List of people from Karnataka
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This is a list of notable people from Karnataka, India. In order to be included, a person of influence needs only to have been born in Karnataka. This article can be expanded to accommodate newly surfacing information.
Arts and entertainment
Cinema
- Ambareesh
- Ananth Nag
- Aniruddha Jatkar
- Aishwarya rai
- Ananya Kasaravalli
- Anuradha Paudwal
- Anushka Shetty
- Arati Ankalikar-Tikekar
- Arjun Sarja
- Aruna Balraj
- Arthi
- Atul Kulkarni
- A. T. Raghu
- B. Saroja Devi
- B. C. Patil
- B. S. Ranga
- B. V. Karanth
- Bala
- Balakrishna
- Balaraj
- Bank Janardhan
- Bharathi Vishnuvardhan
- Bhargavi Narayan
- Bhavana
- Bhavani Prakash
- Bianca Desai
- Chandrika
- Chandulal Jain
- Chetan Kumar
- Darshan Tugudeep
- Daisy Bopanna
- Deepika Padukone
- Devaraj
- Dinesh
- Dingri Nagaraj
- Dwarakesh
- Ere Gowda
- Ganesh
- Ganesh Hegde
- G. V. Iyer
- Geetha
- Girish Karnad
- Girish Kasaravalli
- Gulshan Devaiah
- Guru Dutt
- Hansika Motwani
- Harshika Poonacha
- Hema Bellur
- Hema Prabhath
- Honnavalli Krishna
- Jaggesh
- Jayant Kaikini
- Kalpana
- Kalyan Kumar
- Kashinath
- Keerthiraj
- Keerthi Bhat
- Kunigal Nagabhushan
- Lakshmi Chandrashekar
- Lakshmi Rai
- Leelavathi
- Leena Chandavarkar
- Lokesh
- M. S. Sathyu
- Madhuri Itagi
- Mandeep Roy
- Manjula
- Master Hirannaiah
- Master Manjunath
- Michael Madhu
- Milind Gadagkar
- Mohan
- Mysore Lokesh
- Nagathihalli Chandrashekar
- Narasimharaju
- Negro Johnny
- Nidhi Subbaiah
- Nirmala Chennappa
- Nishan K. P. Nanaiah
- Padma Vasanthi
- Padmaja Rao
- Pandari Bai
- Pattabhirama Reddy, settler
- Pooja Lokesh
- Pradeep Uppoor
- Prakash Rai
- Prabhu Deva, settler
- Pramila Joshai
- Prathap
- Prema
- Puneeth Rajkumar
- Puttana Kanagal
- Raam Reddy
- Radhika Pandit
- Raghavendra Rajkumar
- Rajanikanth
- Rajesh Krishnan, settler
- Rajkumar
- Raju Sundaram, settler
- Raj B. Shetty
- Rakshita
- Ramesh Arvind
- Ram Kumar
- Ramu
- Ramya
- Ravichandran, settler
- Raju Talikote
- Rashmi
- Rashmika Mandanna
- Rekha Das
- Rockline Venkatesh
- Rohit Shetty
- Roopa Iyer, settler
- R.T. Rama
- Sarigama Viji
- Sakshi Shivanand
- Sanchita Shetty
- Sandeep Chowta
- Sanketh Kashi
- Sathyabhama
- Satyajith
- Shamita Shetty
- Shani Mahadevappa
- Shankar Nag
- Shanthamma
- Shashi Kumar
- Shivarajkumar
- Shilpa Shetty
- Shobraj
- Shraddha Srinath
- Shruti Naidu
- Shylaja Nag
- Sihi Kahi Chandru
- Sihi Kahi Geetha
- Sneha Ullal
- Soundarya
- Srinivas Prabhu
- Sudha Baragur
- Sudha Belawadi
- Sudha Narasimharaju
- Sunil
- Srimurali
- Srinath
- Sudha Rani
- Sudheer
- Suman Nagarkar
- Suman Ranganathan
- Sundar Krishna Urs
- Sundar Raj
- Sunil Shetty
- Sunil Kumar Desai
- Sudeepa
- Syed Aman Bachchan
- T. S. Nagabharana
- Tara
- Tiger Prabhakar
- Umashri
- Upendra
- Vajramuni
- Vaishali Desai
- Vasundhara Das
- Vanishree
- Vijay Kashi
- Vinayak Joshi
- Vishnuvardhan
- Yashwant Sardeshpande
Theatre
Ancient architecture and sculpture
- Amarashilpi Jakanachari
- Gundan Anivaritachari
- Ruvari Malithamma
Modern and contemporary art, art criticism
Music
Classical music - Carnatic
- Gopala Dasa
- Harikesanallur Muthayya Bhagavathar
- Jagannatha Dasa
- Kadri Gopalnath
- Jyotsna Srikanth
- Kanakadasa
- Maharaja Jayachamaraja Wadiyar
- Dr.Mysore Manjunath
- Mysore Sadasiva Rao
- Mysore V. Ramarathnam
- Mysore Vasudevacharya
- Mysore Nagaraj
- N. Ravikiran
- Purandaradasa
- R. K. Srikanthan
- R.R. Keshavamurthy
- Sripadaraya
- T. Chowdiah
- Vadiraja
- Vijaya Dasa
- Vyasatirtha
- Doraiswamy Iyengar
- Adarsh Iyengar
- Veene Sheshanna
- Vittal Ramamurthy
- Ghatam Udupa
- K. V. Krishna Prasad
- B. Shankar Rao
- Anoor Anantha Krishna Sharma
- M. S. Sheela
- Vidyabhushana
Classical music - Hindustani
- Basavaraja Rajaguru, vocal
- Bhimsen Joshi, vocal
- Bapu Padmanabha, bansuri
- S. Ballesh, vocal and shehnai
- Ganapati Bhat, vocal
- Gangubai Hangal, vocal
- Gururao Deshpande, vocal
- Jayateerth Mevundi, vocal
- Kumar Gandharva, vocal
- Lalith J. Rao, vocal
- Madhava Gudi, vocal
- Mallikarjun Mansur, vocal
- Milind Chittal, vocal
- Nachiketa Sharma, vocal
- Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, vocal
- Pravin Godkhindi, bansuri
- Puttaraja Gawai, vocal
- Rajeev Taranath, sarod
- Sanjeev Chimmalgi, vocal
- Sangeetha Katti, vocal
- Sawai Gandharva, vocal
- Shobha Gurtu, vocal
- Smita Bellur, vocal
- Taranath Ram Rao Hattiangadi, tabla
- Pandit Venkatesh Kumar, vocal
- Vinayak Torvi, vocal
- Keshav Ginde, flute
- Madhav Gudi, vocal
- Panchakshari Gawai, vocal
Modern musicians
- Mysore Ananthaswamy, bhavageete
- P. Kalinga Rao, bhavageete
- Pandit Narasimhalu Vadavati
- vocal
- Mysore Manjunath
- Pravin Godkhindi, flute
- Shimoga Subbanna, Sugama Sangeetha
- C. Ashwath, Sugama Sangeetha
- Balappa Hukkeri, folklore
- G.V. Atri, bhavageete
- Ganesh Hegde, choreography
- Biddu Appaiah, composer
- Bapu Padmanabha, flute
Film music
- Anoop Seelin
- Arjun
- B. V. Karanth
- C. Ashwath
- G. K. Venkatesh
- G. V. Iyer, settler
- Gurukiran
- S. Ballesh, playback singer, music director, shehnai
- Hamsalekha
- Jayant Kaikini
- Mano Murthy
- Rajan–Nagendra
- Ravichandran
- Sadhu Kokila
- Sandeep Chowta
- Shankar–Ganesh
- V. Harikrishna
- V. Manohar
- Vijaya Bhaskar
- Raghu Dixit
- Bapu Padmanabha
Film singers
Dance
Fashion
Kings and nobles
- Aliya Rama Raya
- Abbakka Rani
- Amoghavarsha I
- Basaveshwara
- Bijjala II
- Bukka Raya I
- Butuga II
- Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar
- Chamundaraya
- Chand Bibi
- Devaraya I
- Deva Raya II
- Dhruva Dharavarsha
- Durvinita
- Govinda III
- Hyder Ali
- Harihara I
- Ibrahim Adil Shah II
- Indra III
- Jayachamaraja Wodeyar
- Kempe Gowda
- Krishna III
- Krishnadeva Raya
- Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV
- Madakari Nayaka
- Mayuravarma
- Pulakesi II
- Rani Chennamma of Keladi
- Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya
- Sangolli Rayanna, army chief of the Kingdom of Kittur
- Tailapa II
- Tippu Sultan
- Veera Ballala II
- Veera Ballala III
- Vikramaditya II
- Vikramaditya VI
- Vishnuvardhana
Industrialists and businesspeople
- A. B. Shetty, founder of Vijaya Bank
- Ammembal Subba Rao Pai, founder of Canara Bank
- B. R. Shetty, NMC Group
- Deccan Aviation
- Gururaj Deshpande, venture capitalist
- K. V. Kamath, managing director and CEO of ICICI Bank
- Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Biocon India Ltd.
- N. R. Narayana Murthy, Infosys Technologies, Ltd.
- N S Narendra, founder of FirePro
- Nandan Nilekani, Infosys Technologies, Ltd.
- Phaneesh Murthy, iGATE Global Solutions, Ltd.
- R. N. Shetty, Murdeshwar Group
- T. M. A. Pai, co-founder of Syndicate Bank and Manipal Academy of Higher Education
- Cafe Coffee Day
- Vaman Srinivas Kudva, co-founder of Syndicate Bank
- UB Group
- Vijay Sankeshwar, Vijayanand Group
- Vittal Mallya, UB Group
- Pradeep Kar, Microland
- Ashok Kheny, NICE
- Thumbay Moideen, founder of Thumbay Group and Gulf Medical University
Health care
- Dr. H. Sudarshan Ballal
- Dr. C. N. Manjunath, cardiologist
- Dr. M. C. Modi, eye surgeon
- Dr. Sharan Patil, orthopaedic surgeon
- Dr. Y. G. Parameshwara
- Dr. Devi Shetty, cardiovascular surgeon
Science and technology
Science
- C. N. R. Rao, chemistry
- C. R. Rao, statistics
- N. K. Naik, Professor Emeritus at IIT Bombay
- M. C. Modi, ophthalmology
- Narayan Hosmane, biochemistry, cancer research
- Raja Ramanna, physics
- Roddam Narasimha, aerospace, atmospheric sciences
- U. R. Rao, space science
- M.L. Kulkarni, pediatrician
- B. N. Suresh
- S. K. Shivkumar
- K. N. Shankara
- S. G. Balekundri
- Nandan Nilekani
- Sudha Murthy
- Vivek Kulkarni
- Narayan Hosmane
- Gururaj Deshpande
Mathematics
- D. C. Pavate
- Mahaviracharya
- Shakuntala Devi
Technology
- Arun Netravali, Bell Lab
- Kumar Malavalli, co-founder of Brocade Communication Systems
- Sir M. Visvesvaraya
Engineering
- Rajeshwari Chatterjee, Karnataka's first female engineer[3]
- S. S. Murthy, Electrical engineer
Economics
Literature
Classical writers
- Nripatunga Amoghavarsha
- Asaga
- Ranna, 10th-century poet
- Janna
- Adikavi Pampa
- Sri Ponna
- Shivakotiacharya
- Muddana, 19th-century poet and author
- Andayya, 13th-century writer
- Gangadevi, 14th-century poet and author
- Kumaravyasa
- Harihara, poet
- Lakshmisha(Jaimeni Bharatha in Kannada)
- Raghavanka
- Rudrabhatta
- Basavanna
- Akka Mahadevi
- Sarvajna
- Tirumalamba
- Purandaradasa
- Kanakadasa
- Trivikrama Panditacharya
- Narayana Panditacharya
- Kumudendu Muni, author of Siribhoovalaya
- Shishunaala Sharif Saheba, first Muslim poet in Kannada literature
Modern writers
- A.N. Krishna Rao
- Anupama Niranjana
- Man Booker Prizein 2008
- B. G. L. Swamy
- B. M. Srikantaiah
- Beechi, comedian from Bellary District
- Chandrashekhara Kambara
- Da. Ra. Bendre
- D. Javare Gowda
- Jayalakshmi Seethapura
- D. V. Gundappa
- G. P. Rajarathnam
- Girish Karnad
- Gopalakrishna Adiga
- Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar
- Ha Ma Nayak
- H. S. Krishnaswamy Iyengar
- K. S. Narasimhaswamy
- K. S. Nissar Ahmed
- K. Anantharamu
- Kota Shivarama Karanth
- Kuvempu
- M. Govinda Pai
- Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar
- Maya Kamath, political cartoonist
- P. Lankesh
- Panchakshari Hiremath
- A.K. Ramanujan
- Poornachandra Tejaswi
- P. T. Narasimhachar
- R. C. Hiremath
- R. K. Narayan, settler
- Raja Rao
- S. Srikanta Sastri
- S. L. Bhyrappa
- Shatavadhani Dr. R. Ganesh
- Shashi Deshpande
- T. P. Kailasam
- T. R. Subba Rao
- T. N. Srikantaiah
- U. R. Ananthamurthy
- V. K. Gokak
- Yashwant Chittal
- Ferdinand Kittel
- Dinakara Desai
- Venkatesh Galaganath
Politicians
- K.C. Reddy, former Chief Minister
- Kadidal Manjappa, former Chief Minister
- Kengal Hanumanthaiah, former Chief Minister
- Siddaramaiah, former Chief Minister
- Shantaveri Gopala Gowda, Socialist leader, former MLA
- S. Nijalingappa, former Chief Minister
- Devaraj Urs, former Chief Minister
- Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, freedom fighter
- Vice-President
- Gudleppa Hallikeri, freedom fighter, former Chairman of the Legislative Council.
- M.N. Jois, freedom fighter, former M.L.C, Dy Speaker of Legislative Council
- Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga, former Law Minister; former Speaker, Mysore State
- Gundu Rao, former Chief Minister
- Ramakrishna Hegde, former Chief Minister
- Sudheendra Kulkarni
- Prabhakar Kore, member of Rajya Sabha from Karnataka
- S.R.Kanti, former Chief Minister
- Neeraj Patil, Mayor of Lambeth district of London
- S.R.Bommai, former Chief Minister
- Veerendra Patil, former Chief Minister
- S.Bangarappa, former Chief Minister
- Veerappa Moily, former Chief Minister
- L. G. Havanur, former Law Minister
- H.D. Deve Gowda, former prime minister
- J.H.Patel, former Chief Minister
- George Fernandes, former Defense Minister
- S.M. Krishna, Governor of Maharashtra, former Chief Minister
- Dharam Singh, former Chief Minister
- H.D.Kumaraswamy, former Chief Minister
- B.S.Yediyurappa, former Chief Minister, MP
- D.V. Sadananda Gowda, former Chief Minister and present union Statistics and Program implementation minister
- Jagadish Shettar, former Chief Minister
- Ramesh Jigajinagi, former Home Minister, currently Union Minister of state for drinking water and sanitation and M.P
- M.P. Prakash, former deputy Chief Minister
- Oscar Fernandes, former Union Minister
- Jaffer Sharief, former Union Minister
- Margaret Alva, former Union Minister
- U. Srinivas Mallya, former Member of Parliament
- H.N.Ananth Kumar, Union Minister for chemicals and fertilizers & M.P.
- Mallikarjun Kharge, former Home Minister, former Union Railway Minister
- K.H. Muniyappa, former Union minister of state for Railways
- V.S.Acharya, former Minister for Home affairs & Medical Education
- H.Vishwanath, former Minister, former M.P
- Vatal Nagaraj, former MLA
- Vishweshwara Hegde, former Education Minister
- Bhagwanth Khuba, Member of Parliament, Bidar
- Shri Thanedar, United States Representative
Bureaucrats
- C B Muthamma, first woman IFS officer
- C. G. Somiah, Comptroller and Auditor General of India (1990-1996)
- Shankar Bidari, IPS, DG & IPG, Karnataka
- Abdul Rahman Infant, IPS, DG & IGP, Karnataka
- Dr.M.H.Marigowda, former Director of Horticulture
- H. T. Sangliana, former police officer, and M.P. Lok Sabha
- Daya Nayak
- Kempaiah
- Veeranna Aivalli
- Vivek Kulkarni
Cooperative movement
- S. K. Amin, founder of South Kanara District Co-Operative Fish Marketing Federation
Religion and philosophy
- Sarvajna
- Sree Sree Shivakumara Swamiji, Karnataka Ratna, highest civilian awarded by the state
- Kanaka Dasa, saint
- Basavanna, founder of Veerashaivism, social reformer
- Purandara Dasa, saint
- Vidyaranya, 12th Shankaracharya of Sringeri, spiritual guide to Vijayanagar Empire
- Allama Prabhu
- Madhvacharya
- Mangesh V. Nadkarni
- Raghavendra Swami
- Akka Mahadevi
- Jayatirtha
- Sripadaraya
- Vyasatirtha
- Vadirajatirtha
- Madhvacharya
- Naraharitirtha
- Padmanabha Tirtha
- Raghaveshwara Bharathi
- Raghunatha Tirtha
- Raghuvarya Tirtha
- Raghuttama Tirtha
- Gangadharendra Saraswati
- Balagangadharanatha Swamiji
- Shivamurthy Shivacharya Mahaswamiji
- Satyavrata Tirtha
- Satyanidhi Tirtha
- Satyanatha Tirtha
- Satyapriya Tirtha
- Satyabodha Tirtha
- Satyasandha Tirtha
- Satyadharma Tirtha
- Satyadhyana Tirtha
- Satyapramoda Tirtha
- Shishunala Sharifa
- Jaggi Vasudev, founder of Isha Foundation
- Siddharudha Swami
- Narayan Maharaj
- Narayanacharya
- Dattatreya
- Kaadsiddheshwar
- Keshavashram
Yoga
- Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, known as "the father of modern yoga" and reviver of Hatha yoga
- B.K.S. Iyengar
- Geeta Iyengar
- Jaggi Vasudev
- Malladihalli Sri Raghavendra Swamiji
- Pattabhi Jois
Wildlife and environment
- Hanumappa Sudarshan
- Ullas Karanth, tiger conservation
- Krupakar-Senani
- Vandana Shiva
Historians, epigraphists and archaeologists
- Dr. Shikaripura Ranganatha Rao
- Dr. B.A. Saletore
- P. B. Desai
- P. Gururaja Bhat
- G. S. Gai
- A. N. Narasimhia
- B. L. Rice
- S. Srikanta Sastri
Social service
- Sree Sree Shivakumara Swamiji
- S. K. Amin
- Malladihalli Sri Raghavendra Swamiji
- Sudha Murthy
- Tulsi Gowda
- Veerendra Heggade
- Saalumarada Thimmakka
Sports
Cricket
- Vijay Bhardwaj
- Raghuram Bhat
- Roger Binny
- Stuart Binny
- Bhagwat Chandrasekhar
- Deepak Chougule
- Rahul Dravid
- Doddanarasaiah Ganesh
- David Johnson
- Sunil Joshi
- Syed Kirmani
- Vinay Kumar
- Anil Kumble
- Sanjay Manjrekar
- Abhimanyu Mithun
- Manju Nadgoda
- Manish Pandey
- Brijesh Patel
- Venkatesh Prasad
- E.A.S. Prasanna
- KL Rahul
- A. Ramakrishnappa
- Shantha Rangaswamy
- Barrington Rowland
- Ganesh Satish
- Sujith Somasunder
- Javagal Srinath
- Robin Uthappa
- Gundappa Vishwanath
- Sadanand Viswanath
Hockey
- B. P. Govinda (former captain, Arjun award)
- M. P. Ganesh (former captain, Arjun Award)
- Ashish Ballal
- Arjun Halappa
- M M Somaiya(former captain)
Football
- Vinoth Kumar
- Xavier Vijay Kumar
- N.S. Manju
- Kuppuswami Sampath
- Shankar Sampingiraj
- Karma Tsewang
- Sanjeeva Uchil (Represented India in 1948 Olympics)
Athletics
- Ashwini Nachappa
- J. J. Shobha
- Vandana Rao
- Vandana Shanbagh
- Vikas Gowda
- Girisha Nagarajegowda Para-athletics
Badminton
Tennis
- Rohan Bopanna
- Poojashree Venkatesh
- Srinath Prahlad
Others
- C.C. Machaiah, former boxer, Olympian and coach, 1978 Arjuna Awardee
- Chetan Baboor, Table Tennis
- Nisha Millet, Swimming
- Pankaj Advani, Billiards
- Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla
Military
- Ajjamada B Devaiah, Pilot in Indian air force, Maha Vir Chakra (posthumous), war martyr.
- Field Marshal K.M. Cariappa, Commander-in-Chief, Indian Armed Forces
- Gen.K. S. Thimayya, Chief of Staff, Indian Army
- Gen. BELchief.
- Air Marshal C D Subbaiah, VrC, PVSM, World War II fighter pilot, Indian Army.
- Ramesh Halagali, AVSM, SM, Deputy Chief of Indian Army.
- Major M C Muthanna, killed by terrorists in Jammu and Kashmir, Shaurya Chakra awardee.
- Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan, killed in action during the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, consequently awarded the Ashoka Chakra, Indian Army
Judiciary
- Justice Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah, retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- Justice N Y Hanumanthappa, Chief Justice of Orissa High Court and Ex-Member of Parliament, Chitra Durga
- Justice Santhosh Hegde, retired Supreme Court Judge
- Justice H.L.Dattu, retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- Justice V. Gopala Gowda, Supreme Court Judge
- Chief Justice of India P. B. Gajendragadkar, from Gajendragad
Award winners
Bharat Ratna
- Sir M. Visvesvaraya, 1955
- Bhimsen Joshi, 2008
- C.N.R. Rao, 2014
Jnanpith Award
- Kuvempu, for his epic Sri Ramayana Darshanam, in 1969
- D. R. Bendre, for his anthology of poems Naku Thanthi, in 1974[4]
- K. Shivaram Karanth, for his novel Mookajjiya Kanasugalu, in 1977
- Chikkaveera Rajendra, in 1983
- V. K. Gokak, for Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi, in 1990
- U. R. Ananthamurthy, for his monumental contributions, in 1994
- Girish Karnad, for his monumental contributions to Kannada literature and for contributions to Kannada theatre (Yayati), in 1998
- Chandrashekhara Kambara, for his monumental contributions to Kannada literature, in 2010
Saraswati Samman
- S. L. Bhyrappa, for his novel Mandra, in 2010
Militants
- Iqbal Bhatkal
- Kafeel Ahmed, 2007 London car bombing
- Riyaz Bhatkal
- Yasin Bhatkal
Others
- Shakuntala Devi, calculating prodigy; "called human computer"
- N. Someswara, doctor and quiz master of Thatt Antha Heli
- Aluru Venkata Rao
- Huilgol Narayana Rao
- Ravi Belagere
- Mayurasharma
- Pulakesi I
- Krishna Deva Raya
- Kudroli Ganesh, magician
- Kumara Rama
- Somesvara I
- Belawadi Mallamma
- Kittur Chennamma
- Attimabbe
- Raghavendra Acharya
- Pandita Ramabai, reformer for women's education, Sanskrit scholar, Christian Bible translator into Marathi
- Saraswati Gangadhar
- S. D. Phadnis, cartoonist
- A. N. Prahlada Rao, crossword writer; created 40,000 crosswords; name mentioned in LIMCA Book of Records 2015
See also
- List of Kannada poets
- List of people from Bangalore
- Kannadigas
- Tuluva
- Kodava people
- Konkani people
- Lists of Indians by state
- List of Lingayats
- Kannada people
- Recipients of the Karnataka Ratna
- People from Uttara Kannada District
- People from Belgaum District
- People from Bagalkot District
- People from Bellary District
- People from Bidar District
- People from Bijapur District
- People from Gadag District
- People from Gulbarga District
- People from Haveri District
- People from Koppal District
- People from Raichur District
References
- ^ GS Kumar (25 August 2014). "Maya Rao took forbidden dance to a new level". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
- ^ "Pratibha unveils Kittur Rani Chennamma statue". Retrieved 26 August 2008.
- ^ A. Jayaram (18 April 2002). "The nuts and bolts of a superachiever". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 July 2003. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- ^ "Jnanpeeth Awardees from Karnataka". Retrieved 27 August 2008.