List of recently extinct mammals
Mammals by population |
---|
- Extinct in the wild (EW): 2 species
- Critically endangered (CR): 203 species
- Endangered (EN): 505 species
- Vulnerable (VU): 536 species
- Near threatened (NT): 345 species
- Least concern (LC): 3,306 species
- Data deficient (DD): 872 species
Recently extinct mammals are defined by the
Extinction of taxa is difficult to confirm, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive, but before 1995 a threshold of 50 years without a sighting was used to declare extinction.[1]
One study found that extinction from
As of June 2023, the IUCN listed 233 mammalian species as "critically endangered", while 27% of all mammalian species were threatened with extinction.[4]
Conventions
All species listed as "Extinct" are classified as being
Causes of extinction
Also, increasing toxicity, through media such as
Disease can also be a factor:
Australia
Island creatures are usually
Extinct species
A species is declared extinct after exhaustive surveys of all potential habitats eliminate all reasonable doubt that the last individual of a species, whether in the wild or in captivity, has died.
Common name | Binomial name | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Broad-faced potoroo | Potorous platyops Gould, 1844 |
Diprotodontia | 1875 1 | Australia | |
Eastern hare wallaby
|
Lagorchestes leporides Gould, 1841 |
Diprotodontia | 1889 1 | Australia |
|
Lake Mackay hare-wallaby | Lagorchestes asomatus Finlayson, 1943 |
Diprotodontia | 1932 1 | Australia | |
Desert rat-kangaroo | Caloprymnus campestris Gould, 1843 |
Diprotodontia | 1935 1 | Australia |
|
Thylacine, or Tasmanian wolf/tiger |
Thylacinus cynocephalus Harris, 1808 |
Dasyuromorphia | 1936 1 | Australia, Tasmania |
|
Toolache wallaby | Macropus greyi Waterhouse, 1846 |
Diprotodontia | 1939 1 | Australia | |
Desert bandicoot | Perameles eremiana Spencer, 1837 |
Peramelemorphia | 1943 1 | Australia | |
New South Wales barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles fasciata Gray, 1841 |
Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century | Australia | |
Southwestern barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles myosuros Wagner, 1841 |
Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century | Australia | |
Southern barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles notina Thomas, 1922 |
Peramelemorphia | mid-19th century | Australia | |
Nullarbor barred bandicoot[16] | Perameles papillon Travouillon & Phillips, 2018 |
Peramelemorphia | early 20th century | Australia | |
Lesser bilby, or Yallara |
Macrotis leucura Thomas, 1887 |
Peramelemorphia | 1960s 1 | Australia |
|
Southern pig-footed bandicoot | Chaeropus ecaudatus Ogilby, 1838 |
Peramelemorphia | 1950s 1 | Australia |
|
Northern pig-footed bandicoot | Chaeropus yirratji Travouillon et al., 2019 |
Peramelemorphia | 1950s | ||
Crescent nail-tail wallaby | Onychogalea lunata Gould, 1841 |
Diprotodontia | 1956 1 | Australia (western and central) | |
Red-bellied gracile opossum, or red-bellied gracile mouse opossum |
Cryptonanus ignitus Díaz, Flores and Barquez, 2002 |
Didelphimorphia
|
1962 1 | Argentina | |
Nullarbor dwarf bettong | Bettongia pusilla McNamara, 1997 |
Diprotodontia | early 1500s 1 | Australia (Nullarbor Plain) | |
Steller's sea cow | Hydrodamalis gigas von Zimmermann, 1780 |
Sirenia | 1768 1 | Commander Islands (Russia, United States) | |
Bramble Cay melomys | Melomys rubicola Thomas, 1924 |
Rodentia
|
2016 1 | Australia (Bramble Cay) | |
Oriente cave rat | Boromys offella Miller, 1916 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Cuba | |
Torre's cave rat | Boromys torrei Allen, 1917 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Cuba | |
Imposter hutia | Hexolobodon phenax Miller, 1929 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola (currently Haiti and the Dominican Republic) | |
Montane hutia | Isolobodon montanus Miller, 1922 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola | |
Dwarf viscacha | Lagostomus crassus Thomas, 1910 |
Rodentia
|
early 1900s 1 | Peru | |
Galápagos giant rat
|
Megaoryzomys curioi Niethammer, 1964 |
Rodentia
|
1500s 1 | Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos) | |
Cuban coney | Geocapromys columbianus Chapman, 1892 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Cuba | |
Hispaniolan edible rat | Brotomys voratus Miller, 1916 |
Rodentia
|
1536–1546 1 | Hispaniola | |
Puerto Rican hutia | Isolobodon portoricensis Allen, 1916 |
Rodentia
|
early 1900s 1 | Hispaniola; introduced to Mona Island
|
|
Big-eared hopping mouse | Notomys macrotis Thomas, 1921 |
Rodentia
|
1843 1 | Australia (central Western Australia) | |
Darling Downs hopping mouse | Notomys mordax Thomas, 1921 |
Rodentia
|
1846 1 | Australia (Darling Downs, Queensland) | |
White-footed rabbit-rat
|
Conilurus albipes Lichtenstein, 1829 |
Rodentia
|
early 1860s 1 | Australia (eastern coast) | |
Capricorn rabbit rat | Conilurus capricornensis Cramb and Hocknull, 2010 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Australia (Queensland) | |
Short-tailed hopping mouse | Notomys amplus Brazenor, 1936 |
Rodentia
|
1896 1 | Australia (Great Sandy Desert) | |
Long-tailed hopping mouse | Notomys longicaudatus Gould, 1844 |
Rodentia
|
1901 1 | Australia | |
Great hopping mouse | Notomys robustus Mahoney, Smith and Medlin, 2008 |
Rodentia
|
mid-1800s 1 | Australia (Flinders Ranges and Davenport Ranges) | |
Desmarest's pilorie, or Martinique giant rice rat |
Megalomys desmarestii Fischer, 1829 |
Rodentia
|
1902 1 | Martinique | |
Saint Lucia pilorie, or Saint Lucia giant rice rat |
Megalomys luciae Major, 1901 |
Rodentia
|
1881 1 | Saint Lucia | |
Bulldog rat | Rattus nativitatis Thomas, 1888 |
Rodentia
|
1903 1 | Christmas Island | |
Maclear's rat | Rattus macleari Thomas, 1887 |
Rodentia
|
1903 1 | Christmas Island | |
Darwin's Galápagos mouse
|
Nesoryzomys darwini Osgood, 1929 |
Rodentia
|
1930 1 | Galápagos Islands | |
Gould's mouse | Pseudomys gouldii Waterhouse, 1839 |
Rodentia
|
1930 1 | Australia (southern half) | |
Plains rat, or Palyoora |
Pseudomys auritus Thomas, 1910 |
Rodentia
|
early 1800s 1 | Australia (Kangaroo Island and the Younghusband Peninsula) | |
Pemberton's deer mouse | Peromyscus pembertoni Burt, 1932 |
Rodentia
|
1931 1 | San Pedro Nolasco Island, Mexico | |
Samaná hutia | Plagiodontia ipnaeum Johnson, 1948 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s [a] 1 | Hispaniola | |
Hispaniola monkey | Antillothrix bernensis MacPhee, Horovitz, Arredondo, & Jimenez Vasquez, 1995 |
Primates
|
early 16th century | Hispaniola (currently Dominican Republic) | |
Lesser stick-nest rat, or white-tipped stick-nest rat |
Leporillus apicalis John Gould, 1854 |
Rodentia
|
1933 1 | Australia (west-central) | |
Indefatigable Galápagos mouse
|
Nesoryzomys indefessus Thomas, 1899 |
Rodentia
|
1934 1 | Galápagos Islands | |
Little Swan Island hutia | Geocapromys thoracatus True, 1888 |
Rodentia
|
1955 1 | Swan Islands, Honduras | |
Blue-gray mouse | Pseudomys glaucus Thomas, 1910 |
Rodentia
|
1956 1 | Australia (Queensland, New South Wales) | |
Buhler's coryphomys or Buhler's rat |
Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | West Timor, Indonesia | |
Insular cave rat | Heteropsomys insulans Anthony, 1916 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s 1 | Vieques Island , Puerto Rico
|
|
Candango mouse | Juscelinomys candango Moojen, 1965 |
Rodentia
|
1960 1 | Central Brazil | |
Anthony's woodrat | Neotoma anthonyi Allen, 1898 |
Rodentia
|
1926 1 | Isla Todos Santos, Mexico | |
Bunker's woodrat | Neotoma bunkeri Burt, 1932 |
Rodentia
|
1931 1 | Coronado Islands, Mexico | |
Vespucci's rodent | Noronhomys vespuccii Carleton and Olson, 1999 |
Rodentia
|
1500 1 | Fernando de Noronha, Brazil | |
St. Vincent colilargo, or St. Vincent pygmy rice rat |
Oligoryzomys victus Thomas, 1898 |
Rodentia
|
1892 1 | Saint Vincent
|
|
Jamaican rice rat
|
Oryzomys antillarum Thomas, 1898 |
Rodentia
|
1877 1 | Jamaica | |
Nelson's rice rat
|
Oryzomys nelsoni Merriam, 1889 |
Rodentia
|
1897 1 | Islas Marías, Mexico | |
Nevis rice rat ,or St. Eustatius rice rat, St. Kitts rice rat |
Pennatomys nivalis Turvey, Weksler, Morris, and Nokkert, 2010 |
Rodentia
|
early 1500s [b] 1 | Sint Eustatius and Saint Kitts and Nevis | |
Christmas Island pipistrelle | Pipistrellus murrayi Andrews, 1900 |
Chiroptera
|
2009 1 | Christmas Island | |
Sardinian pika | Prolagus sardus Wagner, 1832 |
Lagomorpha | 1774 1 | Corsica and Sardinia | |
Marcano's solenodon | Solenodon marcanoi Patterson, 1962 |
Eulipotyphla | 1500s 1 | Dominican Republic | |
Puerto Rican nesophontes | Nesophontes edithae Anthony, 1916 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s 1 | Puerto Rico, Vieques Island, Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands | |
Atalaye nesophontes | Nesophontes hypomicrus Miller, 1929 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola | |
Greater Cuban nesophontes | Nesophontes major Arredondo, 1970 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s 1 | Cuba | |
Western Cuban nesophontes | Nesophontes micrus Allen, 1917 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s 1 | Cuba (including Isla de la Juventud) | |
St. Michel nesophontes | Nesophontes paramicrus Miller, 1929 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s 1 | Hispaniola | |
Haitian nesophontes | Nesophontes zamicrus Miller, 1929 |
Eulipotyphla | early 1500s 1 | Haiti | |
Lesser Mascarene flying fox ,or dark flying fox |
Pteropus subniger kerr, 1792 |
Chiroptera
|
1864 1 | Réunion, Mauritius | |
Guam flying fox, or Guam fruit bat |
Pteropus tokudae Tate, 1934 |
Chiroptera
|
1968 1 | Guam | |
Dusky flying fox ,or Percy Island flying fox |
Pteropus brunneus Dobson, 1878 |
Chiroptera
|
1870 1 | Percy Islands (Australia)
|
|
Large Palau flying fox | Pteropus pilosus Andersen, 1908 |
Chiroptera
|
1874 1 | Palau | |
Large sloth lemur | Palaeopropithecus ingens Grandidier, 1899 |
Primates
|
1620 1 | In green |
|
Aurochs | Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 |
Artiodactyla
|
1627 1 | ||
Bluebuck | Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas, 1766 |
Artiodactyla
|
1800 1 | ||
Red gazelle | Eudorcas rufina Thomas, 1894 |
Artiodactyla
|
late 1800s 1 | Algeria | |
Schomburgk's deer | Rucervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863 |
Artiodactyla
|
1932 1 | Thailand | |
Queen of Sheba's gazelle, or Yemen gazelle |
Gazella bilkis Grover and Lay, 1985 |
Artiodactyla
|
1951 1 | Yemen | |
Madagascan dwarf hippopotamus
|
Hippopotamus lemerlei Milne-Edwards, 1868 |
Artiodactyla
|
early 1500s [c] 1 | Madagascar | |
Falkland Islands wolf or warrah | Dusicyon australis Kerr, 1792 |
Carnivora | 1876 1 | Falkland Islands | |
Dusicyon avus | Dusicyon avus Burmeister, 1866 |
Carnivora | early 1500s 1 | Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay | |
Sea mink | Neogale macrodon Prentiss, 1903 |
Carnivora | 1894 1 | United States (Maine, Massachusetts) and Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland) | |
Japanese sea lion | Zalophus japonicus Peters, 1866 |
Carnivora | 1970s 1 | Japan, Korea, Russia | |
Caribbean monk seal | Neomonachus tropicalis Gray, 1850 |
Carnivora | 1952 1 | Caribbean Sea | |
Giant fossa
|
Cryptoprocta spelea Grandidier, 1902 |
Carnivora | before 1658 1 | ||
Lord Howe long-eared bat | Nyctophilus howensis McKean, 1975 |
Chiroptera
|
prior to 1972 1 | Lord Howe Island, Australia |
Extinct subspecies
Common name | Binomial name | Species | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mississippi Valley wolf
|
Canis rufus gregoryi Goldman, 1937 |
Red wolf (Canis rufus) | Carnivora | 1980 | North America | |
Caucasian wisent | Bison bonasus caucasicus Turkin and Satunin, 1904 |
European bison (Bison bonasus) | Artiodactyla
|
1927 | Europe | |
Carpathian wisent | Bison bonasus hungarorum Kretzoi, 1946 |
European bison (Bison bonasus) | Artiodactyla
|
1852 | Europe | |
Quagga | Equus quagga quagga Boddaert, 1785 |
Plains zebra (Equus quagga) | Perissodactyla | 1883 | Africa | |
Japanese wolf | Canis lupus hodophilax Temminick 1839 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1905 | Asia | |
Hokkaido wolf | Canis lupus hattai Kishida, 1931 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1889 | Asia | |
Atlas bear | Ursus arctos crowtheri Schinz, 1844 |
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | Carnivora | 1890 | Africa | |
Bali tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica Shwarz,1912 |
Tiger (Panthera tigris) | Carnivora | 1950s | Asia | |
Caspian tiger | Panthera tigris tigris Illiger, 1815 |
Tiger (Panthera tigris) | Carnivora | 1970s | Asia | |
Javan tiger | Panthera tigris sondaica Temminick, 1844 |
Tiger (Panthera tigris) | Carnivora | 1980s | Asia | |
Bubal hartebeest | Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus Pallas 1766 |
Hartebeest (Alcephalus buselaphus) | Artiodactyla
|
1925 | Africa | |
Portuguese ibex | Capra pyrenaica lusitanica Schlegel, 1872 |
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) | Artiodactyla
|
1892 | Europe | |
Pyrenean ibex | Capra pyrenaica pyreneica Schinz, 1838 |
Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) | Artiodactyla
|
2000 | Europe | |
Western black rhinoceros | Diceros bicornis longipes Zukowsky, 1999 |
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) | Artiodactyla
|
2011 | Africa | |
Cape lion | Panthera leo melanochaita Smith, 1842 |
Lion (Panthera leo) | Carnivora | mid 19th century | Africa | |
Barbary lion | Panthera leo leo Linnaeus, 1758 |
Lion (Panthera leo) | Carnivora | 1960s | Africa | |
Southern Rocky Mountain wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1935 | North America | |
Kenai Peninsula wolf | Canis lupus occidentalis Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1925 | North America | |
Banks Island wolf
|
Canis lupus arctos Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1952 | North America | |
Newfoundland wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1911 | North America | |
Florida black wolf | Canis rufus floridanus Miller, 1912 |
Red wolf (Canis rufus) | Carnivora | 1934 | North America | |
Cascade Mountains wolf
|
Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1944 | North America | |
Mogollon mountain wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1970s | North America | |
Texas wolf | Canis lupus nubilus Nowak, 1995 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 19th century | North America | |
Sicilian wolf | Canis lupus cristaldii Angelici and Rossi, 2018 |
Grey wolf (Canis lupus)
|
Carnivora | 1924 | Europe | |
Mexican grizzly bear | Ursus arctos nelsoni Merriam, 1914 |
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | Carnivora | 1965 | North America | |
California grizzly bear | Ursus arctos californicus Merriam, 1896 |
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | Carnivora | 1924 | North America | |
Tarpan | Equus ferus ferus Boddaert, 1785 |
Wild horse (Equus ferus) | Perissodactyla | 1909 | Europe |
Extinct in the wild
A species that is extinct in the wild is one which has been
Common name | Binomial name | Order | Date of extinction | Former range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Père David's deer | Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866 |
Artiodactyla
|
1939 1 | China | |
Scimitar oryx | Oryx dammah Cretzschmar, 1827 |
Artiodactyla
|
2000 1 | Sahara Desert |
Possibly extinct
Extinction of taxa is difficult to detect, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.[1] For example, a study found that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered.[3] As of December 2015, the IUCN listed 30 mammalian species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)".[4]
Common name | Binomial name | Order | Last confirmed sighting | Range | Picture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kouprey, or Forest ox |
Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937 |
Artiodactyla
|
1988 1 | ||
Garrido's hutia | Capromys garridoi Varona, 1970 |
Rodentia
|
1989 1[dead link] | Cayo Maja, Cuba | |
Christmas Island shrew | Crocidura trichura Dobson, 1889 |
Eulipotyphla | 1985 1 | ||
Wimmer's shrew | Crocidura wimmeri de Balsac and Aellen, 1958 |
Eulipotyphla | 1976 1 | ||
Baiji, or Yangtze river dolphin |
Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918 |
Cetacea | 2002 [d] 1 | ||
Zuniga's dark rice rat
|
Melanomys zunigae Sanborn |
Rodentia
|
1949 1 | Peru | |
Dwarf hutia | Mesocapromys nanus Allen, 1917 |
Rodentia
|
1937 1 | Ciénaga de Zapata, Cuba |
|
San Felipe hutia, or Little earth hutia |
Mesocapromys sanfelipensis Varona & Garrido, 1970 |
Rodentia
|
1978 1 | Cuba | |
One-striped opossum | Monodelphis unistriata Wagner, 1842 |
Didelphimorphia
|
1899 1 | ||
Gloomy tube-nosed bat | Murina tenebrosa Yoshiyuki, 1970 |
Chiroptera
|
1962 1 | Yaku Island ,Japan |
|
New Zealand greater short-tailed bat | Mystacina robusta Dwyer, 1962 |
Chiroptera
|
1967 1 | Taukihepa / Big South Cape Island, New Zealand | |
Ethiopian amphibious rat, or Ethiopian water mouse |
Nilopegamys plumbeus Osgood, 1928 |
Rodentia
|
1920s 1 | Mouth of the Lesser Abay River ,Ethiopia |
|
Angel Island mouse | Peromyscus guardia Townsend, 1912 |
Rodentia
|
1991 1 | Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Mexico |
|
Puebla deer mouse | Peromyscus mekisturus Merriam, 1898 |
Rodentia
|
1950s 1 | Ciudad Serdan and Tehuacán ,Mexico |
|
Telefomin cuscus | Phalanger matanim Flannery, 1987 |
Diprotodontia | 1997 1 | ||
Montane monkey-faced bat | Pteralopex pulchra Flannery, 1991 |
Chiroptera
|
1990s 1 | ||
Aru flying fox | Pteropus aruensis Peter, 1867 |
Chiroptera
|
1877 1 | ||
Emma's giant rat | Uromys emmae Groves and Flannery, 1994 |
Rodentia
|
1990s 1 | Papua Province ,Indonesia |
|
Emperor rat | Uromys imperator Thomas, 1888 |
Rodentia
|
1888 1 | Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands |
|
Guadalcanal rat | Uromys porculus Thomas, 1904 |
Rodentia
|
1888 1 | Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands |
|
Malabar large-spotted civet, or Malabar civet |
Viverra civettina Blyth, 1862 |
Carnivora | late 1900s [e] 1 |
See also
- Holocene extinction
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct birds
- Lists of mammals by population
Notes
- ^ A 1985 study suggested they may have survived into the 1900s based on local legends of the "comadreja"
- ^ There were reports of unusual rats on Nevis being eaten by islanders in the 1930s.[17]
- ^ Although, 14C dating points their extinction at 1000 C. E., a 1991 study found they coexisted with humans and survived into the 1500s.[18]
- functionally extinct.[19]
- ^ The last confirmed sighting is unknown and their range in the wild is unconfirmed. Camera traps in Karnataka, their presumed habitat, found no individuals after 1,084 nights in 2006.[20]
References
- ^ PMID 20880890.
- ISBN 1421417189. "69"
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4419-3315-7.
- ^ a b "IUCN Red List version 2022.2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-87893-720-2.
- PMID 26601273.
- S2CID 52835862.
- PMID 22747672.
- PMID 26504217.
- ^ Husson, A. M.; Holthuis, L. B. (1969). "On the type of Antilope leucophaea preserved in the collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie Leiden". Zoologische Mededelingen. 44: 147–157.
- ISBN 978-1-4051-9009-1.
- PMID 25675493.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-8317-1435-6.
- ^ PMID 29690027.
- .
- .
- PMID 17686754.
- ^ Rao, S.; Ashraf, N. V. K.; Nixon, A. M. A. (2007). "Search for the Malabar Civet Viverra civettina in Karnataka and Kerala, India, 2006–2007". Small Carnivore Conservation. 37: 6–10.