Anwon
안원왕 (安原王)
24
Go Pyeongseong
고평성 (高平成)
545–559
Yangwon Yanggang
양원왕 (陽原王) 양강왕 (陽崗王)
25
Go Yangseong Go Yang Go Tang
고양성 (高陽成) 고양 (高陽) 고탕 (高湯)
559–590
Pyeongwon Pyeonggang
평원왕 (平原王) 평강왕(平岡王)
26
Go Won
고원 (高元)
590–618
Yeongyang Pyeongyang
영양왕 (嬰陽王) 평양왕 (平陽王)
27
Go Geonmu Go Mu Go Seong
고건무 (高建武) 고무 (高武) 고성 (高成)
618–642
Yeongnyu
영류왕 (榮留王)
28
Go Bojang Go Jang
고보장 (高寶藏) 고장 (高藏)
642–668
None
None
Baekje
Baekje (18 BC – 660 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.
#
Portrait
Personal names
Period of reign
Posthumous name
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Buyeo Onjo
부여온조 (扶餘溫祚)
18 BC – 28 AD
Onjo
온조왕 (溫祚王)
2
Buyeo Daru
부여다루 (扶餘多婁)
28–77
Daru
다루왕 (多婁王)
3
Buyeo Giru
부여기루 (扶餘己婁)
77–128
Giru
기루왕 (己婁王)
4
Buyeo Gaeru
부여개루 (扶餘蓋婁)
128–166
Gaeru
개루왕 (蓋婁王)
5
Buyeo Chogo Buyeo Sogo Buyeo Sokgo
부여초고 (扶餘肖古) 부여소고 (扶餘素古) 부여속고 (扶餘速古)
166–214
Chogo Sogo Sokgo
초고왕 (肖古王) 소고왕 (素古王) 속고왕 (速古王)
6
Buyeo Gusu Buyeo Guisu
부여구수 (扶餘仇首) 부여귀수 (扶餘貴須)
214–234
Gusu Guisu
구수왕 (仇首王) 귀수왕 (貴須王)
7
Buyeo Saban Buyeo Sabi Buyeo Sai
부여사반 (扶餘沙泮) 부여사비 (扶餘沙沸) 부여사이 (扶餘沙伊)
234
Saban Sabi Sai
사반왕 (沙泮王) 사비왕 (沙沸王) 사이왕 (沙伊王)
8
Buyeo Goi Buyeo Gui Buyeo Gomo
부여고이 (扶餘古爾) 부여구이 (扶餘久爾) 부여고모 (扶餘古慕)
234–286
Goi Gui Gomo
고이왕 (古爾王) 구이왕 (久爾王) 고모왕 (古慕王)
9
Buyeo Chaekgye Buyeo Cheonggye
부여책계 (扶餘責稽) 부여청계 (扶餘靑稽)
286–298
Chaekgye Cheonggye
책계왕 (責稽王) 청계왕 (靑稽王)
10
Buyeo Bunseo
부여분서 (扶餘汾西)
298–304
Bunseo
분서왕 (汾西王)
11
Buyeo Biryu
부여비류 (扶餘比流)
304–344
Biryu
비류왕 (比流王)
12
Buyeo Gye
부여계 (扶餘契)
344–346
Gye
계왕 (契王)
13
Buyeo Gu
부여구 (扶餘句)
346–375
Geunchogo Chogo Sokgo Jogo
근초고왕 (近肖古王) 초고왕 (肖古王) 속고왕 (速古王) 조고왕 (照古王)
14
Buyeo Su
부여수 (扶餘須)
375–384
Geun-gusu Geun-guisu Guisu Guiryu Guso
근구수왕 (近仇首王) 근귀수왕 (近貴首王) 귀수왕 (貴首王) 귀류왕 (貴流王) 구소왕 (久素王)
15
Buyeo Chimnyu
부여침류 (扶餘枕流)
384–385
Chimnyu
침류왕 (枕流王)
16
Buyeo Jinsa Buyeo Hwi
부여진사 (扶餘辰斯) 부여휘 (扶餘暉)
385–392
Jinsa
진사왕 (辰斯王)
17
Buyeo Asin Buyeo Abang Buyeo Ahwa Buyeo Ami
부여아신 (扶餘阿莘) 부여아방 (扶餘阿芳) 부여아화 (扶餘阿花) 부여아미 (扶餘阿美)
392–405
Asin Abang Ahwa Ami
아신왕 (阿莘王) 아방왕 (阿芳王) 아화왕 (阿花王) 아미왕 (阿美王)
18
Buyeo Yeong Buyeo Jeon
부여영 (扶餘映) 부여전 (扶餘腆)
405–420
Jeonji Jikji Jinji
전지왕 (腆支王) 직지왕 (直支王) 진지왕 (眞支王)
19
Unknown
Unknown
420–427
Gu-isin
구이신왕 (久爾辛王)
20
Buyeo Biyu Buyeo Bi
부여비유 (扶餘毗有) 부여비 (扶餘毗)
427–455
Biyu Piryu
비유왕 (毗有王) 피류왕 (避流王)
21
Buyeo Gyeong Buyeo Gyeongsa
부여경 (扶餘慶) 부여경사 (扶餘慶司)
455–475
Gaero Geun-gaeru
개로왕 (蓋鹵王) 근개루왕 (近蓋婁王)
22
Buyeo Do Buyeo Modo
부여도 (扶餘都) 부여모도 (扶餘牟都)
475–477
Munju
문주왕 (文周王)
23
Buyeo Samgeun Buyeo Samgeol Buyeo Imgeol
부여삼근 (扶餘三斤) 부여삼걸 (扶餘三乞) 부여임걸 (扶餘壬乞)
477–479
Samgeun Mun-geun
삼근왕 (三斤王) 문근왕 (文斤王)
24
Buyeo Modae Buyeo Dae Buyeo Mamo Buyeo Malda
부여모대 (扶餘牟大) 부여대 (扶餘大) 부여마모 (扶餘摩牟) 부여말다 (扶餘末多)
479–501
Dongseong Malda
동성왕 (東城王) 말다왕 (末多王)
25
Buyeo Sama Buyeo Yung
부여사마 (扶餘斯摩) 부여융 (扶餘隆)
501–523
Muryeong Sama
무령왕 (武寧王) 사마왕 (斯摩王)
26
Buyeo Myeongnong Buyeo Myeong
부여명농 (扶餘明禯) 부여명 (扶餘明)
523–554
Seong Myeong Seongmyeong
성왕 (聖王) 명왕 (明王) 성명왕 (聖明王)
27
Buyeo Chang
부여창 (扶餘昌)
554–598
Wideok Chang
위덕왕 (威德王) 창왕 (昌王)
28
Buyeo Gye
부여계 (扶餘季)
598–599
Hye Heon
혜왕 (惠王) 헌왕 (獻王)
29
Buyeo Seon Buyeo Hyosun
부여선 (扶餘宣) 부여효순 (扶餘孝順)
599–600
Beop
법왕 (法王)
30
Buyeo Jang Buyeo Seodong
부여장 (扶餘璋) 부여서동 (扶餘薯童)
600–641
Mu Mugang Mugwang
무왕 (武王) 무강왕 (武康王) 무광왕 (武廣王)
31
Buyeo Uija
부여의자 (扶餘義慈)
641–660
None
None
(32)
Buyeo Pung Buyeo Pungjang
부여풍 (扶餘豊) 부여풍장 (扶餘豊璋)
660–663
None
None
Silla
Kim
families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including
Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang . Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.
Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 혁거세 거서간 赫居世居西干 (57 BC – 4 AD)
Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 南解次次雄 (4–24)
Yuri Isageum 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (24–57) (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum , an old word for "ruler")
Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祇摩尼師今 (112–134)
Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan , an old word for "ruler")
Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祇麻立干 (417–458)
Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤知麻立干 (479–500)
King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
King Beopheung 법흥왕 法興王 (514–540)
King Jinheung 진흥왕 眞興王 (540–576)
King Jinji 진지왕 眞智王 (576–579)
King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平王 (579–632)
Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德王 (632–647)
Queen Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞德王 (647–654)
King Taejong Muyeol 태종무열왕 太宗武烈王 (654–661)
King Munmu 문무왕 文武王 (661–681)
King Sinmun 신문왕 神文王 (681–692)
King Hyoso 효소왕 孝昭王 (692–702)
King Seongdeok 성덕왕 聖德王 (702–737)
King Hyoseong 효성왕 孝成王 (737–742)
King Gyeongdeok 경덕왕 景德王 (742–765)
King Hyegong 혜공왕 惠恭王 (765–780)
King Seondeok 선덕왕 宣德王 (780–785)
King Wonseong 원성왕 元聖王 (785–798)
King Soseong 소성왕 昭聖王 (798–800)
King Aejang 애장왕 哀莊王 (800–809)
King Heondeok 헌덕왕 憲德王 (809–826)
King Heungdeok 흥덕왕 興德王 (826–836)
King Huigang 희강왕 僖康王 (836–838)
King Minae 민애왕 閔哀王 (838–839)
King Sinmu 신무왕 神武王 (839)
King Munseong 문성왕 文聖王 (839–857)
King Heonan 헌안왕 憲安王 (857–861)
King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景文王 (861–875)
King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康王 (875–886)
King Jeonggang 정강왕 定康王 (886–887)
Queen Jinseong 진성여왕 眞聖王 (887–897)
King Hyogong 효공왕 孝恭王 (897–912)
King Sindeok 신덕왕 神德王 (912–917)
King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景明王 (917–924)
King Gyeongae 경애왕 景哀王 (924–927)
King Gyeongsun 경순왕 敬順王 (927–935)
Gaya confederacy
The Gaya confederacy (42–562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").
Geumgwan Gaya
Geumgwan Gaya (42–532) was one of the Gaya confederacy .
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign[9]
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Suro
수로왕 (首露王)
42–199
2
Geodeung
거등왕 (居登王)
199–259
3
Mapum
마품왕 (麻品王)
259–291
4
Geojilmi
거질미왕 (居叱彌王)
291–346
5
Isipum
이시품왕 (伊尸品王)
346–407
6
Jwaji
좌지왕 (坐知王)
407–421
7
Chwihui
취희왕 (吹希王)
421–451
8
Jilji
질지왕 (銍知王)
451–492
9
Gyeomji
겸지왕 (鉗知王)
492–521
10
Guhyeong
구형왕 (仇衡王)
521–532
Daegaya
Daegaya (42–562) was one of the Gaya confederacy .
#
Portrait
Name
Period of reign
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Ijinasi
이진아시왕 (伊珍阿豉王)
42 AD–?
···
···
···
···
3 or 4
Geumnim
금림왕 (錦林王)
?–?
···
···
···
···
Unknown
Haji
하지왕 (荷知王)
?–?
···
···
···
···
6 or 7
Gasil
가실왕 (嘉悉王 or 嘉實王)
?–?
···
···
···
···
9
Inoe
이뇌왕 (異腦王)
?–?
10 or 16
Wolgwang or Doseolji
월광태자 (月光太子) or 도설지왕 (道設智王)
?–562
Tamna
Tamna (2337 BC(?)–938 AD) was an ancient local kingdom on the Jeju Island .
Balhae
Korean peninsula
.
#
Portrait
Personal name
Period of reign
Posthumous name (諡號)
Era name (年號)
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Dae Jo-yeong
대조영 (大祚榮)
698–719
Go
고왕 (高王)
None
None
2
Dae Mu-ye
대무예 (大武藝)
719–737
Mu
무왕 (武王)
Inan
인안 (仁安)
3
Dae Heum-mu
대흠무 (大欽茂)
737–793
Mun
문왕 (文王)
Daeheung Boryeok
대흥 (大興) 보력 (寶曆)
4
Dae Won-ui
대원의 (大元義)
793
None
None
None
None
5
Dae Hwa-yeo
대화여 (大華璵)
793–794
Seong
성왕 (成王)
Jungheung
중흥 (中興)
6
Dae Sung-rin
대숭린 (大嵩璘)
794–809
Gang
강왕 (康王)
Jeongryeok
정력 (正曆)
7
Dae Won-yu
대원유 (大元瑜)
809–812
Jeong
정왕 (定王)
Yeongdeok
영덕 (永德)
8
Dae Eon-ui
대언의 (大言義)
812–817?
Hui
희왕 (僖王)
Jujak
주작 (朱雀)
9
Dae Myeong-chung
대명충 (大明忠)
817?–818?
Gan
간왕 (簡王)
Taesi
태시 (太始)
10
Dae In-su
대인수 (大仁秀)
818?–830
Seon
선왕 (宣王)
Geonheung
건흥 (建興)
11
Dae Ijin
대이진 (大彝震)
830–857
Unknown
Unknown
Hamhwa
함화 (咸和)
12
Dae Geonhwang
대건황 (大虔晃)
857–871
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
13
Dae Hyeonseok
대현석 (大玄錫)
871–895
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
14
Dae Wihae
대위해 (大瑋瑎)
895–906
None
None
Unknown
Unknown
15
Dae Inseon
대인선 (大諲譔)
906–926
None
None
Unknown
Unknown
Later Baekje
Later Baekje (900–936) was founded by Kyŏn Hwŏn , who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Later Baekje met its downfall at the hands of Kyŏn Hwŏn himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Taejo of Goryeo to capture Kyŏn Sin-gŏm , who had betrayed his father, Kyŏn Hwŏn, and usurped the throne.
Later Goguryeo
Wang Geon, who established
Goryeo .
#
Portrait
Personal name
Period of reign
Era name (年號)
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Gung-ye
궁예 (弓裔)
901–918
Mutae Seongchaek Sudeok-Manse Jeong-gae
무태 (武泰) 성책 (聖冊) 수덕만세 (水德萬歲) 정개 (政開)
Goryeo dynasty
Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with
Gwangjong , rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."
The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong ) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong . Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available.
#
Portrait
Personal name
Period of reign
(Ps)
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P) /Posthumous name given by Mongols (MP)
Era name (年號)
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Wang Geon
왕건 (王建)
918–943
Yakcheon (C)
약천 (若天, C)
Taejo (T) Sinseong (P)
태조 (太祖, T) 신성 (神聖, P)
Cheonsu
천수 (天授)
2
Wang Mu
왕무 (王武)
943–945
Sunggeon (C)
승건 (承乾, C)
Hyejong Uigong (P)
혜종 (惠宗, T) 의공 (義恭, P)
3
Wang Yo
왕요 (王堯)
945–949
Uicheon (C)
의천 (義天, C)
Jeongjong
(T) Munmyeong (P)
정종 (定宗, T) 문명 (文明, P)
4
Wang So
왕소 (王昭)
949–975
Ilhwa (C)
일화 (日華, C)
Gwangjong (T) Daesung (P)
광종 (光宗, T) 대성 (大成, P)
Gwangdeok Junpung
광덕 (光德) 준풍 (峻豊)
5
Wang Ju
왕주 (王伷)
975–981
Jangmin (C)
장민 (長民, C)
Gyeongjong (T) Heonhwa (P)
경종 (景宗, T) 헌화 (獻和, P)
6
Wang Chi
왕치 (王治)
981–997
On-go (C)
온고 (溫古, C)
Seongjong (T) Munui (P)
성종 (成宗, T) 문의 (文懿, P)
7
Wang Song
왕송 (王訟)
997–1009
Hyosin (C)
효신 (孝伸, C)
Mokjong (T) Seonyang (P)
목종 (穆宗, T) 선양 (宣讓, P)
8
Wang Sun
왕순 (王詢)
1009–1031
Anse (C)
안세 (安世, C)
Hyeonjong (T) Wonmun (P)
현종 (顯宗, T) 원문 (元文, P)
9
Wang Heum
왕흠 (王欽)
1031–1034
Wonryang (C)
원량 (元良, C)
Deokjong (T) Gyeonggang (P)
덕종 (德宗, T) 경강 (敬康, P)
10
Wang Hyeong
왕형 (王亨)
1034–1046
Sinjo (C)
신조 (申照, C)
Jeongjong
(T) Yonghye (P)
정종 (靖宗, T) 용혜 (容惠, P)
11
Wang Hwi
왕휘 (王徽)
1046–1083
Chok-yu (C)
촉유 (燭幽, C)
Munjong (T) Inhyo (P)
문종 (文宗, T) 인효 (仁孝, P)
12
Wang Hun
왕훈 (王勳)
1083
Uigong (C)
의공 (義恭, C)
Sunjong (T) Seonhye (P)
순종 (順宗, T) 선혜 (宣惠, P)
13
Wang Un
왕운 (王運)
1083–1094
Gyecheon (C)
계천 (繼天, C)
Seonjong (T) Sahyo (P)
선종 (宣宗, T) 사효 (思孝, P)
14
Wang Uk
왕욱 (王昱)
1094–1095
None
None
Heonjong (T) Hoehyo (P)
헌종 (獻宗, T) 공상 (恭殤, P)
15
Wang Ong
왕옹 (王顒)
1095–1105
Cheonsang (C)
천상 (天常, C)
Sukjong (T) Myeonghyo (P)
숙종 (肅宗, T) 명효 (明孝, P)
16
Wang U
왕우 (王俁)
1105–1122
Semin (C)
세민 (世民, C)
Yejong (T) Munhyo (P)
예종 (睿宗, T) 문효 (文孝, P)
17
Wang Hae
왕해 (王楷)
1122–1146
Inpyo (C)
인표 (仁表, C)
Injong (T) Gonghyo (P)
인종 (仁宗, T) 공효 (恭孝, P)
18
Wang Hyeon
왕현 (王晛)
1146–1170
Ilsung (C)
일승 (日升, C)
Uijong (T) Janghyo (P)
의종 (毅宗, T) 장효 (莊孝, P)
19
Wang Ho
왕호 (王晧)
1170–1197
Jidan (C)
지단 (之旦, C)
Myeongjong (T) Gwanghyo (P)
명종 (明宗, T) 광효 (光孝, P)
20
Wang Tak
왕탁 (王晫)
1197–1204
Jihwa (C)
지화 (至華, C)
Sinjong (T) Jeonghyo (P)
신종 (神宗, T) 정효 (靖孝, P)
21
Wang Yeong
왕영 (王韺)
1204–1211
Bulpi (C)
불피 (不陂, C)
Huijong (T) Seonghyo (P)
희종 (熙宗, T) 성효 (成孝, P)
22
Wang O
왕오 (王祦)
1211–1213
Daehwa (C)
대화 (大華, C)
Gangjong (T) Wonhyo (P)
강종 (康宗, T) 원효 (元孝, P)
23
Wang Cheol
왕철 (王皞)
1213–1259
Cheon-u (C)
천우 (天祐, C)
Gojong (T) Anhyo (P) Chungheon (MP)
고종 (高宗, T) 안효 (安孝, P) 충헌 (忠憲, MP)
24
Wang Sik
왕식 (王禃)
1259–1274
Ilsin (C)
일신 (日新, C)
Wonjong (T) Sunhyo (P) Chunggyeong (MP)
원종 (元宗, T) 순효 (順孝, P) 충경 (忠敬, MP)
25
Wang Geo
왕거 (王昛)
1274–1298 1298-1308
None
None
Chungnyeol (MP) Gyeonghyo (P)
충렬 (忠烈, MP) 경효 (景孝, P)
26
Wang Jang
왕장 (王璋)
1298 1308–1313
Jungang (C) Iǰirbuka (M)
중앙 (仲昻, C) 익지례보화 (益知禮普花, M)
Chungseon (MP) Heonhyo (P)
충선 (忠宣, MP) 헌효 (憲孝, P)
27
Wang Do
왕도 (王燾)
1313–1330 1332–1339
Uihyo (C) Aratnašri (M)
의효 (宜孝, C) 아랄특눌실리 (阿剌忒訥失里, M)
Chungsuk (MP) Uihyo (P)
충숙 (忠肅, MP) 의효 (懿孝, P)
28
Wang Jeong
왕정 (王禎)
1330–1332 1339–1344
Buddhašri (M)
보탑실리 (寶塔實里, M)
Chunghye (MP) Heonhyo (P)
충혜 (忠惠, MP) 헌효 (獻孝, P)
29
Wang Heun
왕흔 (王昕)
1344–1348
Padma dorji (M)
팔사마타아지 (八思麻朶兒只, M)
Chungmok (MP) Hyeonghyo (P)
충목 (忠穆, MP) 현효 (顯孝, P)
30
Wang Jeo
왕저 (王㫝)
1348–1351
Čosgen dorji (M)
미사감타아지 (迷思監朶兒只, M)
Chungjeong (MP)
충정 (忠定, MP)
31
Wang Jeon
왕전 (王顓)
1351–1374
Bayan Temür (M) Ijae / Ikdang (Ps)
백안첩목아 (伯顔帖木兒, M) 이재 / 익당 (Ps)
Gongmin (P) Gyeonghyo (P)
공민 (恭愍, P) 경효 (敬孝, P)
32
Wang U
왕우 (王禑)
1374–1388
None
None
U
None
33
Wang Chang
왕창 (王昌)
1388–1389
None
None
Chang
None
34
Wang Yo
왕요 (王瑤)
1389–1392
None
None
Gongyang
공양 (恭讓, P)
Joseon dynasty
Main article:
List of Joseon monarchs
Joseon (1392–1910) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire , some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.
Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo ), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo ). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.
Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun , were not given temple names after their reigns ended.
Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.
#
Portrait
Personal name
Period of reign
Courtesy name (C) /Pseudonym (Ps)
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P)
Era name (年號)
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Yi Seong-gye Yi Dan
이성계 (李成桂) 이단 (李旦)
1392–1398
Gunjin (C) Songheon (Ps)
군진 (君晋, C) 송헌 (松軒, Ps)
Taejo (T) Emperor Go (P)
태조 (太祖, T) 신무 (神武, P) 고황제 (高皇帝, P)
2
Yi Bang-gwa Yi Gyeong
이방과 (李芳果) 이경 (李曔)
1398–1400
Gwangwon (C)
광원 (光遠, C)
Jeongjong (T) Gongjeong (P)
정종 (定宗, T) 공정 (恭靖, P)
3
Yi Bang-won
이방원 (李芳遠)
1400–1418
Yudeok (C)
유덕 (遺德, C)
Taejong (T) Gongjeong (P)
태종 (太宗, T) 공정 (恭定, P)
4
Yi Do
이도 (李祹)
1418–1450
Wonjeong (C)
원정 (元正, C)
Sejong (T) Jangheon (P)
세종 (世宗, T) 장헌 (莊憲, P)
5
Yi Hyang
이향 (李珦)
1450–1452
Hwiji (C)
휘지 (輝之, C)
Munjong (T) Gongsun (P)
문종 (文宗, T) 공순 (恭順, P)
6
Yi Hong-wi
이홍위 (李弘暐)
1452–1455
None
None
Danjong (T) Gongui (P)
단종 (端宗, T) 공의 (恭懿, P)
7
Yi Yu
이유 (李瑈)
1455–1468
Suji (C)
수지 (粹之, C)
Sejo (T) Hyejang (P)
세조 (世祖, T) 혜장 (惠莊, P)
8
Yi Hwang
이황 (李晄)
1468–1469
Myeingjo (C) Pyeongnam (C)
명조 (明照, C) 평남 (平南, C)
Yejong (T) Yangdo (P)
예종 (睿宗, T) 양도 (襄悼, P)
9
Yi Hyeol
이혈 (李娎)
1469–1494
None
None
Seongjong (T) Gangjeong (P)
성종 (成宗, T) 강정 (康靖, P)
10
Yi Yung
이융 (李㦕)
1494–1506
None
None
Yeonsangun
연산군 (燕山君)
11
Yi Yeok
이역 (李懌)
1506–1544
Nakcheon (C)
낙천 (樂天, C)
Jungjong (T) Gonghui (P)
중종 (中宗, T) 공희 (恭僖, P)
12
Yi Ho
이호 (李峼)
1544–1545
Cheonyun (C)
천윤 (天胤, C)
Injong (T) Yeongjeong (P)
인종 (仁宗, T) 영정 (榮靖, P)
13
Yi Hwan
이환 (李峘)
1545–1567
Daeyang (C)
대양 (對陽, C)
Myeongjong (T) Gongheon (P)
명종 (明宗, T) 공헌 (恭憲, P)
14
Yi Yeon
이연 (李昖)
1567–1608
None
None
Seonjo (T) Sogyeong (P)
선조 (宣祖, T) 소경 (昭敬, P)
15
Yi Hon
이혼 (李琿)
1608–1623
None
None
Gwanghaegun
광해군 (光海君)
16
Yi Jong
이종 (李倧)
1623–1649
Cheonyun (C) Hwabaek (C) Songchang (Ps)
천윤 (天胤, C) 화백 (和伯, C) 송창 (松窓, Ps)
Injo (T)
인조 (仁祖, T)
17
Yi Ho
이호 (李淏)
1649–1659
Jeongyeon (C) Juk-o (Ps)
정연 (靜淵, C) 죽오(竹梧, Ps)
Hyojong (T)
효종 (孝宗, T)
18
Yi Yeon
이연 (李棩)
1659–1674
Gyeongjik (C)
경직 (景直, C)
Hyeonjong (T)
현종 (顯宗, T)
19
Yi Sun
이순 (李焞)
1674–1720
Myeongbo (C)
명보 (明譜, C)
Sukjong (T)
숙종 (肅宗, T)
20
Yi Yun
이윤 (李昀)
1720–1724
Hwiseo (C)
휘서 (輝瑞, C)
Gyeongjong (T)
경종 (景宗, T)
21
Yi Geum
이금 (李昑)
1724–1776
Gwangsuk (C) Yangseongheon (Ps)
광숙 (光叔, C) 양성헌 (養性軒, Ps)
Yeongjo (T)
영조 (英祖, T)
22
Yi San
이산 (李祘)
1776–1800
Hyeongun (C) Hongjae (Ps)
형운 (亨運, C) 홍재 (弘齋, Ps)
Jeongjo (T)
정조 (正祖, T)
23
Yi Gong
이공 (李玜)
1800–1834
Gongbo (C) Sunjae (Ps)
공보(公寶, C) 순재 (純齋, Ps)
Sunjo (T)
순조 (純祖, T)
24
Yi Hwan
이환 (李烉)
1834–1849
Muneung (C) Wonheon (Ps)
문응 (文應, C) 원헌 (元軒, Ps)
Heonjong (T)
헌종 (憲宗, T)
25
Yi Byeon
이변 (李昪)
1849–1864
Doseung (C) Daeyongjae (Ps)
도승 (道升, C) 대용재 (大勇齋, Ps)
Cheoljong (T)
철종 (哲宗, T)
26
Yi Myeong-bok Yi Hui
이명복 (李命福) 이희 (李㷩)
1864–1897(1897–1907) *
Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps)
성림 (聖臨, C) 주연 (珠淵, Ps)
Gojong (T) *Emperor Tae (P) *
고종 (高宗, T) *태황제 (太皇帝, P) *
Gaeguk Geonyang Gwangmu *
개국 (開國) 건양 (建陽) 광무 (光武) *
* see Korean Empire section
Korean Empire
In 1897, King Gojong proclaimed Joseon to be the
, but the latter are commonly used.
#
Portrait
Personal name
Period of reign
Courtesy name (C) /Pseudonym (Ps)
Temple name (廟號) (T) / Posthumous name (諡號) (P)
Era name (年號)
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
Westernized
Hangul/Hanja
1
Yi Myeong bok Yi Hui
이명복 (李命福) 이희 (李㷩)
1897–1907
Seongrim (C) Juyeon (Ps)
성림 (聖臨, C) 주연 (珠淵, Ps)
Gojong (T) Emperor Tae (P)
고종 (高宗, T) 태황제 (太皇帝, P)
Gwangmu
광무 (光武)
2
Yi Cheok
이척 (李坧)
1907–1910
Gundang (C) Jeongheon (Ps)
군방 (君邦, C) 정헌 (正軒, Ps)
Sunjong (T) Emperor Hyo (P)
순종 (純宗, T) 효황제 (孝皇帝, P)
Yunghui
융희 (隆熙)
See also
Notes
^ Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second Yuri through fifth Mobon, whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
Samguk Yusa
, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."
^ The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of Posthumous name .
Samguk Sagi. The
Wei shu History of the Wei dynasty gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the
Northern Wei . The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.
^ Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
^ According to the Book of the Later Han , Taejo died in 121, and his son Chadae stepped up.
References
.
^
"An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."
"Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."
"Most [Korean historians] treat the [Tangun] myth as a later creation."
"The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."
"If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija."
^ Book of later Han,桓帝 延熹四年, 遣使朝賀貢獻. 永康元年,王夫台將二萬餘人寇玄菟, 玄菟太守公孫域擊破之, 斬首千餘級. 至靈帝 熹平三年, 復奉章貢獻. 夫餘本屬玄菟, 獻帝時, 其王求屬遼東云.
^ Record of three kingdoms,時句麗·鮮卑彊度以夫餘在二虜之間妻以宗女。尉仇台死簡位居立。
^ Record of three kingdoms,尉仇台死簡位居立無適子有孽子麻餘位居死諸加共立麻餘
^ Record of three kingdoms
^ "의려" . Encyclopedia of Korean Culture .
^ "의라" . Encyclopedia of Korean Culture .
- note: the dates for Geojilmi's reign go there until 344
Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed . .
Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun . New York: W.W. Norton. .
Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments . Seoul: Hollym. pp. 27–36. .
Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People . Hollym International. .
https://web.archive.org/web/20031006023320/http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
http://www.rulers.org