List of new religious movements
A
religious, ethical, or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern[clarification needed] origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions.[1]: 29 [2][3]
A NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to
communitarian enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that separates their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied.[4] Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million.[5]: 17 Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.[1]
: vii–xv
List
See also
- Governmental lists of cults and sects
- Hinduism-oriented new religious movements
- List of Christian denominations
- List of New Thought denominations and independent centers
- List of Neopagan movements
- List of religions and spiritual traditions
- List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement
- New religious movements in the United States
Bibliography
Main sources
- [Beit-Hallahmi 1992]ISBN 978-0-8239-1505-7.
- [Beit-Hallahmi 1997]ISBN 978-0-8239-2586-5.
- [Chryssides 2001]ISBN 978-0-8108-4095-9.
- [Chryssides 2006]ISBN 978-0-8108-5588-5.
- [Clarke 2006]ISBN 978-0-415-26707-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=heeCAgAAQBAJ.)
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help - [Jones & Ryan 2007] Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York:ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9 https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC.)
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help - [Lewis 1998]ISBN 978-1-57392-222-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=oVQUAQAAIAAJ.)
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help - [Melton 2003]ISBN 978-0-7876-6384-1.
- [Miller 1995]ISBN 978-0-7914-2397-4.
- [Nichols, Mather & Schmidt 2006] Nichols, Larry A.; Mather, George; Schmidt, Alvin J. (13 August 2006). Dictionary of cults, sects, and world religions (Rev. and updated ed.). Grand Rapids, MI:ISBN 978-0-310-23954-3.
Other selected sources
- Ashcraft, W. Michael (2018). Introduction to the Study of New Religious Movements. London: Routledge.
- ISBN 978-0-415-91202-0.
- ISBN 978-0-304-35592-1.
- Best, Felton O., ed. (1998). Black Religious Leadership from the Slave Community to the Million Man March; flames of fire. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
- Burgess, Stanley M.; van der Maas, Eduard M., eds. (2002). ISBN 0-310-22481-0.
- ISBN 0-7007-1185-6.
- Dawson, Andrew (2007). New Era, New Religions: Religious Transformation in Contemporary Brazil. ISBN 978-0-7546-5433-9.
- ISBN 978-0-19-542009-8.
- S2CID 162222699.
- ISBN 978-0-8308-2381-9.
- Fort, Samuel (2014). Cult of the Great Eleven. Nisirtu Press. ASIN B00OALI9O4.
- ISBN 978-0-275-98713-8.
- Gold, Lorna (2004). The Sharing Economy: Solidarity Networks Transforming Globalization. ISBN 978-0-7546-3345-7.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-3155-0.
- ISBN 978-1-56718-336-8.
- ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6.
- Hayes, Michael A. (2006). New Religious Movements in the Catholic Church. ISBN 978-0-8264-9357-6.
- Irons, Edward A. (2008). Encyclopedia of Buddhism (Encyclopedia of World Religions). New York: Checkmark Books. ISBN 978-0-8160-7744-1.
- Jones, Lindsay, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 15-volume Set (2nd ed.). Detroit, Mi: MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
- Klass, Morton; Weisgrau, Maxine K. (1999). Across the Boundaries of Belief: Contemporary Issues in the Anthropology of Religion. Boulder, Co; Oxford, UK: ISBN 978-0-8133-2695-5.
- Krogh, Marilyn; Pillifant, Brooke Ashley (2004). "Kemetic Orthodoxy: Ancient Egyptian Religion on the Internet: A Research Note". Sociology of Religion. 65 (2): 167–175. JSTOR 3712405.
- "Mini-Consultation on Reaching Mystics and Cultists". Lausanne Occasional Paper. 11 (1.e). 1980. Archived from the original on 2010-02-11.
- ISBN 978-1-57392-888-5.
- ISBN 978-1-57392-964-6.
- ISBN 978-1-59102-040-0.
- ISBN 0-19-514986-6.
- ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9.
- ISBN 978-90-04-29246-8.
- ISBN 978-0-19-046617-6.
- ISBN 978-0-7456-1489-2.
- Marhic, Renaud; Kerlidou, Alain (1996). Sectes & mouvements initiatiques en Bretagne: du celtisme au nouvel âge. Terre de brume editions. ISBN 978-2-908021-78-3.
- ISBN 978-2-8257-0877-4. Archivedfrom the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
- ISBN 0-8103-7159-6.
- ISBN 0-8153-0502-8.
- ISBN 0-8103-8878-2.
- ISBN 978-0-787-69696-2. (archive)
- ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
- Nelson, Geoffrey K. (1987). Cults, New Religions and Religious Creativity. London: ISBN 978-0-7102-0855-2.
- ISBN 978-0-19-522042-1.
- ISBN 978-0-415-26324-5.
- Peters, Shawn Francis (2008). When Prayer Fails: Faith Healing, Children, and the Law. New York: ISBN 978-0-19-530635-4.
- Ramstedt, Martin (2007). Kemp, Daren; ISBN 978-90-04-15355-4.
- Raphael, Melissa (April 1998). "Goddess Religion, Postmodern Jewish Feminism, and the Complexity of Alternative Religious Identities". .
- Reece, Gregory L. (2007). UFO Religion: Inside Flying Saucer Cults and Culture. ISBN 978-1-84511-451-0.
- Ryan, Charles J. (1975). H.P. Blavatsky and the Theosophical Movement. San Diego, Ca: Point Loma Publications. ISBN 0-913004-25-1.
- ISBN 978-0-7591-0356-6.
- ISBN 978-0-7879-0051-9.
- ISBN 978-0-415-92106-0.
- Strmiska, M.; Sigurvinsson, B. A. (2005). "Asatru: Nordic Paganism in Iceland and America". In Strmiska, M. (ed.). Modern Paganism in World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives. Santa Barbara, Ca; Denver, Co; Oxford: ISBN 978-1-85109-608-4.
- Swenson, Donald (2009). Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. North York, Ontario: ISBN 978-0-8020-9680-7.
- Tamura, Yoshiro (2001). Japanese Buddhism: A Cultural History. Kosei Publishing Company. ISBN 978-4-333-01684-6.
- Tucker, Ruth A. (2004). Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. ISBN 978-0-310-25937-4.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-4873-3.
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8039-8003-7.
- ^ Nelson 1987, p. 107.
- ^ Swenson 2009, p. 206.
- ^ Coney, Judith (June 1998). "A Response to: Religious Liberty in Western Europe by Massimo Introvigne, Vol. 5, No. 2". ISKCON Communications Journal. 6 (1).
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-20049-3.
- ISSN 1528-0268.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-4095-9.
- ^ Omoyajowo 1995, pp. xv, 113.
- ^ (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8264-3890-4.
- ^ "Sect of roch Theriault - Cults". 2014-02-02. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ "Holy Moses Mountain Family – WRSP".
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6.
- ^ "Apostles of Infinite Love – WRSP".
- ^ Strmiska and Sigurvinsson 2005, pp. 127–180.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-687-38703-8.
- S2CID 251263977.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-515683-6.
- ^ Saliba, 2003, p. 171.
- ^ Partridge, 2004, p. 261.
- ISBN 0-304-35592-5.
- ^ a b Encyclopædia Iranica 1989, "Babism".
- ^ Garnett, Richard (1878), , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
- ^ "History of the Baháʼí Faith". ReligionFacts. Archived from the original on 2019-05-28. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
- ^ "Dr. Frederick Kettner". Biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
- ^ "Objectives of Biosophy". Biosophicalinstitute.tripod.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-29.
- ^ ]
- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-08955-5.
- ^ ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
- ^ a b c Kopf, David (1979). The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- ISBN 978-1-59337-483-9.
- ^ "Eberhard Arnold: Founder of the Bruderhof". www.eberhardarnold.com. Archived from the original on 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
- ^ a b "The Way Of The Cross". 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-04-02. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
- doi:10.1080/1361736042000245295. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2005-05-10.
- ^ ISBN 0-310-22481-0.
- ^ "The Religious Movements Homepage: Chen Tao". 2005-10-29. Archived from the original on 2005-10-29. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
- ^ Scott, Robert (2005). Unholy Sacrifice.
- ISBN 978-1-4696-1111-2. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2020-07-21.
- ISBN 978-0-19-515682-9.
- ISBN 978-0-7591-0356-6.
- ^ "Church of Euthanasia – WRSP".
- ^ "About Us". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite). Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
- ISBN 978-1-56718-336-8.
- ^ "Pastafarian recognized in Texas ID". nydailynews.com. 25 August 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ Atheist, Friendly. "Thanks to a Technicality, Pastafarianism is Now an Official Religion in Poland!". patheos.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ISBN 978-1-57607-218-9.
- ^ In 1955, Reverend Moon established the Collegiate Association for the Research of the Principle (CARP). CARP is now active on many campuses in the United States and has expanded to over eighty nations. This association of students promotes intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view." [1] Archived 2018-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "The Concerned Christians cult". eligioustolerance.org. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
- ^ ISBN 0-415-30203-X.
- ^ Robinson 2005.
- ^ Van Bruinessen 2007, p. 258.
- ^ "Discordianism". World Religions and Spirituality. Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
- ^ a b Dunn, Emily (2008). "'Cult,' Church, and the CCP: Introducing Eastern Lightning". Modern China. 35.
- ^ a b Dunn, Emily (2015). Title: Lightning From the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China. Boston: Brill.
- S2CID 144098003.
- ^ a b c d Irons, Edward (2018). "The List: The Evolution of China's Illegal and Evil Cults". The Journal of the Center for Studies on New Religions.
- ISBN 978-1-107-42374-9.
- ^ Dunn, Emily (2015). Lightning from the East: Heterodoxy and Christianity in Contemporary China. Brill.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-77336-2.
- ^ Smith, Geraldine. "The Millenialists Project: A Comparative Study Between the End of Time Survivors and Survivalism in Western Modernity". AASR. Australian Association of Study of Religion. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- ^ Smith, Geraldine. "Conference Program/ New Religious Movements/ The Millenialists Project: A Comparative Study Between the End of Time Survivors and Survivalism in Western Modernity". Australian Association for the Study of Religion. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-8147-3060-7.
- ^ See:
* Ramstedt 2007, p. 6. "How can one find a definition of 'New Age' that will serve to bring so many different features together? One major difficulty in defining 'New Age' is that different writers draw different boundaries. Paul Heelas, for example, includes a significant number of what he calls the 'self religions': groups like Landmark Forum (also known simply as The Forum, formerly est or Erhard Seminar Training) and Programmes Limited (formerly Exegesis). Some writers trace the New Age back to William Blake (1757–1827); others see it as originating in the 'hippie' counter-culture in the USA in the 1960s, while the scholar of the New Age, Wouter Hanegraaff, places it later still, regarding it as beginning in the second half of the 1970s." - ISBN 978-90-6550-867-6.
- ^ See:
* Lewis 2004, p. 187. "These two opposing strategies of new religious movements for delivering compensators I will term 'compensation delivery systems' (CDS). The gradual CDS can best be described as religion as a multi-level marketing (MLM) tactic – a term I take from the business world [...] Exemplars of new religious movements with a gradual CDS are Scientology and Erhard Seminar Training in its various manifestations."
* Saliba 2003, p. 88. "Many of the new religions attract individuals by the promise of peace of mind, spiritual well-being, gratifying experiences, and material success. In so doing they stress their concern for the individual and highlight one's personal worth and self-development. This is especially so in human growth movements such as Scientology, The Forum (previously known as Erhard Seminar Training [EST]), and qualsi-religious encounter groups." - ISBN 978-0-415-06432-3.
- ^ See"
* Nelson 1987, p. 177. "Finally his study of EST (Erhard Systems Training) provides an insight into the work of the human potential movement which aims at self realisation."
* Puttick 2004, p. 406. "est was one of the most successful manifestations of the human potential movement (HPM) ..." - ^ "Tropical Promised Land: New Israelites of the Amazon". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2021-02-11. Retrieved 2021-04-06.
- ^ Lewis 2004, p. 195.
- ^ a b Melton 2009, p. 676.
- ^ Ellwood 1971.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
- ^ Peters 2008, pp. 186–187.
- ^ a b Irons 2008, p. 206.
- ^ "Fundamentalist Latter-Day Saints (1843-2002) – WRSP".
- ^ Macaskill, Grace (27 January 2018). "Desperate parents forcing kids to drink bleach to cure autism in sick cult". mirror.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ Zapotosky, Matt (10 March 2016). "This church's cancer-curing elixir is really bleach, federal authorities say". Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
- ^ David Ono; Lisa Bartley (28 October 2016). "'Church of Bleach': ABC News confronts founder of Genesis II Church". ABC7. Archived from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "Husband Says Fringe Church's 'Miracle Cure' Killed His Wife". ABC News. 29 October 2016. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ "New Zealand Cults, Sects, Religions, Christian Organisations, and other groups". www.cults.co.nz. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ Global Leadership Council Archived 2011-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer 2008.
- ^ ISBN 0-7007-1185-6.
- ^ a b Partridge, 2004, p. 406.
- ^ Zeller, Benjamin (2014). Heaven's Gate: America's UFO Religion. New York: New York University Press.
- OCLC 891589634.
- ^ Baffelli, Erica (2012). "Hikari no Wa: A New Religion Recovering from Disaster". Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 39.
- ^ Nishani Frazier. "The "Other" Jim Jones: Rabbi David Hill, House of Israel, and Black American Religion in the Age of Peoples Temple". San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2021-11-23.
- ^ Brad Hunter (February 6, 2021). "CRIME HUNTER: Mexican ritual killers worshipped 'saint'". Toronto Sun.
- ^ "'The Mystic' Is Coming to London". vice.com. 30 January 2013. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ^ Muilu, Jaakko (October 28, 2023). "Sata ihmistä muutti Lappiin ekokulttiin, jossa lapsilla oli 13 äitiä ja 13 isää - näin utopia paratiisista muuttui painajaiseksi" [A hundred people moved to Lapland into an eco-cult where children had 13 mothers and 13 fathers - how a utopia of paradise turned into a nightmare]. Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved October 29, 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84465-662-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-67389-1.
- ^ Gallagher 2006, p. 86.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-29246-8.
- ^ "The cult of Kalki by Narendra Nayak". mm-gold.azureedge.net. Archived from the original on 2021-02-10. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
- ^ "The Cult of Kalki Bhagavan". Open The Magazine. 2019-11-01. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2021-10-11.
- ^ Krogh 2004, p. 167.
- ^ "Jiddu Krishnamurti". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
- ^ Tucker 2004, pp. 360–362.
- ^ "Watch Our New Documentary About 'Love Has Won', a Group Former Members Call a Cult". www.vice.com. 23 March 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ "What we know about the Love Has Won 'cult' whose leader was found mummified in Colorado". The Independent. 2021-05-04. Archived from the original on 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2021-05-04.
- ^ Hinfelaar, Hugo. "WOMEN'S REVOLT: THE LUMPA CHURCH OF LENSHINA MULENGA IN THE 1950S." Journal of Religion in Africa, v. 21 issue 2, 1991, pp. 99–129.
- OCLC 15164618.
- ^ Olav Hammer: Danish Esotericism in the 20th Century. The Case of Martinus. Amsterdam University Press 2009.
- ^ Western Esotericism in Scandinavia. Edited by Henrik Bogdan and Olav Hammer.
- ^ Byskov, Else: Death is an illusion. Paragon House 2002.
- ^ Nelson, William E. Jr. (1998). "Black Church Politics and The Million Man March". In Best, Felton O. (ed.). Black Religious Leadership from the Slave Community to the Million Man March; flames of fire. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
- ISBN 4-7877-0207-6.
- ^ Marhic 1996, pp. 25–29.
- ^ a b c d e f Walliss, John (2005). Apocalyptic Trajectories: Millenarianism And Violence In The Contemporary World. Bern: Peter Lang.
- ISBN 0-525-24946-X.
- ^ Enroth 2005, p. 169.
- ISBN 978-0-313-31502-2.
- ISBN 0-203-50833-5.
- ISBN 978-0-304-35592-1.
- ^ "The Society for the Greater Community Way of Knowledge". Archived from the original on 2008-11-22.
- ^ Roberts, Michael (2011-02-04). "Marshall Vian Summers's latest message from God coming Sunday from Boulder". Westword. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- Kopelman Foundation. Archivedfrom the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
- ^ Kress, Michael (2018). "The Modern Noahide Movement". My Jewish Learning. Archived from the original on 2015-05-12. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
- Project MUSE.
- ^ Palmer, Susan. The Nuwaubian Nation: Black Spirituality and State Control (Farnham: Ashgate, 2010).
- ^ Bailey, Julius H. "The Final Frontier: Secrecy, Identity, and the Media in the Rise and Fall of the United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors". Journal of the American Academy of Religion 74, no. 2 (2006): 302–23.
- ^ "City and Suburban News: New York, Brooklyn, Long Island, Staten Island, New Jersey" (PDF). The New York Times. 1883-11-26. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-09. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
- ^ Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 257.
- ^ "Oneida Community – WRSP".
- ^ Gold 2004, p. 46.
- S2CID 54019773.
- ^ Walsh 2004, pp. 174, 180–182.
- ISBN 978-0-415-27754-9.
- ^ Hayes 2006, pp. 16, 18–19
- ^ Velzer, Ryan Van. "Immortality eludes People Unlimited founder". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ Reiterman 1982, pp. 49–52
- ^ Mayer 2004, pp. 123–143.
- ISBN 978-90-04-28828-7.
- OCLC 21043920.
- ISBN 978-0-415-21784-2. Archivedfrom the original on 2022-08-04. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
- ^ Singer 1995, pp. 45, 120.
- ^ York 2004, p. 105.
- ^ Dawson 2006, p. 3.
- ^ Partridge 2004, pp. 62–64.
- ^ Tamura 2001, pp. 203–204.
- ^ INFORM 2001.
- ^ a b Popov, Igor (2017). Buku rujukan semua aliran dan perkumpulan agama di Indonesia [The Reference Book on All Religious Branches and Communities in Indonesia] (in Indonesian). Singaraja: Toko Buku Indra Jaya. Archived from the original on 2021-12-23. Retrieved 2021-12-23.
- ISSN 2213-4379.
- LCCN 2011009177.
- ^ "Mexico's Top Two Santa Muerte Leaders Finally Meet". HuffPost. 2015-10-06. Archived from the original on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2022-08-04.
- ^ Lewis 2003, p. 42.
- ^ Reece 2007, pp. 182–186.
- ^ Partridge 2003, pp. 188, 263–265.
- ^ Beźnic Sz., Zbór Leczenia Duchem Świętym "Niebo", in: E.Barker, Nowe ruchy religijne, Nomos, Kraków 1997, p. 299–301.
- ^ Raphael 1998, pp. 198–215.
- ^ a b Ownby, David (2015). "Redemptive Societies in Twentieth Century China". In Goosaert, Vincent; Kiely, Jan; Lagerway, John (eds.). Modern Chinese Religion, 1850–1950. Leiden: Brill Publishers.
- ^ Mayer 1993, p. 213.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4724-6027-1.
- ^ Wilson 1999, p. 10.
- ISBN 978-0-253-33315-5.
- from the original on 2014-10-08. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
Bard helped to found Syntheism in 2012. It is based on the idea that if man creates God, then it's about time we created a religion relevant to the 21st century.
- from the original on 2020-12-15. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
- ^ The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements, Volume 2; James R. Lewis, Inga B. Tollefsen; Oxford University Press, 2016; pgs. 441-453
- ^ "Why the Satanic Temple Is Opening Its Doors to American Muslims". Esquire. 2015-11-21. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-12-02.
co-founded the Temple in 2012 ... The Satanic Temple is an openly atheistic religion that Mesner says does not advocate for any supernatural belief. Really, the "Satanic" term is only there because they have the right to use it, as does any other religion.
- ^ "The Satanic Temple to open international headquarters in Salem". Fox 25 News Boston. 2016-09-16. Archived from the original on 2016-10-21. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
- ^ "Bashir: Satanists hail Florida Gov. Rick Scott". MSNBC. 2013-01-14. Archived from the original on 2018-01-16. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
- ^ Roy, Jessica (April 17, 2014). "The Rapture of the Nerds". Newsfeed – Faith. Time Inc. Network. Archived from the original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- ^ "The Family (Australia) – WRSP".
- ^ ISBN 0-913004-25-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-06-092883-4.
- ^ Lyon 2000, p. 106.
- ^ "Montreal Religious Sites Project". mrsp.mcgill.ca. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-6194-7.
- ^ Johnson, Benton in Klass and Weisgrau 1999, p. 377.
- ^ Smith and Prokopy 2003, p. 279–280.
- ^ (Fraternite Blanche Universelle) Mayer 1993, p. 370.
- ^ Dawson 2007, pp. 48–49.
- ^ UK Government (24 August 2011). "The Way of the Livingness, The Religion of the Soul Trust: Charity Commission decision". UK Gov. Charity Commission. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
- ^ Turner, Liana (February 22, 2019). "UM hits back at media". Northern Star. NSW. Archived from the original on June 20, 2019. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
- ^ Leser, David (2012-08-25). "The Da Vinci Mode". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australia. Archived from the original on 2015-01-15. Retrieved December 27, 2014.
- ^ Gardell 2004, pp. 205–206
- ^ "Two sons of Rev. Moon have split from his church — and their followers are armed". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-05-22. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
- ^ "The cultlike church behind a ceremony with AR-15s and bullet crowns, explained". March 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
External links
- Diskus The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies
- Hartford Institute of Religious Research: New religious movements
- Introvigne, Massimo (June 15, 2001). "The Future of Religion and the Future of New Religions". Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- Online texts about NRMs
- SSSR Resolution on New Religious Groups
- Douglas Cowan The New Religious Movements Homepage@The University of Virginia
- Religious Movements in the United States: An Informal Introduction