List of countries by government debt

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List of sovereign states by public debt
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General government debt in OECD (% of GDP)

This is a list of countries by government debt. Gross government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments.[1]: 81  A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations.[1]: 207  Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.[1]: 208, s7.243  Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates.[1]: 208–209, s7.246 

Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits.[2] A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues.[3] [1]: 79–82 

In the list below, government debt is measured for the general government sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial, regional, and local governments, and social security funds.[1]: 18, s2.58, s2.59 

To make the numbers comparable across countries of different size, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country's gross domestic product (GDP). For context on the magnitude of the debt numbers, European Union member countries have an agreement, the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), to maintain a general government gross debt of no more than 60% of GDP.[4] The aim of the SGP is to prevent excessive debt burdens.[5]

Government debt as a percentage of GDP

When data is not available, numbers are

IMF
staff estimates.

Country and region General government gross debt[6]
(Percent of GDP, 2022)
General government net debt[7]
(Percent of GDP, 2021)
Afghanistan n/a
Albania 67.581 64.1
Algeria 52.397 51.9
Andorra 38.788
Angola 67.050
Antigua and Barbuda 90.562
Argentina 84.466
Armenia 49.273
Aruba 92.004
Australia 55.702 34.6
Austria 77.786 60.6
Azerbaijan 20.675
Bahamas
89.414
Bahrain 117.587
Bangladesh 39.088
Barbados 120.781 134.3
Belarus 39.753
Belgium 105.270 93.7
Belize 64.141
Benin 52.386
Bhutan 124.795
Bolivia 82.616 70.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina 29.556 22.0
Botswana 19.949 14.2
Brazil 85.906 57.2
Brunei Darussalam
2.063
Bulgaria 21.844 13.7
Burkina Faso 54.309
Burundi 68.300
Cabo Verde (Cape Verde) 127.407 130.5
Cambodia 36.533
Cameroon 46.432 44.1
Canada 106.590 31.6
Central African Republic 50.687
Chad 50.367
Chile 37.977 20.1
China 77.097
Colombia 63.626 56.8
Comoros 29.064
Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo) 14.580
Congo (Republic of Congo) 99.565
Costa Rica 63.768
Côte d'Ivoire
56.750
Croatia 67.535
Cuba
Cyprus 86.501 51.0
Czech Republic 42.349 26.4
Denmark 29.658 11.0
Djibouti 40.614 45.8
Dominica 104.788
Dominican Republic 58.919 49.3
Ecuador 57.303
Egypt 88.534 84.5
El Salvador 77.236
Equatorial Guinea 27.147 29.7
Eritrea 163.769
Estonia 17.160 4.4
Eswatini 45.353 38.0
Ethiopia 46.372 49.6
Fiji 92.802 82.2
Finland 74.807 34.1
France 111.063 101.1
Gabon 55.054
Gambia
83.952
Georgia 39.772
Germany 66.535 47.0
Ghana 88.767 77.3
Greece 177.434
Grenada 64.508
Guatemala 30.127
Guinea 33.404
Guinea-Bissau 79.529
Guyana 27.809 38.4
Haiti 25.010
Honduras 50.022
Hong Kong SAR
4.255
Hungary 76.351 69.8
Iceland 68.726 59.5
India 83.126
Indonesia 39.934 37.9
Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran) 34.006 36.1
Iraq 43.300
Ireland 45.190 50.4
Israel 60.931 65.1
Italy 144.696 138.3
Jamaica 84.124
Japan 261.289 168.1
Jordan 89.425 91.8
Kazakhstan 23.497 -3.3
Kenya 67.936 62.6
Kiribati 15.214
Korea 54.331 20.9
Korea (North Korea)
Kosovo 19.319
Kuwait 2.923
Kyrgyz Republic
53.528
Lao P.D.R.
128.514
Latvia 41.609 34.5
Lebanon
Lesotho 57.907 17.5
Liberia 55.366 48.6
Libya
Lithuania 39.561 39.8
Luxembourg 24.305 -10.8
Macao SAR
0.000
Madagascar 56.989
Malawi 70.139
Malaysia 66.265
Maldives 114.943
Mali 53.218 44.8
Malta 55.829 46.2
Marshall Islands 21.196
Mauritania 47.740 48.6
Mauritius 80.869
Mexico 56.029 49.9
Micronesia 14.026
Moldova 33.523
Mongolia 82.427
Montenegro 71.231
Morocco 68.788 68.4
Mozambique 104.516
Myanmar 63.896
Namibia 71.278 70.8
Nauru 24.265
Nepal 43.830
Netherlands 48.507 42.8
New Zealand 52.792 14.5
Nicaragua 45.956
Niger 51.076 45.0
Nigeria 38.017 36.2
North Macedonia 51.799 52.3
Norway 39.603 -86.7
Oman 40.148 25.5
Pakistan 75.753 67.4
Palau
Panama 54.892 40.8
Papua New Guinea 49.193
Paraguay 40.870 33.4
Peru 33.373 19.2
Philippines 57.520
Poland 49.577 40.8
Portugal 116.048 120.1
Puerto Rico 16.312
Qatar 45.308
Romania 48.728 42.3
Russia 19.597
Rwanda 64.425
Saint Kitts and Nevis 64.752
Saint Lucia 83.484
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 86.799
Samoa 43.727
San Marino 81.166
São Tomé and Príncipe 58.099
Saudi Arabia 22.573 17.7
Senegal 74.970
Serbia 53.539 52.6
Seychelles 63.427 62.4
Sierra Leone 98.848
Singapore 134.159
Slovakia 58.821 51.3
Slovenia 70.245 49.5
Solomon Islands 16.853 7.3
Somalia
South Africa 71.016 63.2
South Sudan 39.639 64.6
Spain 111.978 102.8
Sri Lanka 117.661
Sudan 127.552
Suriname 123.158
Sweden 31.686 8.5
Switzerland 39.122 21.6
Syria n/a n/a
Taiwan 27.465 26.5
Tajikistan 34.631
Tanzania 41.622
Thailand 60.542
Timor-Leste
7.490
Togo 68.037
Tonga 46.581
Trinidad and Tobago 53.750 11.5
Tunisia 79.364
Turkey 31.178 33.8
Turkmenistan 5.186
Tuvalu 7.587
Uganda 50.834
Ukraine 81.693
United Arab Emirates 29.958
United Kingdom 102.636 84.3
United States 121.683 99.6
Uruguay 61.000 54.7
Uzbekistan 34.295
Vanuatu 45.752
Venezuela 157.809
Vietnam 37.091
West Bank and Gaza 59.776
Yemen 73.531 69.3
Zambia n/a 117.5
Zimbabwe 92.824

Public debt per capita

The figures here are represented per capita.

Country ( (Forex) [8][9][11] Year
 Japan * $102,503 $91,768 2017
 Singapore * $97,852 $60,016 2017
 Qatar * $77,278 $37,990 2017
 Greece * $50,562 $33,905 2017
 Italy * $49,060 $41,056 2017
 Ireland * $47,822 $44,871 2017
 Belgium * $47,291 $44,119 2017
 
United States *
$46,645 $46,645 2017
 Canada * $44,348 $41,323 2017
 Bahrain * $43,659 $21,673 2017
 France * $41,040 $37,189 2017
 Austria * $39,419 $37,310 2017
 United Kingdom * $39,311 $35,320 2017
 Portugal * $38,127 $26,462 2017
 Bermuda * $37,015 $37,015 2016
 Spain * $35,466 $26,210 2017
 Germany * $33,349 $29,394 2017
 Aruba * $30,674 $19,918 2016
 Netherlands * $30,452 $27,415 2017
 Barbados * $28,001 $26,777 2017
 Finland * $27,111 $27,986 2017
 Switzerland * $26,367 $34,225 2017
 Norway * $25,900 $27,095 2017
 Cyprus * $25,047 $17,103 2017
 Slovenia * $24,939 $17,110 2017
 Luxembourg * $23,582 $23,742 2017
 Israel * $22,922 $25,351 2017
 Malta * $21,746 $14,204 2017
 Antigua and Barbuda * $21,709 $13,796 2017
 Australia * $21,695 $23,990 2017
 Hungary * $21,693 $10,427 2017
 Lebanon * $21,238 $13,039 2017
 Iceland * $21,169 $28,505 2017
 Sweden * $21,048 $21,763 2017
 Kuwait * $20,462 $8,525 2017
 Puerto Rico * $20,360 $16,320 2017
 
Bahamas *
$19,796 $19,960 2017
 Oman * $19,326 $7,196 2017
 U.S. Virgin Islands * $19,292 $25,819 2017
 Croatia * $18,601 $9,976 2017
 
Seychelles *
$18,482 $10,068 2017
 Saint Kitts and Nevis * $18,363 $11,420 2017
 Taiwan * $18,027 $8,682 2017
 Denmark * $17,487 $19,784 2017
 Slovakia * $16,798 $8,970 2017
 Andorra * $15,915 $12,973 2016
 Malaysia * $15,873 $5,313 2017
 South Korea * $15,633 $11,830 2017
 Uruguay * $15,241 $11,540 2017
 Poland * $14,829 $6,912 2017
 Equatorial Guinea * $14,783 $5,858 2017
 Trinidad and Tobago * $14,735 $7,834 2017
 San Marino * $14,726 $11,722 2017
 United Arab Emirates * $14,133 $7,769 2017
 Faroe Islands * $13,728 $18,969 2015
 Mauritius * $13,262 $6,253 2017
 New Zealand * $13,180 $14,045 2017
 Brazil * $13,064 $8,265 2017
 Lithuania * $13,000 $6,717 2017
 Egypt * $12,474 $2,450 2017
 Czech Republic * $12,206 $7,007 2017
 Montenegro * $12,122 $5,234 2017
 Argentina * $11,884 $8,217 2017
 Mongolia * $11,701 $3,281 2017
 
Maldives *
$11,236 $7,335 2017
 Saint Lucia * $10,859 $7,202 2017
 Gabon * $10,847 $4,418 2017
 Mexico * $10,618 $4,962 2017
 Panama * $10,353 $6,150 2017
 Grenada * $10,252 $7,021 2017
 Nauru * $10,235 $7,293 2017
 Latvia * $10,194 $5,724 2017
 Suriname * $10,069 $3,963 2017
 Belarus * $10,055 $3,051 2017
 Bhutan * $9,993 $3,336 2017
 Sri Lanka * $9,663 $3,060 2017
 Iraq * $9,644 $2,858 2017
 Jamaica * $9,360 $5,305 2017
 Serbia * $9,333 $3,658 2017
 Azerbaijan * $9,273 $2,190 2017
 Saudi Arabia * $9,226 $3,569 2017
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * $9,167 $5,688 2017
 Dominica * $8,747 $6,223 2017
 Albania * $8,457 $3,070 2017
 Tunisia * $8,406 $2,439 2017
 Cape Verde * $8,360 $3,931 2017
 Romania * $8,291 $3,634 2017
 Belize * $8,257 $4,757 2017
 Costa Rica * $8,230 $5,713 2017
 Jordan * $8,161 $3,680 2017
 China * $7,878 $4,077 2017
 Iran * $7,802 $2,049 2017
 Guam * $7,631 $7,631 2017
 Turkey * $7,613 $2,966 2017
 Congo * $7,594 $2,253 2017
 Thailand * $7,548 $2,781 2017
 South Africa * $7,342 $3,343 2017
 Colombia * $7,298 $3,225 2017
 Curaçao * $6,912 $12,375 2014
 Dominican Republic * $6,249 $2,748 2017
 Ukraine * $5,970 $1,811 2017
 Chile * $5,952 $3,647 2017
 Cuba * $5,879 $4,024 2017
 North Macedonia * $5,755 $2,109 2017
 Morocco * $5,665 $2,074 2017
 El Salvador * $5,615 $2,723 2017
 Turkmenistan * $5,519 $2,019 2017
 Greenland * $5,437 $5,005 2016
 Ecuador * $5,311 $2,870 2017
 Kazakhstan * $5,311 $1,769 2017
 Gibraltar * $5,203 $5,203 2014
 India * $5,202 $1,429 2017
 Bulgaria * $5,198 $1,928 2017
 Sudan * $5,003 $1,292 2017
 Armenia * $4,990 $2,032 2017
 Venezuela * $4,684 $2,579 2017
 Bosnia and Herzegovina * $4,600 $1,864 2017
 Fiji * $4,555 $2,582 2017
 Guyana * $4,441 $2,510 2017
 Russia * $4,380 $1,721 2017
 Mauritania * $4,347 $1,241 2017
 Laos * $4,338 $1,492 2017
 Namibia * $4,337 $2,159 2017
 Algeria * $4,159 $1,106 2017
 Angola * $4,145 $2,709 2017
 Vietnam * $3,911 $1,329 2017
 Georgia * $3,632 $1,382 2017
 Bolivia * $3,628 $1,637 2017
 Indonesia * $3,562 $1,112 2017
 Peru * $3,488 $1,737 2017
 Ghana * $3,424 $1,201 2017
 
Pakistan *
$3,420 $983 2017
 Philippines * $3,305 $1,182 2017
 Eswatini * $3,030 $1,154 2017
 Estonia * $3,013 $1,878 2017
 São Tomé and Príncipe * $2,966 $1,699 2017
 Palau * $2,957 $3,271 2017
 Samoa * $2,773 $2,051 2017
 Tonga * $2,666 $2,053 2017
 Zambia * $2,645 $986 2017
 Paraguay * $2,468 $1,081 2017
 Syria * $2,450 $1,199 2016
 Botswana * $2,428 $1,082 2017
 
Gambia *
$2,336 $623 2017
 Kyrgyzstan * $2,216 $724 2017
 Kosovo * $2,178 $788 2017
 Moldova * $2,173 $876 2017
 Brunei * $2,105 $754 2017
 Eritrea * $2,066 $1,277 2017
 Guatemala * $2,057 $1,126 2017
 Anguilla * $2,024 $2,024 2013
 Zimbabwe * $2,010 $1,035 2017
 Burma * $1,992 $406 2017
 Nicaragua * $1,992 $756 2017
 Honduras * $1,992 $988 2017
 Yemen * $1,913 $813 2017
 West Bank $1,850 $857 2015
 Kenya * $1,833 $887 2017
 Uzbekistan * $1,805 $395 2017
 Senegal * $1,762 $679 2017
 Ivory Coast * $1,739 $724 2017
 Northern Mariana Islands * $1,696 $1,696 2017
 Tajikistan * $1,665 $418 2017
 Papua New Guinea * $1,585 $1,041 2017
 American Samoa * $1,579 $1,579 2017
 Bangladesh * $1,433 $543 2017
 Tuvalu * $1,394 $1,328 2017
 Somalia * $1,392 $480 2017
 Mozambique * $1,391 $472 2017
 Djibouti * $1,309 $730 2017
 Vanuatu * $1,297 $1,462 2017
 Cameroon * $1,289 $504 2017
 South Sudan * $1,229 $188 2017
 Benin * $1,222 $445 2017
 Nigeria * $1,201 $403 2017
 Togo * $1,201 $441 2017
 Cambodia * $1,187 $408 2017
 Sierra Leone * $1,169 $366 2017
 Lesotho * $1,143 $472 2017
 Tanzania * $1,084 $345 2017
 Ethiopia * $1,003 $404 2017
 Chad * $949 $327 2017
 Guinea-Bissau * $932 $397 2017
 Guinea * $894 $328 2017
 Uganda * $873 $261 2017
 Micronesia * $823 $775 2017
 Rwanda * $820 $304 2017
 Mali * $792 $295 2017
 Nepal * $703 $221 2017
 Burkina Faso * $692 $243 2017
 Malawi * $669 $186 2017
 Marshall Islands * $660 $748 2017
 Haiti * $576 $248 2017
 Madagascar * $559 $161 2017
 Kiribati * $546 $474 2017
 Comoros * $520 $257 2017
 Niger * $498 $188 2017
 Liberia * $437 $235 2017
 Libya * $431 $213 2017
 Burundi * $349 $148 2017
 Central African Republic * $312 $178 2017
 East Timor * $213 $80 2017
 
Solomon Islands *
$189 $185 2017
 DR Congo * $146 $88 2017
 Afghanistan * $139 $41 2017
 Hong Kong * $63 $47 2017
 Falkland Islands * $0 $0 2015
 Macau * $0 $0 2017

See also

Nation specific

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f International Monetary Fund (2014). "Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014" (PDF).
  2. ^ OECD Data. "General government debt". OECD.org.
  3. ^ OECD Data. "General government deficit". OECD.org.
  4. ^ "Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union – PROTOCOLS – Protocol (No 12) on the excessive deficit procedure".
  5. ^ "Applying the rules of the stability and growth pact".
  6. ^ [1]
  7. ^ International Monetary Fund (October 2022). "World Economic Outlook Database".
  8. ^ a b "Country Comparison :: Population — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018.
  9. ^ a b "Field Listing :: Public debt — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018.
  10. ^ "Field Listing :: GDP (purchasing power parity) — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019.
  11. ^ "Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate) — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019.