List of papal conclaves
There have been 110 papal elections that have produced popes currently recognized by the Catholic Church as legitimate. There was no fixed process for papal succession before 1059 and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointment. Since the promulgation of In nomine Domini (1059), however, suffrage has been limited to the College of Cardinals.[1]
Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of papal conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi periculum (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.
Although the
1314–16
.
Papal elections
- Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.
See also
- Conclave
- List of living cardinals
Notes
- ^ Johannes Baptist Sägmüller, "Cardinal" in Catholic Encyclopedia (1913).
- ^ a b Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigid Secrecy Found in Papal Elections". Catholic Historical Review. Vol. 89, Issue 2. pp. 165–181.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 19–24.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 24–25.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 25–26.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 26.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 26–27.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 27–28.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 28–29.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 29–31.
- ^ a b c d Baumgartner, 2003, p. 31.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 31–32.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 32–33.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 33.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 33–34.
- ^ a b c d Baumgartner, 2003, p. 34.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 34–35.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35–36.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 36.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 36–37.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 37–39.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 40.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 40–41.
- ISBN 1-58051-135-X.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 41.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 42.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 42–43.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 43.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 43–45.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 45–46.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 47–48.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 48–49.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 49–50.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 50–51.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 51.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 52–53.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 54.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 54–55.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 55-60.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 60–61.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 61.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 62.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 62–63.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 63.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 63–64.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 64–66.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 67.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 68–69.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 41: pp. 322–326
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 69.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 70.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 71–73.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 73–77.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 77–79.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 79–81.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 81–83.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 84–85.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 86–89.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 89.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 91–93.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 95–98.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 98-101.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 102–103.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 104–110.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 111–112.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 112–113.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 116–120.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 121–123.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 125–126.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 127–130.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 132–134.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 134–135.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 136.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 136–138.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 139–142.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 142.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 143–145.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 147–149.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 153–154.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 155–157.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 157–159.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 159–161.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 161–162.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 163–164.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 164–166.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 167.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 168–170.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 170–171.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 171–173.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 173–175.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 175–176.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 176–178.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 179–180.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 182–184.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 186–187.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 188–189.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 189–190.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 191–193.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 195–199.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 201–204.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 206–208.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 209–210.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 212–213.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 215–218.
- ^ Baumgartner, 2003, p. 219–222.
- ^ a b Baumgartner, 2003, p. 223–227.
- ISBN 0-316-86149-9.
- ^ Lyman, Eric J. (1 March 2013). "Vatican summons cardinals for conclave". USA Today. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ "Argentine Cardinal Bergoglio elected pope, takes name Francis". 13 March 2013.
References
- Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.