List of political parties in Brazil
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Brazil has a
country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.[1]
Above the broad range of political parties in
absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties.[3] The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 Brazilian general election.[4][5][6] However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.[4][7]
Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections.[8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.[9]
Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for
PTB
, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names; however, they can retain their number.
Active political parties
Parties represented in the National Congress
Other parties
| Party | Abbr. | Leader | Position | Ideology | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agir | —
|
Daniel Tourinho | Centre | Autistic people 's interests
| |
| Brazilian Communist Party Partido Comunista Brasileiro |
PCB
|
Edmilson Costa | Far-left | Marxism-Leninism
| |
| Brazilian Labour Renewal Party Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro |
PRTB
|
Leonardo de Araújo | Right-wing to far-right | Labourism
| |
| Brazilian Woman's Party Partido da Mulher Brasileira |
PMB
|
Suêd Haidar | Right-wing | Anti-abortion
| |
| Christian Democracy Democracia Cristã |
DC
|
José Maria Eymael | Centre-right | Christian democracy | |
| National Mobilization Mobilização Nacional |
MOBILIZA
|
Antonio Massarollo | Centre-right | Brazilian nationalism Third-worldism Agrarianism | |
| Popular Unity Unidade Popular |
UP
|
Leo Péricles | Far-left | Revolutionary socialism Anti-imperialism Anti-racism | |
| United Socialist Workers' Party Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado |
PSTU
|
Zé Maria | Far-left | Trotskyism | |
| Workers' Cause Party Partido da Causa Operária |
PCO
|
Rui Costa Pimenta | Far-left | Trotskyism | |
Historical parties
Imperial Brazil
- Liberal Party (1831–1889)
- Farroupilha Party (1832–1845)
- Conservative Party (1836–1889)
- Progressive League (1864–1868)
First Republic and Vargas Era
- Paulista Republican Party (1873–1937)
- Rio-grandense Republican Party (1882–1937)
- Republican Party of Minas Gerais (1888–1937)
- Fluminense Republican Party (1888–1937)
- Federalist Party (1892–1928)
- Federal Republican Party (1893–1897)
- Conservative Republican Party (1910–1915)
- Workers' and Peasants' Bloc (1927–1930)
- Liberator Party (1928–1937; 1945–1965)
- Brazilian Black Front (1931–1938)
- Brazilian Integralist Action (1932–1937)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1932–1937)
Fourth Republic
- National Democratic Union (1945–1965)
- Brazilian Labour Party (1945–1965)
- Orienting Labour Party (1945–1951)
- Christian Democratic Party (1945–1965)
- Social Democratic Party (1945–1965)
- Republican Party (1945–1965)
- Progressive Republican Party (1945–1946)
- National Agrarian Party (1945–1946)
- Popular Representation Party (1945–1965)
- Popular Syndicalist Party (1945–1946)
- National Labor Party (1945–1965)
- Social Progressive Party (1946–1965)
- Social Labour Party (1946–1965)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1947–1965)
- Labour Republican Party (1948–1965)
- Renewal Labour Movement (1960–1965)
Military Dictatorship and Sixth Republic
- National Renewal Alliance (1966–1979)
- Popular Party (1979–1982)
- Democratic Social Party (1980–1993)
- Brazilian Labour Party (1981–2023)
- Democrats (1985–2022)
- Brazilian People's Party (1985–1990)
- Christian Democratic Party (1985–1993)
- Social Christian Party (1985–2023)
- Brazilian Municipalist Party (1985–1989)
- Liberal Party (1985–2006)
- Renewal Labour Party (1985–1993)
- Social Democratic Party (1987–2003)
- Progressive Republican Party (1988–2019)
- Retirees' National Party of Brazil (1988–1990)
- Social Labour Party (1988–1993; 1993–2003)
- Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil (1989–1990)
- Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order (1989–2006)
- Progressive Party (1993–1995)
- Reform Progressive Party (1993–1995)
- Workers' General Party (1993–2003)
- Social Liberal Party (1994–2022)
- Humanist Party of Solidarity (1995–2019)
- Party of the Nation's Retirees (1995–2006)
- Free Fatherland Party (2009–2019)
- Republican Party of the Social Order (2010–2023)
- Patriota (2011–2023)
See also
- Lists of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
- Liberalism in Brazil
References
- S2CID 238849517.
- ^ Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
- ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
- ^ "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ^ "Senadores em Exercício". Senado Federal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 March 2024.