List of social democrats
This is a partial list of notable
social democrats
.
List
- C. N. Annadurai[1]
- Daniel Andrews
- Jacinda Ardern
- Clement Attlee[2]
- Vincent Auriol
- Obafemi Awolowo
- Oliver Baldwin
- José Batlle y Ordóñez[3]
- Adam Bandt
- Gustav Bauer
- Otto Bauer(Classical)
- David Ben-Gurion
- Victor L. Berger
- Ingmar Bergman[4]
- Eduard Bernstein(Classical) [5]
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
- Robert Blatchford
- Hjalmar Branting[6]
- Ed Broadbent
- Gordon Brown
- Gro Harlem Brundtland
- James Callaghan
- Lázaro Cárdenas
- Pedro Sanchez
- Francisco de Sá Carneiro
- Ben Chifley
- Helen Clark
- Job Cohen
- Brendan Corish
- Anthony Crosland[7]
- António Costa
- John Curtin
- Hugh Dalton
- Richard Di Natale
- Tommy Douglas
- Willem Drees
- Alexander Dubček
- Özgür Özel
- Friedrich Ebert
- Friedrich Engels(Classical)
- Tage Erlander
- Tim Farron
- Peter Fraser
- Mette Frederiksen
- Hugh Gaitskell
- Indira Gandhi
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Einar Gerhardsen
- Ciro Gomes
- Mikhail Gorbachev
- Tarja Halonen
- Per Albin Hansson
- Keir Hardie
- Michael Harrington
- Bob Hawke
- Rudolf Hilferding
- Morris Hillquit
- Daniel Hoan
- Sidney Hook
- Christopher Hornsrud
- Ekrem İmamoğlu[8]
- Erdal İnönü
- Karl Kautsky(Classical)
- Paul Keating
- Joan Kirner
- Thorbjørn Jagland
- Roy Jenkins
- Anker Jørgensen
- M. Karunanidhi[9]
- Charles Kennedy
- Alexander Kerensky
- Anna Kéthly
- Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- Norman Kirk
- Bruno Kreisky
- Wim Kok
- Oskar Lafontaine
- Ferdinand Lassalle
- Jack Layton
- Vladimir Lenin(Classical) [10]
- René Lévesque
- David Lewis
- Karl Liebknecht(Classical)
- Theodor Liebknecht(Classical)
- Wilhelm Liebknecht(Classical) [11]
- Paavo Lipponen
- Huey Long
- Rosa Luxemburg(Classical) [12]
- Vassos Lyssarides
- Sicco Mansholt[13]
- Julius Martov
- Karl Marx(Classical)
- Malcolm MacDonald
- Ramsay MacDonald
- Dom Mintoff
- Hermann Müller
- Tomiichi Murayama
- Alva Myrdal
- Gunnar Myrdal
- Walter Nash
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Pietro Nenni
- Johan Nygaardsvold
- Sandro Pertini
- Romano Prodi
- Carlos Alvarado Quesada
- Yitzhak Rabin
- Poul Nyrup Rasmussen
- Walter Reuther
- Maximilien de Robespierre(Radicalism) [14]
- Roh Hoe-chan
- Noe Ramishvili
- Carlo Rosselli
- Bayard Rustin
- Giuseppe Saragat
- Michael Joseph Savage
- Philipp Scheidemann
- Willem Schermerhorn
- Helmut Schmidt[15]
- Bill Shorten
- Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir
- Jagmeet Singh
- Mário Soares
- Luis Guillermo Solís
- Hugo Chávez
- Kalevi Sorsa
- Paul-Henri Spaak[16]
- Thorvald Stauning
- Jens Stoltenberg
- Frans Timmermans
- Pieter Jelles Troelstra
- Filippo Turati
- Sidney Webb
- Harold Wilson
- Gough Whitlam
- Joop den Uyl
- Shelly Yachimovich
- Frank Zeidler
- Noe Zhordania
- Bülent Ecevit
Head of state
Head of government
Legislature
References
Citations
- ^ Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Aringnar Anna).
- ^ Phillips 2005.
- ^ La República 2007.
- ^ Björkman, Manns & Sima 1973, pp. 176–178.
- ^ Bernstein 1907; Steger 1997; Bernstein 2004; Marxists Internet Archive: "Originally a collaborator of Engels, Eduard Bernstein became the foremost theoretician of revisionism, the theoretical expression of the growing reformism within German and international Social Democracy at the end of the 19th century."
- ^ Lange 2020.
- ^ Bogdanor 1985, p. 49.
- ^ Sosyal Demokrat Dergi 2016; İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi 2019.
- ^ Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Muthuvel Karunanidhi).
- ^ Sunkara 2020.
- ^ Chopra & Young 2019.
- ^ Draper 1966, "Chapter 7: The "Revisionist" Facade"; Sunkara 2020.
- ^ Kreisky 2000, p. 378; Wolinetz 2008, p. 182.
- ^ Mathiez 1999; Jones 2007; Montefiore 2017.
- ^ a b Slomp 2011, p. 145.
- ^ Rodríguez García 2010, p. 254.
- ^ Gaur et al. 2020.
- ^ Qiu 2015; Barro 2015; Tupy 2016; Cooper 2018; Levitz 2019; Krugman 2020.
Sources
- Barro, Josh (20 October 2015). "Bernie Sanders, Democratic Socialist Capitalist". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
'It's not socialism, it's social democracy, which is a big difference,' said Mike Konczal, an economic policy expert at the left-wing Roosevelt Institute.
- Bernstein, Eduard (1907) [1899]. Evolutionary Socialism. Translated by Harvey, Edith C. Independent Labour Party.
- ISBN 978-0-521-39121-4.
- ISBN 978-0-3068-0520-2.
- ISBN 978-0-7190-1085-9.
- Chopra, Swati; Young, Grace (3 August 2019). "Wilhelm Liebknecht". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- Cooper, Ryan (10 January 2018). "Bernie Sanders and the rise of American social democracy". The Week. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
Despite Sanders' self-identification as a 'democratic socialist,' all this is classic social democracy [...].
- Draper, Hal (1966). "The Two Souls of Socialism". New Politics. 5 (1): 57–84.
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. "Aringnar Anna" (in Hindi). Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. "Muthuvel Karunanidhi" (in Hindi). Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
- Gaur, Aakanksha; Kalsang Bhutia, Thinley; Lotha, Gloria; Sampaolo, Marco; Sheetz, Kathleen; Shukla, Gaurav; Sinha, Surabhi; Tikkanen, Amy; Young, Grace (10 February 2020). "Willy Brandt". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (29 August 2019). "Başkan İmamoğlu: "Şehirlerde Demokratık kuralların varlığına önemsıyoruz" (in Turkish). İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- Jones, Colin (20 December 2007). "At the Heart of the Terror". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
Robespierre's life was worth celebrating because he had consistently befriended the poor, defended the oppressed, championed social democracy, and fought for a fairer society.
- ISBN 978-1-57181-155-4.
- Krugman, Paul (13 February 2020). "Bernie Sanders Isn't a Socialist". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
[Bernie Sanders] doesn't want to nationalize our major industries and replace markets with central planning; he has expressed admiration, not for Venezuela, but for Denmark. He's basically what Europeans would call a social democrat — and social democracies like Denmark are, in fact, quite nice places to live, with societies that are, if anything, freer than our own.
- Lange, Christian (11 March 2020). "Hjalmar Branting: The Nobel Peace Prize 1921". Nobel Prize. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- Levitz, Eric (23 April 2019). "Bernie Sanders: 'Democratic Socialist' Is Just a Synonym for New Deal Liberal". New York. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
Here Sanders was referencing Roosevelt's Second Bill of Rights — the outline for American social democracy that the Democratic Party's patron saint sketched one year before his death. [...] In other words, Sanders is an admirer of European social democracy who sees FDR's Second Bill of Rights (not Karl Marx's Das Kapital) as the seminal articulation of his political philosophy.
- Marxists Internet Archive. "Eduard Bernstein Reference Archive". Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
- ISBN 88-85378-00-5.
- ISBN 978-1-47460-647-9.
Some see Robespierre as one of the founding fathers of social democracy, his revolutionary excesses occasioned by his championing the cause of the people.
- Phillips, Trevor (21 April 2005). "Commission for Racial Equality: Clement Attlee Lecture: Trevor Phillips's speech". Commission for Racial Equality. Archived from the original on 16 August 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- Qiu, Linda (26 August 2015). "Bernie Sanders — socialist or democratic socialist?". PolitiFact. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
With these positions, Sanders is technically a social democrat [...].
- La República (30 November 2007). "Nuevo impulso conservador". La República (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 May 2019.
- Rodríguez García, Magaly (2010). Liberal Workers of the World, Unite?: The ICFTU and the Defence of Labour Liberalism in Europe and Latin America (1949–1969). Trade Unions Past, Present, and Future. Vol. 5. Bern: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-0343-0112-1.
- Slomp, Hans (2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8.
- Sosyal Demokrat Dergi (10 June 2016). "Beylikdüzü Belediye Başkanı Ekrem İmamoğlu: "Toplumsal Huzur ve Sürdürülebilir Bir Kent İçin Sosyal Demokrasi Şart". Sosyal Demokrat Dergi (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- Steger, Manfred B. (1997). The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism: Eduard Bernstein and Social Democracy. Cambridge University Press.
- Sunkara, Bhaskar (15 January 2020). "The Long Shot of Democratic Socialism Is Our Only Shot". Jacobin. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
So until 1914, when war fractured the socialist movement, Lenin and Luxemburg were part of social democracy, not something apart from it. They were very much engaged in the struggle to make parties like the SPD radical, democratic organizations, capable of waging a fight against capitalism.
- Tupy, Marian (1 March 2016). "Bernie Is Not a Socialist and America Is Not Capitalist". The Atlantic. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
First, Sanders is not a socialist, but a social democrat. Second, the United States does not have a strictly capitalist economy, but a mixed one.
- Wolinetz, Steven (2008). "Trimming Sails: The Dutch and the EU Constitution after the Referendum". In Laursen, Finn (ed.). The Rise and Fall of the EU's Constitutional Treaty. Constitutional Law Library. Vol. 5. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-900416806-0.