Schism in Christianity
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In Christianity, a schism occurs when a single religious body divides and becomes two separate religious bodies. The split can be violent or nonviolent but results in at least one of the two newly-created bodies considering itself distinct from the other. This article covers schisms in Christianity.
In the early Christian church, the formation of a distinction between the concepts of "
Definition of schism in Christianity
In
Canon 751 of the Latin Church's 1983 Code of Canon Law, promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1983, defines schism as the following: "schism is the refusal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him".[4] This definition is reused in the Catechism of the Catholic Church.[5]
Lists of Schisms
Schisms in the early Church
Since the early days of Christianity, many disputes have arisen between members of the Church.
The following are instances of denominations are considered as schisms of Early Christianity by the current mainstream
- Marcionist schism (c. 150)[6]
- Montanist Schism (c. 156)[7]
- Monarchianist schism (c. 100-200)[8]
- Sabellianist/Patripassianist schism (c. 200)[9]
- Novatianist schism 250 onwards. Novatianism survived until the 8th century.[10]
- Donatist schism (c. 300-500)[11]
- Arian schism (325)[12]
- Quartodecimanist schism (325)[13]
- Macedonian schism (342)[14]
- Luciferian schism (355)[15]
- Appolinarist schism (381)[16]
- Collyridianist schism (c. 376)[17]
- Nestorian schism (431)[18]
- Eutychian schism (451)[19]
- Monophysite schism (451)[19]
- Acacian schism (484)[20]
- Schism of the Three Chapters (553)[21]
- Armenian Apostolic schism (610)[22]
- Monothelitist schism (629)[23]
- First Iconoclast schism (787)[24]
- Second Iconoclast schism (814)[24]
- The Great Schism of 1054[24]
Schisms in Catholicism before the Reformation
- Catharism schism (1147)
- Bosnian schism (1199)
- Waldensian schism (1215)
- Western Schism (1378)[25]
- Bohemian Reformation (1415) [26]
Reformation
- The Swiss Reformation 1516[27]
- The Anabaptist Reformation 1525[28]
- The English Reformation 1529[29]
- Schism of 1552
- The Scottish Reformation 1560[30]
Post Reformation schisms
- Melkite-Orthodox Schism 1724
- Orthodox Reformation19th century
- Restorationist movement begins 1850s
- Bulgarian schism 1872
- Old Catholic Church schism 1879
- Philippine Independent Church 1902
- Liberal Catholic movement1913
- Liberal Catholic Church schism 1916
- True Orthodoxmovement 1920s
- Old Calendarism schisms 1923
- Church of the East Schism 1964
- Montaner Schism 1967–69
- Continuing Anglican movement schisms begin since 1977
- Society of Saint Pius X Considered materially schismatic from 1988 until 2005, canonically irregular
- Apostolic Catholic Church 1992
- Second Moscow–Constantinople schism 1996
- Anglican realignment schisms begin since 2002
- The separation of the Anglican Church in North America from the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada 2009[31]
- Community of the Lady of All Peoples Quebec Excluded from the Catholic Church in April 2007[32]
- North American Lutheran Church, founded in 2010 by congregations that left the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
- Third Moscow–Constantinople schism 2018
- Global Methodist Church formed by Conservative Methodist who left the United Methodist Church 2022
- Diocese of the Southern Cross formed by Conservative Anglicans who left the Anglican Church of Australia 2022
See also
References
- ^ McGuckin 2014, p. 7.
- ^ In 1 Cor 1.1 as quoted in Thomas P Halton, The Church, (Wilmington, Del.: M. Glazier, 1985), 56
- ^ Hovorun 2014, p. 77.
- ^ "Code of Canon Law – Book III – The teaching function of the Church (Cann. 747-755)". www.vatican.va. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
- ^ "CCC, 2089". Vatican.va.
- JSTOR 4347925.
- ISSN 1937-5239.
- ^ "Monarchianism | Christianity". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
- OCLC 1824537.
- ^ "Novatian". earlychristianwritings.com. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
- ISSN 0036-8733.
- OCLC 1085698140.)
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- S2CID 144983838.
- ISBN 9780192802903.
- JSTOR 2271807.
- OCLC 860626008.
- OCLC 8474388.
- ^ )
- JSTOR 2548079.
- S2CID 144983838.
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- ISSN 0031-9406.
- ^ ISSN 0008-4107.
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- ^ Antwood, Crag D. "Czech Reformation and Hussite Revolution". Oxford bibliographies.
- OCLC 226291754.
- JSTOR 40121427.
- OCLC 475732590.
- ISBN 9780198794493
- S2CID 143958364.
- ^ "Home". communaute-dame.qc.ca.
Sources
- Hovorun, Cyril (2014). "Ecclesiological foundations for Ecumenism". Orthodox Handbook on Ecumenism (1st ed.). Oxford: Regnum book international. pp. 77–85. )
- McGuckin, Fr. John (2014). "The Role of Orthodoxy in World Christianity Today – Historical, Demographic and Theological Perspectives – An Introduction". Orthodox Handbook on Ecumenism (1st ed.). Oxford: Regnum book international. pp. 3–9. )
Further reading
- Ionita, Fr. Viorel (2014). "Bilateral Theological Dialogues of Orthodox Churches – a General Introduction". Orthodox Handbook on Ecumenism (1st ed.). Oxford: Regnum book international. pp. 457–472. )
- Kalaitzidis, Pantelis (2014). "Theological, historical, and cultural reasons for anti-ecumenical movements in Eastern Orthodoxy". Orthodox Handbook on Ecumenism (1st ed.). Oxford: Regnum book international. pp. 134–152. )
- Christine Chaillot, Alexander Belopopsky (1998). Towards Unity. The Theological Dialogue between the Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Geneva: Inter-Orthodox Dialogue. ISBN 9788390695846.
- ISBN 9780521101769.
- W. H. C. Frend (2000). The Donatist Church: A Movement of Protest in Roman North Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198264088.
- Gary L. Ward (1990). Independent Bishops: An International Directory. Omnigraphics Inc. ISBN 978-1558883079.