List of political parties in Germany
This article is part of a series on the |
Politics of Germany |
---|
The
Germany also has a number of other parties, in recent history most importantly the Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance 90/The Greens, The Left, and more recently the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded in 2013. The federal government of Germany often consisted of a coalition of a major and a minor party, specifically CDU/CSU and FDP or SPD and FDP, and from 1998 to 2005 SPD and Greens. From 1966 to 1969, from 2005 to 2009 and from 2013 to 2021, the federal government consisted of a coalition of the two major parties, called a grand coalition.[1]
Coalitions in the Bundestag and state legislatures are often described by party colors. Party colors are red for the Social Democratic Party, green for Alliance 90/The Greens, yellow for the Free Democratic Party, purple (officially red, which is customarily used for the SPD) for the Left, light blue for the AfD, and black and blue for the CDU and CSU respectively.[2][3]
Current parties
Parties represented in the Bundestag and/or the European Parliament
- ^ A right-wing party originally starting as a centre-right alternative to the CDU/CSU, since 2015 it is considered to be part of the radical right, a subset of the far-right that does not oppose democracy.
- ^ BSW has been variously described as left-wing, far-left, and left-conservative; the latter label is due to its more right-wing stance on socio-cultural issues.
Regional parties represented in only one state parliament
Name | Abbr. | Leader(s) | Ideology | Political position | MdLs | State | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brandenburg United Civic Movements/Free Voters Brandenburger Vereinigte Bürgerbewegungen / Freie Wähler |
BVB/FW | Péter Vida | Regionalism | 5 / 88
|
Brandenburg | |||
Citizens for Thuringia Bürger für Thüringen |
BfTh | Ute Bergner | Right-wing populism | Right-wing | 2 / 90
|
Thuringia |
Minor parties
Historical parties
Defunct parties in the Federal Republic of Germany
Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader(s) | Ideology | Est. | Diss. | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50Plus The generation alliance 50Plus Das Generationen-Bündnis |
50Plus | Hans Werner Müller | Right-wing populism | 2004 | 2009 | |||
Action Democratic Progress Aktion Demokratischer Fortschritt |
ADF | Collective leadership | Communism | 1968 | 1969 | |||
Action Group Fourth Party Aktionsgemeinschaft Vierte Partei |
AVP | Christian Ernst Dietrich Bahner | National conservatism | 1975 | 1978 | |||
Action Group of Independent Germans Aktionsgemeinschaft Unabhängiger Deutscher |
AUD | Hermann Schwann (1965–1968) | German nationalism Environmentalism Neutrality |
1965 | 1980 | Merged into The Greens | ||
Active Democracy direct Aktive Demokratie direkt |
ADd | Direct democracy E-democracy |
2011 | 2016 | ||||
All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights Gesamtdeutscher Block/Bund der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten |
GB/BHE | Waldemar Kraft (1951–1954) | Expellee interests
|
1950 | 1961 | Merged into DP | ||
All-German Party of Germany Gesamtdeutsche Partei Deutschlands |
GPD | Herbert Schneider
|
Expellee interests
|
1961 | 1981 | Merger of GB/BHE and DP | ||
All-German People's Party Gesamtdeutsche Volkspartei |
GVP | Gustav Heinemann | Anti- Anti-militarism
Neutrality |
1952 | 1957 | Split from CDU, merged into SPD | ||
Alliance for Health, Peace and Social Justice Allianz für Gesundheit, Frieden und soziale Gerechtigkeit |
AGFG | Matthias Rath | Alternative medicine | 2005 | 2009 | |||
Alliance of Germans, Party for Unity, Peace and Freedom Bund der Deutschen, Partei für Einheit, Frieden und Freiheit |
BdD | Josef Weber (1964–1968) | Anti- Anti-militarism
Neutrality |
1953 | 1968 | Merged into DFU | ||
Alliance of the Centre Allianz der Mitte |
ADM | Hans Weide | Conservatism | 2004 | 2012 | Merged into Deutsche Konservative | ||
Automobile Taxpayers Party Automobile Steuerzahler-Partei |
ASP | Motorist interests
|
1993 | 2002 | ||||
Awakening of German patriots – Central Germany Aufbruch deutscher Patrioten – Mitteldeutschland |
ADPM | Benjamin Przybylla | Right-wing populism National conservatism Nationalism |
2019 | 2020 | |||
Awakening for civil rights, freedom and health Aufbruch für Bürgerrechte, Freiheit und Gesundheit |
AUFBRUCH | Hans Christoph Scheiner | Anti-wireless expansion Alternative medicine |
1998 | 2012 | |||
Christian Centre Christliche Mitte — Für ein Deutschland nach GOTTES Geboten |
CM | Josef Happel | National conservatism Christian conservatism Social conservatism |
1988 | 2016 | Still exists as a think tank | ||
Christian Falangist Party of Germany Christlich Falangistische Partei Deutschlands |
CFPD | Falangism Zionism |
2006 | 2009 | ||||
Christian League - The Party for Life Christliche Liga – Die Partei für das Leben |
LIGA | Ewald Jaksch | Christian right Conservatism |
1985 | 1995 | |||
Citizens for Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Bürger für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
BMV | Michael Bertram | Conservatism Regionalism |
2018 | 2018 | Split from AfD, merged into Free Voters | ||
Communist League of West Germany Kommunistischer Bund Westdeutschland |
KBW | Joscha Schmierer (1973–1982) | Maoism | 1973 | 1985 | |||
Communist Party of Germany (Roter Morgen) Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Roter Morgen) |
KPD (Roter Morgen) | Anti-revisionism
Hoxhaism |
1985 | 2011 | Split from KPD/ML | |||
Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands/Marxisten-Leninisten |
KPD/ML | Ernst Aust (1968–1983) | Anti-revisionism
Hoxhaism |
1968 | 1986 | Newspaper still exists | ||
Communist Party of Germany Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands |
KPD | Max Reimann (1948–1956) | Communism Marxism-Leninism |
1918 | 1956 | Banned in 1956 | ||
Democratic Gay/Lesbian Party - The People's Party Demokratische Schwul / Lesbische Partei - Die Bürgerpartei |
DSLP | Thomas Mosmann | Anti-Islam
|
2013 | 2016 | |||
Democratic Left Demokratische Linke |
DL | Socialism | 1967 | 1970 | ||||
Democratic Socialists Demokratische Sozialisten |
DS | Eurocommunism | 1982 | 1991 | ||||
Democratic Party of Germany Demokratische Partei |
DPD | Markus Giersch | Universal basic income Grassroots democracy Anti-Noise pollution |
2009 | 2015 | |||
Drivers' and Peoples' Interest Party Autofahrer- und Volksinteressenpartei |
AViP | Andreas Uhing | Motorist interests
Euroscepticism |
2011 | 2016 | |||
Drivers' and Citizens' Interest Party Autofahrer- und Bürgerinteressenpartei Deutschlands |
APD | Anton K. Marth | Motorist interests
|
1988 | 2002 | |||
Equality Party Gerechtigkeitspartei |
G | 1973 | 1978 | |||||
European Federalist Party Europäische Föderalistische Partei |
EFP | Karl Hahn | European federalism
|
1964 | 1994 | |||
European Workers-Party Europäische Arbeiter-Partei |
EAP | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement | 1974 | 1986 | Succeeded by Patrioten | ||
Expellee and Migrants Party of Germany – Unity Aussiedler und Migranten Partei Deutschland – EINHEIT |
DIE EINHEIT | Dimitri Rempel | Expellee interests
|
2013 | ? | |||
Federation for a Complete Germany Bund für Gesamtdeutschland |
BGD | Horst Zaborowski | Revanchism Nationalism |
1990 | 2017 | Merged with AGsD | ||
Free Citizens' Initiative Freie Bürger-Initiative |
FBI | Dr. Thomas Kernebeck | Direct democracy | 1994 | ? | |||
Free German People's Party Freiheitliche Deutsche Volkspartei |
FDVP | Nationalism | 2000 | 2003 | Split from DVU, merged into DP | |||
Free German Workers' Party Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei |
FAP | Friedhelm Busse (1988-1995) | Neo-Nazism Strasserism |
1979 | 1995 | Banned in 1995 (as organization) | ||
Free Union Freie Union |
FU | Danny Hoffmann | Conservatism Direct democracy Economic liberalism |
2009 | 2019 | |||
The Frisians Die Friesen |
FRIESEN | Ralf Bieneck | Ethnic minority interests
|
2007 | 2023 | |||
German Community Deutsche Gemeinschaft |
DG | Otto Hess | Neutrality
|
1949 | 1965 | Merged into AUD | ||
German Conservative Party - German Right Party Deutsche Konservative Partei – Deutsche Rechtspartei |
DKP-DRP | Wilhelm Jaeger (1947–1949) | National conservatism | 1946 | 1950 | Merged into DRP and DP | ||
German Democratic Party Deutsche Demokratische Partei |
ddp | Thorsten Sandvoß | Third way Universal basic income |
2004 | 2015 | |||
German Empire Party Deutsche Reichspartei |
DRP | Heinrich Kunstmann, Adolf von Thadden, Alexander Andrae | Neo-Nazism (after 1952) Pan-Germanism German nationalism |
1950 | 1956 | Merger of DRP and NDP | ||
German Freedom Party Deutsche Freiheitspartei |
DFP | Heinrich Kunstmann | Neutrality
|
1962 | 1964 | Split from DRP, merged into AUD | ||
German Freedom Party Die Freiheit – Bürgerrechtspartei für mehr Freiheit und Demokratie |
DIE FREIHEIT | Michael Stürzenberger | Hard Euroscepticism
|
2010 | 2016 | |||
German Party Deutsche Partei |
DP | Heinrich Hellwege | German nationalism National conservatism Constitutional monarchism |
1947 | 1961 | |||
German Party Deutsche Partei |
DP | Adolf von Thadden (after 1967) | National conservatism | 1961 | 1980 | Founded by former members of the 1947 DP | ||
German Peace Union Deutsche Friedens-Union |
DFU | Anti-militarism
|
1960 | 1984/90 | ||||
German People's Union Deutsche Volksunion |
DVU | Matthias Faust (2009–2011) | Pan-Germanism National conservatism Right-wing populism |
1971/87 | 2011 | Split from and merged into NPD | ||
German Reconstruction Party Deutsche Aufbaupartei |
D|A|P | Tobias Stober | D-Mark reintroduction | 2017 | 2019 | |||
German Social Union Deutsch-Soziale Union |
DSU | Otto Strasser | Strasserism Revolutionary nationalism |
1956 | 1962 | |||
German Solidarity - Union for the Environment and Life Protection Deutsche Solidarität – Union für Umwelt und Lebensschutz |
Öko-Union | Horst Götting | National conservatism | 1978 | 1997 | Split from AVP | ||
German Union Deutsche Union |
DU | Siegfried Zoglmann | National liberalism | 1971 | 1980 | |||
Gray Panthers Graue Panther |
Graue Panther | Georg Schulte | 1989 | 2008 | ||||
Humanist Party Humanistische Partei |
HP | 1984 | 2006 | |||||
Independent Workers' Party (German Socialists) Unabhängige Arbeiter-Partei (Deutsche Sozialisten) |
UAP | Ulrich Villmow (1995–2014) | European federalism
Democratic socialism |
1962 | 2014 | Split from DSU, unofficial successor | ||
Independent Workers' Party of Germany Unabhängige Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands |
UAPD | Titoism Trotskyism |
1950 | 1952 | ||||
Kreuzberg Patriotic Democrats/Realistic Center Kreuzberger Patriotische Demokraten/Realistisches Zentrum |
KPD/RZ | Hans Joachim Grimm | Satire Anti-fascism |
1988 | 2016 | Merged into Die PARTEI | ||
Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative Arbeit und soziale Gerechtigkeit – Die Wahlalternative |
WASG | Klaus Ernst, Thomas Händel, Christine Buchholz, Axel Troost | Trade unionism
|
2005 | 2007 | Merged into The Left | ||
League of German Communists Bund Deutscher Kommunisten |
BDK | Communism Marxism-Leninism |
1972 | ? | Split from DKP | |||
Liberal People's Party Freiheitliche Volkspartei |
FVP | Franz Handlos | National conservatism Social conservatism |
1985 | 1992 | Split from The Republicans | ||
Maritime Union of Germany Maritime Union Deutschland |
MUD | Konrad Fischer | Fishermans' interests Social democracy Euroscepticism |
2011 | 2012 | |||
Mature Citizens Die Mündigen Bürger |
Mündige Bürger | Erika Herbst | National conservatism Alternative medicine Esotericism |
1975 | 1994 | |||
Motorist and citizens' interest party in Germany Autofahrer- und Bürgerinteressenpartei Deutschlands |
APD | Anton K. Marth (1988–1995) | Motorist interests
|
1988 | 2002 | |||
Muslim Democratic Union Muslimische Demokratische Union |
MDU | Salafism
|
2010 | 2014 | Merged into BIG | |||
National Liberal Action Nationalliberale Aktion |
NLA | Erich Mende | National liberalism | 1970 | 1971 | |||
National Democratic Empire Party Nationaldemokratische Reichspartei |
NDRP | Neo-Nazism | 1950 | 1951 | Merger of multiple smaller parties, succeeded by Young Party | |||
Natural Law Party Naturgesetz-Partei, Aufbruch zu neuem Bewusstsein |
NATURGESETZ | Transcendental Meditation | 1992 | 2004 | ||||
New consciousness - The holistic-esoteric party of Germany Neues Bewußtsein die ganzheitlich-esoterische Partei Deutschlands |
Bewußtsein | New-Age movement Esotericism |
1989 | ? | ||||
New National Party Neue Nationale Partei |
NNP | Jens Tholen | Civic nationalism Social liberalism Anti-fascism |
2014 | 2015 | |||
Noise torture-Environment-Politics-Honest Lärmfolter-Umwelt-Politik-ehrlich |
LUPe | Klaus Zimmer | Anti-Noise pollution | 2013 | 2016 | |||
Parent Party Elternpartei |
Eltern | Werner Jock | Parents' interests | 2005 | 2010 | |||
Party for a Rule of Law Offensive Partei Rechtsstaatlicher Offensive |
PRO | Ronald Schill (2000–2003) | Right-wing populism Conservatism |
2000 | 2007 | Commonly known as Schill-Partei | ||
Party for Labour, Environment and Family AUF - Partei für Arbeit, Umwelt und Familie - Christen für Deutschland |
AUF | Conservatism Christian fundamentalism |
2008 | 2015 | Merged into Alliance C | |||
Party of Bible-abiding Christians Partei Bibeltreuer Christen |
PBC | Gerhard Heinzmann | Christian right Pentecostalism Christian fundamentalism |
1989 | 2015 | Merged into Alliance C | ||
Party of Democratic Socialism Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus |
PDS | Lothar Bisky (2003–2007) | Democratic socialism Left-wing populism |
1989 | 2007 | Merged into The Left | ||
Party of Non-Voters Partei der Nichtwähler |
Nichtwähler | Werner Peters | Protest party
Direct democracy |
1998 | 2016 | |||
Party of those willing to work and the socially disadvantaged Partei der Arbeitswilligen und Sozial Schwachen |
PASS | Frank Knüppel (1998–2000) | Unemployed interests
|
1993 | 2009 | |||
Patriots for Germany Patrioten für Deutschland |
Patrioten | Helga Zepp-LaRouche | LaRouche movement National conservatism |
1986 | 1992 | Succeeded by BüSo | ||
Peace List Die Friedensliste |
FRIEDEN | 1984–1986: Mechtild Jansen Manfred Coppik Hans Mausbach |
Peace movement | 1984 | 1989 | |||
Pensioners' Party Germany Rentner Partei Deutschland |
RENTNER | Günter Pfeiffer | Senior citizens interests
|
2002 | 2016 | |||
Pensioners' Party Rentnerinnen- und Rentner-Partei |
RRP | Manfred Link | Senior citizens interests
|
2007 | 2016 | |||
Pro Germany Citizens' Movement Bürgerbewegung pro Deutschland |
pro Deutschland | Manfred Rouhs | Right-wing populism | 2005 | 2017 | |||
Pro NRW Bürgerbewegung pro NRW |
pro NRW | Markus Beisicht | Anti-Islam
|
2007 | 2019 | |||
Posadist Communist Party Posadistische Kommunistische Partei |
Paul Schulz | Posadism
|
1969 | 2005 | ||||
Sarazzist Party ━ for Referendums Sarazzistische Partei – für Volksentscheide |
SPV | Kai Schulze | Sarrazism Direct democracy |
2010 | 2011 | |||
Saxon People's Party Sächsische Volkspartei |
SVP | Mirko Schmidt | Nationalism | 2006 | 2019 | |||
Social People's Party Soziale Volkspartei |
SVP | Ronny Grubert | Neo-Nazism Militancy |
1999 | 1999 | Split from NPD | ||
Social People's Party of Germany Soziale Volkspartei Deutschlands |
SVD | Wolfgang Staschen | Social democracy Anti-immigration |
1984 | 1984 | |||
Socialist Reich Party Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands |
SRP | Otto Ernst Remer, Fritz Dorls, Gerhard Krüger | Neo-Nazism | 1949 | 1952 | Banned in 1952 | ||
Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin Sozialistische Einheitspartei Westberlins |
SEW | Gerhard Danelius (1962–1978) | Communism Marxism-Leninism |
1962 | 1991 | Split from SED | ||
Spartacus League Spartacusbund |
SpB | Trotskyism | 1974 | 1980s | ||||
Red October Roter Oktober |
RO | Communism Marxism-Leninism |
2002 | 2009 | Split from KPD (RO) | |||
Revolutionary Socialist League Revolutionär Sozialistischer Bund/Vierte Internationale |
RSB | Trotskyism | 1994 | 2016 | Merged into ISO | |||
The Blue Party Die blaue Partei |
Blaue #TeamPetry | Frauke Petry | National conservatism National liberalism Euroscepticism |
2017 | 2019 | Split from the AfD | ||
The Grays – Gray Panthers Die Grauen – Graue Panther |
GRAUE | Anti- Senior citizens interests
|
1989 | 2008 | Split into Graue Panther
| |||
The Social Liberals Die Sozialliberalen |
SL | Mikael Horstmann | Social liberalism European federalism |
2014 | 2021 | Still exists as a think tank | ||
The Ungovernable - Autonomous List Die Unregierbaren – Autonome Liste |
U/AL | Anti-fascism Direct action |
1989 | 2009 | ||||
Union of Free Citizens Bund freier Bürger |
BFB | Manfred Brunner | National liberalism Right-wing populism |
1994 | 2000 | |||
Union of Free Germany Bund Freies Deutschland |
BFD | Right-wing populism | 1973 | 1977 | ||||
United Socialist Party Vereinigte Sozialistische Partei |
VSP | Socialism | 1986 | 2000 | ||||
West German Women's Peace Movement Westdeutsche Frauenfriedensbewegung |
WFFB | Klara Marie Faßbinder | Anti-militarism
Pacifism |
1952 | 1974 | |||
Woman's Party Frauenpartei |
Frauen | Sibylle Schücking-Helfferich | Feminism | 1979 | 1989 | |||
Work for Bremen and Bremerhaven Arbeit für Bremen und Bremerhaven |
AFB | Centrism | 1995 | 2004 | ||||
Workers' Party of Germany Partei der Arbeit Deutschlands |
PdAD | Michael Koth | Juche National Bolshevism |
1995 | 1998 | |||
Workers' Party of Germany Partei der Arbeit Deutschlands |
PdAD | Simon Bärmann | Social democracy Progressive conservatism |
2017 | 2020 | |||
Young Party Junge Partei |
Neutrality
|
1951 | 1951/2 | |||||
Youth and Development Party of Germany Jugend- und Entwicklungspartei Deutschlands |
JED | Till Müller, Lukas Ostermann | Cannabis legalization
|
2017 | 2019 |
Defunct parties in Allied-occupied Germany
Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader(s) | Ideology | Active | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic People's Party Demokratische Volkspartei |
DVP | Theodor Heuss | Liberalism | 1946–1948 | Merged into FDP | ||
German Conservative Party Deutsche Konservative Partei |
DKP | Eldor Borck, Otto Schmidt-Hannover | National conservatism | 1946–1950 | Merged into DKP-DRP | ||
German Reconstruction Party Deutsche Aufbaupartei |
DAP | Monarchism German nationalism |
1945–1946 | Merged into DKP-DRP | |||
Lower Saxony State Party Niedersächsische Landespartei |
Regionalism Christian conservatism Establishment of Lower Saxony |
1945–1947 | Merged into DP | ||||
National Democratic Party Nationaldemokratische Partei |
NDP | Heinrich Leuchtgens | National conservatism | 1945–1950 | Only active in Hesse, merged into DRP | ||
Radical Social Freedom Party Radikal-Soziale Freiheitspartei |
RSF | Richard Batz, Peter Thielen | Border abolition
Decentralization |
1946–1950 | Succeeded by HUMANWIRTSCHAFT |
Parties in East Germany
Bloc | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Ideology | Note | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Front | Socialist Unity Party of Germany Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschland |
SED | Stalinism Communism Marxism-Leninism |
"Leading Role" per 1968 Constitution, succeeded by PDS | |||
Christian Democratic Union of Germany Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands |
CDUD | Christian socialism Social conservatism |
Merged into the CDU | ||||
Liberal Democratic Party of Germany Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands |
LDPD | Liberal socialism | Merged into Association of Free Democrats (partly) | ||||
Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany Demokratische Bauernpartei Deutschlands |
DBD | Agrarianism Agrarian socialism |
Merged into CDUD | ||||
National Democratic Party of Germany National-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands |
NDPD | Conservatism National conservatism Socialism |
Merged into FDP |
During transition (1989–90)
Parties in the Saar Protectorate
Name | Abbr. | Ideology | Active | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christian People's Party of Saarland Christliche Volkspartei des Saarlandes |
CVP | Christian democracy Conservatism |
1946–1959 | Later merged with the CDU | |
Christian Social Union Christlich-Soziale Union |
CSU-S | Christian democracy Conservatism |
1955–1959 | Unofficial counterpart of the CSU | |
Communist Party of Saarland Kommunistische Partei Saar |
KP | Communism Marxism-Leninism |
1945–1957 | Counterpart of the KPD | |
Democratic Party of Saarland Demokratische Partei des Saarlandes |
DPS | Conservative liberalism National conservatism |
1946–1957 | Later merged into the FDP | |
German Democratic Union Deutsche Demokratische Union |
DDU | Left-wing politics | 1955–1968 | Later merged with the DFU | |
German Social Democratic Party Deutsche Demokratische Union |
DSP | Social democracy | 1952–1956 | Split from the SPS, later merged with the SPD | |
Social Democratic Party of Saarland Sozialdemokratische Partei des Saarlandes |
SPS | Social democracy Democratic Socialism |
1946–1956 | Counterpart of the SPD | |
Supranational European People's Party Saar Übernationale Europäische Volkspartei saar |
ÜEVPS | 1955–? |
Parties in Weimar Republic
Parties founded before World War I
See also
- Lists of political parties; categories by country and ideology.
- History of Germany since 1945
- Liberalism in Germany
References
- ^ "Chronik: Bundestagswahlen von 1949 bis 2002 | Deutschland | Deutsche Welle | 02.10.2005". Archived from the original on 8 November 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
- ^ "Political parties form colorful spectrum in Germany". Deutsche Welle. 18 August 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
- ^ The Green party: Getting used to opposition, Deutsche Welle, 24 August 2009, retrieved 12 October 2009,
This made a so-called Jamaica coalition with the Christian Democratic Union and the Free Democratic Party impossible.
- ^ "Erster Bundesparteitag der Wagenknecht-Partei BSW begonnen" [First federal party conference of the Wagenknecht party BSW begins]. Deutschlandfunk (in German). 27 January 2024.
Auf der eintägigen Veranstaltung, zu der die 450 Gründungsmitglieder geladen waren, soll zunächst der Parteivorstand gewählt werden.
[At the one-day event, to which the 450 founding members were invited, the party executive committee is to be elected first.] - ISBN 9781119579533. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ "| Zeitpunkt".
- ^ "CDU-Konservative: Was die Werteunion ist und was sie will - ZDFheute". 13 February 2020. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
External links
- Political Parties (Germany) - List of German political parties since 1949
- Collection of recognized political parties by the Federal Returning Office (in German)
- Overview of the elections since 1946 (Übersicht der Wahlen seit 1946) on the website of the Tagesschau- Election results in Germany since 1946 on state, federal and European levels (German descriptions, but graphics and data can be accessed without these).