List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe

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Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of all present

Bosphorus and the Dardanelles
.

Sovereign state Predecessors
Albania Illyrians
Illyrian kingdom (c. 650 - c. 135 BC)

Part of the Roman Empire, within the province of Macedonia (148 BC – 324 AD)
Part of the  Byzantine Empire, within the province of Macedonia (324–1190)
Principality of Arbanon (1190–1255)

 Byzantine Empire (1190–1204)
 Despotate of Epirus (1205–1255)

Kingdom of Albania (1272–1368)

Kingdom of Sicily (1258–1368)

 

Lordship of Berat
(1396–1417)
 Principality of Valona (1346–1417)

 Serbian Empire (1346–1355)

Despotate of Angelokastron and Lepanto
(1358–1374)
Despotate of Arta (1359–1416)
Princedom of Albania (1368–1392)
 
Principality of Gjirokastër
(1386–1418)
Principality of Dukagjini (1387–1444)
Principality of Kastrioti (1389–1444)
 Most Serene Republic of Venice (1420–1797)
League of Lezhë (1444 – c. 1468)
Ottoman Empire (1479–1912)
Independent Albania (1912–1914)
Albania Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
Albania Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)
Albanian Kingdom (1943–1944)
Democratic Government of Albania (1944–1946)
Albania People's Republic of Albania (1946–1976)
Albania People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1976–1991)
 Republic of Albania
(1991–present)

Andorra County of Urgell (843–1133)
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell (1133–1208)
County of Foix (1208–1607/1610)
 Principality of Andorra (1278–present)
Armenia
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936)(republic of the Soviet Union)
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) (republic of the Soviet Union)
 Republic of Armenia (1990–present) (republic of the Soviet Union
to 1991)
Austria  Margraviate of Austria (976–1156)
Duchy of Austria (1156–1453)
Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804)
 Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
Cisleithania (1867–1918)
Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919)
First Austrian Republic (1919–1934)
Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)
German Reich (1938–1945)
 Republic of Austria (1945–present)
Azerbaijan
Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic[4] (1936–1991) (republic of the Soviet Union)
 Republic of Azerbaijan
(1991–present)
Belarus  
UN member 1945–1991)
 Republic of Belarus
(1991–present)
Belgium Burgundian Netherlands (1384–1482)
Habsburg Netherlands (1482–1794) – Spanish Netherlands (1556–1713) and Austrian Netherlands (1713–1797)
France (1797–1815)
 United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1830)
 Kingdom of Belgium (1830–present)
Bosnia and Herzegovina  Banate of Bosnia (1154–1377)
 Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463)
 Ottoman Empire (1463–1878)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918)
noborder State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1946)
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
 Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1945–1992)
Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–present)
Bulgaria Odrysian kingdom (480 BC – 30 BC) [5][6][7]

Paeonia (kingdom)

Tylis (277 -212 BC)

 Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state) (30 BC – 46 AD) [5][6][7]

Province of Thracia, Roman Empire (46–395)

 Eastern Roman Empire Province of Thracia (395–628)

 Eastern Roman Empire (628–680)

 Bulgars (Utigurs, Kutrigurs, Onogurs?) (469 – 632)
Old Great Bulgaria (632–668)
First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018)

 Eastern Roman Empire (1018–1185)

noborder Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1396/1422)
Despotate of Dobruja (1356 - 1411)
Tsardom of Vidin (1356 - 1396)

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Bulgaria (1396/1422–1878)

Bulgaria Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908) (sovereignty within Ottoman Empire)
 Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)
Bulgaria People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)
 Republic of Bulgaria (1990–present)

Croatia
Cyprus Macedonian Empire (333–323 BC), Hellenistic States (323–58 BC)

Roman Republic (58–27 BC), Roman Empire (27 BC – 395 AD) Byzantine Empire (395–1191)
Kingdom of Cyprus (1192–1489 AD),  Most Serene Republic of Venice (1489–1570)

 

Crown Colony of Cyprus (1914–1960)
 Republic of Cyprus
(1960–present)

Czech Republic  
Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1960)
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990)
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
 Czech Republic
(1993–present)
Denmark  Kingdom of Denmark[8] (c. 965 – present)
 Anglo-Norse Empire (1016–1035)
noborder Kalmar Union (1397–1523)
Estonia Terra Mariana (1207–1561)
Sweden Swedish Empire (1561–1721)
Russian Empire Governorate of Estonia (1721–1918)
 Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991) (de facto republic of the Soviet Union)
 Republic of Estonia (1918–present, legal succession; de facto 1918–1940 and 1991–present)[9][10]
Finland noborder Kalmar Union (1397–1523)
Sweden Sweden (c. 1210–1809)
Russian Empire Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917)
 Republic of Finland (1917–present)
France Part of the Roman Empire, within the province of Roman Gaul (1st century BC-5th century AD)

French Republic
(1946–present)

Georgia

Kingdom of Abkhazia (778–1008)
 

Caucasian Iberia
(c. 301 BC – 580)
 Principality of Iberia (580–891)
 Kingdom of Iberia (mostly titular revival) (891–1008)
Roman Empire

Theme of Iberia
(1001–1074)

Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1465)

Kingdom of Imereti (1455–1810)
Kingdom of Kartli
(1484–1762)
Kingdom of Kakheti (1465–1762)
Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti
(1762–1801)

 

Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990) (republic of the Soviet Union)
Republic of Georgia (1990–1995) (republic of the Soviet Union to 1991)
 Georgia
(1995–present)

Germany Alamannia (213 - 911)
Old Saxony (6th century - 804)
 Carolingian Empire (800–843)
 East Francia (843–919)
 Kingdom of Germany (919–962)

 

Territory of the Saar Basin (1920–1935) (French League of Nations mandate)
German Reich (1934–1945)
noborder Allied-occupied Germany (1945–1949)
 Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) (1949–1990), noborder West Berlin (1949–1990), noborder Saar Protectorate (1947–1956) (French protectorate) and  German Democratic Republic (East Germany) (1949–1990)
 Federal Republic of Germany
(1990–present) (Modern Germany is a continuation of the Federal Republic, it is not a successor state)

Greece
Minoan civilisation
(3500 - 1100 BC)

Mycenaean Greece (1750 - 1050 BC)

 Ancient Greek city states and kingdoms (900–146 BC) Hellenic League (338–332 BC)

Macedonian Empire (335–323 BC – Macedonian Kingdom existed since 808 BC)

Delian League (488 - 404 BC)
Aetolian League (4th century - 188 BC)
Hellinistic States (323–146 BC)

Government in Exile (September–October 1944))
 Kingdom of Greece (1944–1973)
 Hellenic Republic
(1973–present)

Hungary ( 
Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)
 Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)
 Republic of Hungary (1989–2012)
 Hungary
(2012–present)
Iceland
Icelandic Free State (930–1262)
noborder Kingdom of Norway (1262–1397)
 Kalmar Union (1397–1536)
Denmark Denmark–Norway (1536–1814)
 Kingdom of Denmark (1814–1918)
Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1944)
 Iceland
(1944–present)
Ireland  Hibernia (300 BC – 100 AD)
Gaelic Kingdoms (1st century – 1541)
 Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1651)
 Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1659)
 Kingdom of Ireland (1659–1800)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)
 Irish Free State (1922–1937)
 Ireland (1937–present)
Italy
Kingdom of Middle Francia (843–855)
Kingdom of Italy (855–1801)
Republic of Ancona (11th century - 1532)
Republic of Genoa (11th century – 1797)
Republic of Florence (1115 - 1569)
 Kingdom of Sicily (under Habsburg Spain) (1130–1816)
Kingdom of Naples (under Habsburg Spain) (1282–1799, 1799–1816)
 Kingdom of Sardinia (under Habsburg Spain) (1324–1861)
Republic of Ragusa (1358 -1808)
Duchy of Milan
(Imperial fief under Habsburg Spain) (1395–1447,

1450–1796)
 Duchy of Savoy (Imperial fief) (1416–1792, 1814–1847)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1801, 1814–1859, 1859–1860)
 Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
 Italian Social Republic (Republic of Salò) (1943–1945)
 Italian Republic (1946–present)

Kazakhstan
Cuman–Kipchak confederation
(10th century – 1241)

Golden Horde (1240s–1456)
Kazakh Khanate (1456–1847)
 Russian Empire (1735/1860–1919)
Soviet Russia (1919–1922)
Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936), federated state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1919–1936) (itself a republic of the Soviet Union)
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) (republic of the Soviet Union)
 Republic of Kazakhstan[4] (1991–present)

Latvia Terra Mariana (1207–1583)
noborder Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1583–1611)
noborder Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden Swedish Empire (1611–1721)
noborder Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and  Russian Empire (1721–1772)
 Russian Empire (1772–1918)
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920)
 Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991) (de facto republic of the Soviet Union)
 Republic of Latvia (1918–present, legal succession; de facto 1918–1940 and 1991–present)[9][10]
Liechtenstein
Lordship of Schellenberg (9th century–1719) (within the Holy Roman Empire)

County of Vaduz (1342-1719) (within the Holy Roman Empire)

 Principality of Liechtenstein (1719–present) (within the German Confederation 1815–1866)

Lithuania Grand Duchy of Lithuania (13th century – 1569)

noborder Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

Russian Tsardom
(1795–1812)
French Occupation (1812)
Russian Tsardom
(1812–1914)
noborder German Occupation (1914–1918)
Lithuania Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)
 Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940)
 Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990/1991) (de facto republic of the Soviet Union)
 Republic of Lithuania (1918–present, legal succession; de facto 1918–1940 and 1990–present)[9][10]

Luxembourg  Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1890)
 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (1890–present)
Malta[11]
Republic of Malta
(1974–present)
Moldova  Moldavia (1359–1812) (vassal of  Ottoman Empire between 1514 and 1812)
 Russian Empire (1812–1918)
 Kingdom of Romania (1918–1945)
 Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (republic of the Soviet Union 1940–1990)
 Republic of Moldova (1990–present) (republic of the Soviet Union to 1991)
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (unrecognized republic of the Soviet Union 1990–1991)
 Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (1991–present)
Monaco  Republic of Genoa (1215–1297)
 Principality of Monaco (1297–present)
Montenegro
Principality of Zeta (1371–1402)
noborder Serbian Despotate (1402–1540)
 Ottoman Empire (1540–1852)
 Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910) (within Ottoman Empire until 1878)
 Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918)
 Kingdom of Serbia (1918)
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1946)
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
 Socialist Republic of Montenegro (1946–1992)
Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006) (republic within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro)[12] (2003–2006)
 Montenegro[13]
(2006–present)
Netherlands  
Duchy of (Lower) Lorraine (903–1190) and noborder County of Holland (880–1384)
Burgundian Netherlands (1384–1482)
Seventeen Provinces (1482–1581)
Dutch Republic Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795)
 Batavian Republic (1795–1806)
Kingdom of the Netherlands Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810)
First French Empire (1810–1813)
Kingdom of the Netherlands Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815)
Kingdom of the Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)
 Kingdom of the Netherlands
(1839–present)
North Macedonia
Kingdom of Prilep (1371–1395)
 Ottoman Empire (1395–1913)
 Kingdom of Serbia (1913–1918)
 Kingdom of Bulgaria (1915–1918)
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1946)
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
 Socialist Republic of Macedonia (1945–1991)
 Republic of Macedonia (1991–2019)
 Republic of North Macedonia
(2019–present)
Norway  Petty Kingdoms of Norway (?–876)

noborder noborder Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
 North Sea Empire (1016–1035)
noborder Kalmar Union (1397–1523)
noborder Denmark–Norway (1536–1814)
noborder Kingdom of Norway (1814)
noborder noborder noborder noborder United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905)

Kingdom of Norway
(1905–1940)

noborder Quisling Regime (puppet state) (1942–1945)

noborder Kingdom of Norway (1945–present)

Poland  
Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918)
Second Polish Republic (1918–1939)
Military Administration in Poland (1939)
General Government (1939–1944)
Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (1944–1945)
Provisional Government of National Unity (1945–1947)
Polish People's Republic (1947–1989)
 Republic of Poland
(1989–present)
Portugal
Second Portuguese Republic / Estado Novo (1933–1974)
Portugal National Salvation Junta (1974–1975)
Portugal Third Portuguese Republic
(1975–present)
Romania  
Principality of Romania (1866–1881)
Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989) (renamed from "Romanian People's Republic" in 1965)
 Romania
(1989–present)
Russia  
Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547; vassal of the Golden Horde until 1480)
Tsardom of Russia
(1547–1610)

 Russian Empire (1612–1917)

federal state, currently have 89 federal subjects. Six federal subjects are not internationally recognized as part of Russia.[14]
)

San Marino  Republic of San Marino (301–present)
Serbia Kingdom of Dardania(4th century-28BC)
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003)
Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)
 State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[12] (2003–2006)
 Republic of Serbia (2006–present)
Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo (1946–1992)
Republic of Kosova (1990–1999)
Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (1992–present)
United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (1999–present)
 Republic of Kosovo
(2008–present)
Slovakia
Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1960)
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1990)
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
 Slovak Republic
(1993–present)
Slovenia Duchy of Carniola (1364–1804)
 Austrian Empire (1804–1867)
Cisleithania (1867–1918)
noborder State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918)
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943)
 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1943–1946)
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)
 Socialist Republic of Slovenia (1946–1991)
 Republic of Slovenia (1991–present)
Spain
Unification of Spain and Spanish Empire (1469/1492/1516–1975)
 Kingdom of Spain (1716–1873)
Spanish Republic (1873–1874)
 Kingdom of Spain (1873–1931)
 Spanish Republic (1931–1939)
 Spanish State (1939–1975)
 Kingdom of Spain
(1975–present)
Sweden noborder Kalmar Union (1397–1523)
 Kingdom of Sweden (1523–1814)
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (Sweden in union with Norway 1814–1905)
 Kingdom of Sweden (1905–present)
Switzerland  Kingdom of the Burgundians (411–534)
 Kingdom of the Franks (481–843)
 Middle Francia (843 – 855)
 East Francia (843 – 962)
noborder Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1798)
 Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)
  Swiss Confederation (1803–present)
Turkey Hellinistic States (323–146 BC)
Roman Republic (146–27 BC), Roman Empire (27 BC – 395 AD),  Byzantine Empire (395–1390)

Seljuq Empire (1037–1194)
Sultanate of Rum (1077–1307)
Karamanids (1250–1487)
 Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
 Republic of Turkey
(1923–present)

Ukraine  Rus' Khaganate (838–862)

Kievan Rus' (862–1240)
 

Principality of Kyiv (1132–1471; vassal of the Golden Horde
1301–1362)
 Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1349)
Kyiv (1471–1793), Bratslav (1566–1793), Chernihiv (1635–1654), Ruthenian (1434–1772), Podolian (1434–1793), Volhynian (1569–1795), and Belz
(1462–1793) Voivodeships)
 Cossack Hetmanate (1648–1764)
 Russian Empire (1764–1917)
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1772–1804),  Austrian Empire (1804–1867), Cisleithania (1867–1918)
Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921), West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919)
UN member
1945–1991)

In the Crimean peninsula

Greek city states (6th–5th centuries BC)
Bosporan Kingdom (c. 438 BC – 107 BC)
Kingdom of Pontus (107 BC – 527 AD)
Roman Empire (63 BC – 341 AD)
Byzantine Empire (341–1204)
Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461)
Golden Horde (1238–1449)
Principality of Theodoro (1461–1475)
Crimean Khanate (1443–1783)
Ottoman Empire (1475–1774)
Russian Empire (1783–1917)
wartime governments (1917–1921)
Russian SFSR (1921–1922)
Soviet Union (1922–1954)
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1954–1991)

 Ukraine (1991–present)
United Kingdom Part of the Roman Empire, within the province of Roman Britain (43 AD-410 AD)

Kingdom of Brycheiniog (c. 450 - c. 1045), Kingdom of Ceredigion, Kingdom of Powys (5th century - 1160), Kingdom of Dyfed (c.410 - 920), Kingdom of Seisyllwg (680–920)
Principality of Wales (1216–1542)
 Pictland, Dál Riata, Kingdom of Strathclyde (5th century – c. 1030),  Kingdom of Scotland (843–1651)
 Early Medieval Irish Kingdoms,  Lordship of Ireland (1171–1541),  Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1651)
 Commonwealth of England (1649–1653)
 Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1659)
 Commonwealth of England (1659–1660)
 Kingdom of Ireland (1659–1800),  Kingdom of Scotland (1659–1707) and  Kingdom of England (1660–1707)
 Kingdom of Ireland and  Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1927)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
(1927–present)

Vatican City
Roman Republic (1798–1799) (client state of France)
 Kingdom of Italy (1870–1929) (as a prisoner in the Vatican)
Vatican City Vatican City State
(1929–present)

See also

References

  1. ^ "World History Maps & Timelines | GeaCron".
  2. ^ "The Timemap of World History". TimeMaps.
  3. ^ "Atlas of World History Animation". www.atlasofworldhistory.com.
  4. ^ a b ISO 3166-1 NEWSLETTER No. V-4 changed the official name of Azerbaijan from "Azerbaijani Republic" to "Republic of Azerbaijan" and changed the spelling of "Kazakstan" to "Kazakhstan".
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-89158-530-3
    , p. 27.
  6. ^
    PMID 26332464
    .
  7. ^ a b "A detailed analysis is made of the assimilation process which took place between Slavs and Thracians. It ended in the triumph of the Slav element and in the ultimate disappearance of the Thracian ethnos...Attention is drawn to the fact that even though assimilated, the Thracian ethnicon left behind traces of its existence (in toponymy, the lexical wealth of the Bulgarian language, religious beliefs, material culture, etc.) which should be extensively studied in all their aspects in the future..." For more see: Димитър Ангелов, Образуване на българската народност, (Издателство Наука и изкуство, “Векове”, София, 1971) pp. 409–410. (Summary in Englis h).
  8. ^ "Denmark". The World Factbook. CIA. 29 April 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  9. ^
    ISBN 9789041104694
    .
  10. ^
    ISBN 9789041115539
    .
  11. ^ Debattista, Martin. "Timeline of Malta History". aboutmalta.com. Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  12. ^ a b ISO 3166-1 NEWSLETTER No. V-8 has the official name of Serbia and Montenegro as just "Serbia and Montenegro".
  13. ^ ISO 3166-1 NEWSLETTER No. V-12 has the official name of Montenegro as "Republic of Montenegro".
  14. ^ "So-called referenda in Russian-controlled Ukraine 'cannot be regarded as legal': UN political affairs chief". UN News. 27 September 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
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