List of websites founded before 1995

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The first website was created in August 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, a European nuclear research agency. Berners-Lee's WorldWideWeb browser became publicly available the same month. By the end of 1992, there were ten websites.[1] The World Wide Web began to enter everyday use in 1993, helping to grow the number of websites to 130 by the end of the year.[2] In 1994, websites for the general public became available.[2] By the end of 1994, the total number of websites was 2,278, including several notable websites and many precursors of today's most popular services.[1]

By the end of 1995, the number of websites had expanded significantly, with some 23,500 sites.[1] Thus, this list of websites founded before 1995 covers the early innovators. Of the 2,879 websites established before 1995, those listed here meet one or more of the following:

  • They still exist (albeit in some cases with different names).
  • They made a significant contribution to the history of the World Wide Web.
  • They helped to shape modern Web content, such as
    weblogs
    .

For this list, the term website is interpreted as a unique hostname that can be resolved into an IP address.

1991 websites

The following list of websites established in 1991 is in chronological order.

CERN

CERN, a research center in Switzerland, created the first website.[3] The Web was publicly announced with a post to the Usenet newsgroup alt.hypertext on August 6, 1991.[4] There is a snapshot of the site from November 1992 at The World Wide Web project.[3]

World Wide Web Virtual Library

The World Wide Web Virtual Library is a website started as Tim Berners-Lee's web catalog at CERN. There is a snapshot of the site from November 1992 at Subject listing – Information by Subject.[5][6]

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) at Stanford University visited Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in September 1991. He was impressed by the WWW project and brought a copy of the software back to Stanford. SLAC launched the first web server in North America on December 12, 1991.[7] SLAC's first web page was the SLACVM Information Service.[8]

1992 websites

Near the end of 1992, there were fifty to sixty websites, according to a robot web crawl by Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica researcher Guido van Rossum.[9] The following list is in chronological order.

Nikhef

Nikhef, the Dutch National Institute for Subatomic Physics, launched the third website in the world in February 1992.[10][11] It was originally at nic.nikhef.nl.

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

The

NCSA Mosaic web browser, as well as documentation on the web and a "What's New?" list which many people used as an early web directory.[12]

FNAL

high-energy physics laboratory in Illinois, created fnal.gov, the second or third website in the United States.[13] It was established in June 1992.[13]

SunSITE

FTP service and was hosted by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[14] It was a comprehensive archiving project that was a collaboration between Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation and the Office of Information Technology at the University of North Carolina.[14]

Ohio State University

The Ohio State University Department of Computer and Information Science developed early gateway programs and undertook the mass conversion of existing documents, including the main page for RFCs, TeXinfo, UNIX, and the Usenet.

IN2P3

The French National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics (

IN2P3) launched its website at Centre de Calcul in 1992.[10]

HUJI

The

RTL website and the tenth website to go online.[15]

The Exploratorium

The Exploratorium in San Francisco, California was one of the first science museums to go online.[16]

youngmonkey

Initially hosted as a .nb.ca domain, youngmonkey showcased music and writing projects and

credit card verification; and the first web streaming video distribution, and pay-per-view online video system. It came online at some point between 1991 and 1992. It moved to www.youngmonkey.ca
in April 1995.

simianpress

simianpress was a manifestation of youngmonkey. It was a showcase for graphic design and publishing projects, likely offering the first professional website design. It merged with youngmonkey in 1995.[citation needed]

CBSS

CBSS, Inc. was a network consulting firm in Houston, Texas that came online in late 1992. The Website is no longer maintained but still visible at www.cbss.com.

better source needed
]

KEK

KEK: The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization established the first web page in Japan. It was created by Yohei Morita [ja] at the suggestion of Tim Berners-Lee in September 1992. CERN's website was linked to the KEK page on September 30, 1992.[19] It is still online at KEK Entry Point.[20]

Cybergrass

Bob Cherr launched the Bluegrass Music News and Information, the first music-based website, on September 9, 1992.

Xerox Palo Alto Research Center vax, parcvax.xerox.com. It now resides at www.cybergrass.com.[23]

1993 websites

By the end of 1993, there were 623 websites, according to a study by Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Matthew Gray.[24] The following list of websites established in 1993 is in alphabetical order.

ALIWEB

ALIWEB (Archie Like Indexing for the WEB) was the first search engine created for the Web.[25] It was announced in November 1993 by its developer Martijn Koster but was relatively short-lived.[26][25]

Bloomberg.com

Bloomberg.com is a financial portal with information on markets, currency conversion, news and events, and Bloomberg Terminal subscriptions.[27]

Chabad.org

Chabad.org is the flagship website of the Chabad Hasidic Judaism movement.[28]

CURIA

Peter Flynn from University College Cork (UCC) saw Tim Berners-Lee demonstrating the Web at a RARE WG3 meeting. He tasked Berners-Lee with installing software at UCC for the CURIA project, now known as Corpus of Electronic Texts.[29]

Doctor Fun

Doctor Fun was one of the first webcomics. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications called it "a major breakthrough for the Web".[30][31][32] It laid the foundation for today's webcomics.[17]

Électricité de France

RENATER through a 155Mb link, every time IT shut it down. Electricité de France's R&D later submitted patches to CERN httpd and was active in Web standardization.[citation needed
]

Global Network Navigator

Created by

Bolt Beranek and Newman and was launched in October 1993.[33]

Haystack Observatory

Haystack Observatory's website explained its radio and radar remote sensing mission and provided data access for science users. John Holt rolled out its content on December 13, 1993.[citation needed] The website is still active at www.haystack.mit.edu. The original web page format is archived at www.haystack.mit.edu/orig/.[34][35]

IMDb

The

Internet Movie Database (IMDb) was founded in 1990 by participants in the Usenet newsgroup rec.arts.movies.[36] IMDb was launched on the web in late 1993 and was initially hosted by the computer science department of Cardiff University in Wales.[37][38][39]

Internet Underground Music Archive

online music stores.[40][41][42]

Joachim Jarre Society

The Joachim Jarre Society website was created by students at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in November 1993. It was one of the first websites in Norway.[citation needed]

JumpStation

Jonathon Fletcher on December 12, 1993.[43][44][45][46][47][48] It was hosted at the University of Stirling in Scotland and operated until 1994.[49]

LANL preprint archive

The

LANL preprint archive provided web access to thousands of papers in physics, mathematics, computer science, and biology. It was developed by Paul Ginsparg out of earlier Gopher, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and e-mail archives at the Los Alamos National Laboratory[50][51][52] It was launched in April 1993 and moved to Cornell University as ArXiv when Ginsparg took a position there in 2001.[52] It is still active as arxiv.org

LSD.com

LSD.com, the "digital acid test" came online on November 18, 1993.

better source needed
]

The OTIS Project

After a start as an

SunSITE.[55][54] It remains at sito.org/
.

The Tech

The Tech, the campus newspaper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was the first newspaper to deliver content over the Web, beginning in May 1993.[56][57]

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It was launched in 1993.[36]

Nexor

Martijn Koster created a website for Nexor, an early Internet software company.[58]

MTV

VJ Adam Curry registered the music television network's domain in 1993 and personally ran an unofficial site.[11] Later, MTV sued Curry over the rights to the domain.[11] The corporate website is still live at www.mtv.com/

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone

Nippon Telegraph and Telephone or NTT (WWW Servers in Japan (日本のホームページ, Nihon no houmu peiji, lit. "Home Pages in Japan") was the most famous web page in Japan in the mid-1990s.[59] The page launched in December 1993.[60] It still has a website at group.ntt/en

PARC Map Server

PARC Map Server is the earliest precursor of MapQuest and Google Maps.[citation needed]

PARC Researcher

PARC Researcher was created by PARC researcher, Steve Putz, who tied an existing map viewing program to the Web. It is now defunct.[61]

photo.net

Philip Greenspun designed and founded photo.net, an online photography resource and community.[62] Later, Greenspun released the software behind photo.net, the ArsDigita Community System, as a free open-source toolkit for building community websites.[63]

Principia Cybernetica

cybernetic philosophy.[64][65][66] This is probably the first complex, collaborative knowledge system, sporting a hierarchical structure, index, map, annotations, search, and hyperlinks
. It went online in July 1993.

ExPASy

life sciences website. it went online in August 1993 and is still active at www.expasy.org.[67][68]

Trojan Room coffee pot

Trojan Room coffee pot was the first webcam.[69][70][71] It started as a local system, XCoffee, in 1991 and was connected to the Web in November 1993.[72]

Trincoll Journal

webzine published by students at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut.[73][74][75] It was established in 1992 as a local network and moved to the web in November 1993.[75]
It went defunct in the spring of 2000.

Wired.com

Previously called Wired News and

Wired.com was purchased by Lycos.[77] It is still live at www.wired.com/
.

1994 websites

By mid-1994, there were 2,738 websites, according to a study by Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Matthew Gray.[24] By the end of 1994, there were more than 10,000 websites. The following selected list of websites is in alphabetical order.

ALIWEB

ALIWEB, an acronym for Archie Like Indexing for the Web, was the first web search engine.[78] It was announced in November 1993 by Martijn Koster and went online in May 1994.[78][26]

Allied Artists Entertainment Group

The movie studio and film distribution company Allied Artists Entertainment Group (now Allied Artists International), registered URLs in 1993 and launched its website in 1994.[79][citation needed]

American Marketing Association

A group of marketing professors created a website for the American Marketing Association professional association in 1994. The website offered general marketing news for marketers and marketing professors. Approximately a year later, the site was moved to www.ama.org, where it remains.[80]

Amnesty International Canada

The International Secretariat and the Computer Communications Working Group of Amnesty International Canada created a human rights website in 1994. It still operates at amnesty.ca.[citation needed]

Apple Inc.

NCSA Mosaic browser.[81] Snapshots of early versions of this site are available through the Version Museum
.

Art.Net

Lile Elam created Art.Net or Art on the Net in June 1994 to showcase the artwork of

publicly traded art market
website based in New York City.

Art Crimes

graffiti art website and originally served as an archive of photos from around the world. It became an important academic resource as well as a thriving online community.[82] Its early content was moved to the Graffiti Archives in August 2015.[83]

The Amazing FishCam

Zetta
, but has since ceased operations.

Automatic Complaint-Letter Generator

Scott Pakin created the Automatic Complaint-Letter Generator in April 1994. The site allows users to specify the name of the individual or company that the complaint is directed toward, as well as the number of paragraphs the complaint will have. After submitting the data, the computer generates sentences that are composed of arbitrary verbs, nouns, and adjectives. This website is still active at www.pakin.org/complaint.[86][87][88]

The Barney Fun Page

An early online game or

Barney the Dinosaur with icons representing a knife, gun, and other weapons. Hosted originally on a University of Alberta[89] computer system in October 1994, it moved to impressive.net in 1996, where it is still available. It is an example of anti-Barney humor
.

BBC Online

BBC Online started as BBCi in April 1994 with some regional information and content from the Open University Production Centre (OUPC). By September, it launched the first commercial service, providing transcription services via an FTP server. At its peak, it had 122 accounts, including FBI offices from around the world, taking daily updates from twelve feeds. It is still active at bbc.com.[90][91]

Bianca's Smut Shack

chatroom and online community known for raucous free speech and deviant behavior.[92][93][94]

Birmingham City Council

Birmingham City Council created an early local government site, Birmingham Assist, that was initially hosted by the Computer Science Department at the University of Birmingham.[95] It was renamed in 1996 and still functions at www.birminghamalcitycouncil.org/.

Britannica Online

Britannica Online as a subscription service in 1994.[96][97][98] It was the first Internet-based encyclopedia.[98] The encyclopedia has been published exclusively online at www.britannica.com since 2016.[95]

Buzzweb.com

Buzzweb.com was the earliest website for alternative music artists and news. It was created by A. Joi Brown and Matthew Brown between 1993 and 994. They registered the website with Network Solutions in 1993.[citation needed]

CDNAir.ca

Canadian Airlines' website, CDNAir.ca, was the first website for an airline.[99]

Chabad.org

Chabad.org was the first "ask the rabbi" website. It was launched by Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Kazen as an outgrowth of earlier discussion groups on FidoNet, which dated back to 1988.[100]

CitySites

CitySites, the first "City Site" web development company, created this website in 1994 to advertise businesses and review music and art events in the San Francisco Bay Area. CitySites was featured in Interactive Week Magazine in 1997. Founder Darrow Boggiano still operates CitySites.[101][102]

Classical MIDI Archives

Pierre R. Schwob founded Classical MIDI Archives in 1994 as an online digital music archive featuring MIDI sequences of classical music for free.[103] It became Classical Archives in August 2000 and now offers commercial label recordings for downloading and streaming.[103] It is still active at www.classicalarchives.com/

Cool Site of the Day

Webdesigner Glenn Davis created Cool Site of the Day in August 1994, featuring his daily pick of a website.[94][104][105] Its Cool Site of the Year Award, also known as the Webby Awards, became a coveted prize for Silicon Alley start-ups.[104] Davis disaffiliated with the site in November 1995 and it went dormant in February 2020.

Cybersell

Cybersell was the first commercial advertising service that focused on using spam. It came online as sell.com. It was set up by Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel, notorious for spamming Usenet newsgroups earlier that year.[106][107][108] It is no longer active.

CORDIS

CORDIS, an anacronym for the Community Research & Development Information Service, was the European Commission's first permanent website. Launched on ESPRIT day in November 1994 as www.cordis.lu, it provided a repository of EU-funded research projects.[109] It is still online at cordis.europa.eu/
.

Dianne Feinstein

Dianne Feinstein used a website for her United States Senate campaign, becoming the first senatorial candidate to have utilized a website.[110]

The Economist

Time-Warner's Pathfinder which cost $120 million ($246,681,634 in today's money).[111] It is still live today at www.economist.com/
.

e-democracy

e-democracy went online in 1994 to help civic organizations in Minnesota would distribute information online and then hold the first online debates ever for US Gubernatorial and Senatorial candidates in October 1994.[112]

Einet Galaxy

Einet Galaxy was one of the first searchable

web catalogs.[25] It was created at the Einet Division of the MCC Research Consortium at the University of Texas at Austin and went online in January 1994.[113] It passed through several commercial owners and is now run by Logika Corporation as gallexy.einet
.

FogCam!

Jeff Schwartz and Dan Wong launched

FogCam! in July 1994 at San Francisco State University to track changes in the local weather.[114][78] It is the oldest still-operating webcam in the world and can be found at www.fogcam.org

FolkBook

FolkBook: An Online Acoustic Music Establishment was a fansite dedicated to documenting folk music and folk musicians. It operated at Ohio State University at web.cgrg.ohio-state.edu/folkbook/ from September 1, 1994, until it went offline on March 7, 1998. After that, it was redirected to a similar site, folkmusic dot org, which still exists, but has not been updated since 2002.[115]

Flags of the World

Giuseppe Bottasini in 1994 and is still live as www.crwflags.com
.

GeneNetwork

GeneNetwork launched in January 1994 and was the first website on biomedical research and the earliest Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in PubMed.[117] It was initially known as the Portable Dictionary of the Mouse Genome and then as WebQTL.[118][119][120] This genetics site has been funded continuously by the National Institutes of Health and the University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Governor's Chair to RW Williams.

HM Treasury

HM Treasury, the United Kingdom government department, formed a website in 1994.[121] It is live at www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-treasury.

Horror

Horror is the earliest website dedicated to horror movies and horror book/comic reviews and news.[122][123] It is still live at www.horror.com/.

HotWired

banner ads, for Zima and AT&T.[124][125]

IBM

IBM launched one of the early corporate websites in 1994. It is live at www.ibm.com/us-en.[126]

Innerviews

Innerviews was the first online music magazine. It was launched by music journalist

better source needed
]

The Irish Times

In 1994,

better source needed
]

Lawinfo

Lawinfo is an early legal website and provides public access to pre-qualified, pre-screened attorneys, and free legal resources.[129] It is still live at www.lawinfo.com/.[130]

Legislative Information System

Virginia's Legislative Information System (LIS) was developed by the Division of Legislative Automated Systems (dlas) and was launched at leg1.state.va.us. It remains active as lis.virginia.gov but is also viewable in its original format at LIS Classic.

better source needed
]

Links from the Underground

weblogging.[132][133][134] It is still available at www.links.net/vita/web/start/
.

Literary Kicks

spoken word poetry, and alternative literary scenes. This digital library was launched by Levi Asher on July 23, 1994, and is still active at litkicks.com/.[135]

Lycos

Lycos was an early web search engine.[25] It was started in 1994 by Michael Mauldin as a university research project at Carnegie Mellon University.[136][137][138][25] It is still live at www.lycos.com/.

Megadeth, Arizona

Megadeth, Arizona was the website for the band Megadeth and was also the first website for a band.[139][140][141] It was created by Robin Sloan Bechtel of Capitol Records as a tie-in to a record promotion and featured news updates and a chatroom.[11] Later, when Capitol wanted to remove the website, Bechtel fought conventional wisdom that promotions were short-lived and helped establish the concept on ongoing marketing sites.[11]

Microsoft

An early corporate site for Microsoft was launched in 1994.[142]

Museum of Bad Art

Museum of Bad Art in Boston, Massachusetts created a virtual museum in 1994.[143][144][17]

The Nine Planets

Bill Arnett.created The Nine Planets, "a Multimedia Tour of the Solar System". It was one of the first examples of a multimedia website.[145][146][147] It is still live at nineplanets.org/.

Nando.net

Nando.net was the online presence of the Raleigh, North Carolina News & Observer and was one of the first newspaper websites.[148][149]

NetBoy

Stafford Huyler. It started publishing in May 1994.[150][151][152] It is available online at www.netboy.com/
.

Netrek

Netrek is one of the first sites dedicated to multi-user video-game programming on the Internet. It was maintained at obsidian.math.Arizona.edu and is now defunct.[153]

Pathfinder.com

Time Warner to link its various sites.[111]
It operated from 1994 to April 1999.

PizzaNet

Pizza Hut started the website, PizzaNet, which allowed people in Santa Cruz, California to order pizza over the Web[154][36]

Powells.com

Powells.com is the website of

Amazon.com.[158]

Purple.com

Launching on August 31, 1994, Purple.com is the first known single-serving site. It consisted of just a purple background.[159][160] It was defunct by November 2017.

Radio Prague

Radio Prague is the official international broadcasting station of the Czech Republic. It was an early media entity on the web and included transcripts of its news broadcasts and other current affairs content in five languages. Still active at english.radio.cz/.[161]

Senator Edward Kennedy

The first website for a United States Senator was officially announced for Senator Edward Kennedy on June 2, 1994.[162] The site remains active.[163]

Saccharomyces Genome Database

Saccharomyces Genome Database is a National Institute of Health-funded research project on the Web. It provides curation of all published results on budding yeast (aka. bakers, brewers, and wine yeast) genes and their products. Its current URL is yeastgenome.org.[164][165]

Sex.com

The website Sex.com was the subject of a twelve-year legal battle that established parameters of domain ownership.[166]

The Skeptic's Dictionary

The Skeptic's Dictionary at /www.skepdic.com/ was launched in 1994 and is still active. It features definitions, arguments, and essays on topics ranging from acupuncture to zombies.

The Simpsons Archive

fan site for The Simpsons television show.[17] It started as snpp.com and is now live at www.simpsonsarchive.com/.[167]

Sirius Connections

Sirius Connections was the first Internet service provider in the San Francisco Bay Area.[168] Its owner, Arman Kahalili, gave novice website creators technical assistance to get them started on-site building and expanding code that was used in later versions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and other web technology.[169]

Snopes

Snopes, the fact-checking website, was created by David and Barbara Mikkelson in 1994. It was an early online encyclopedia focused on urban legends and rumors.[36]

SpinnWebe

Greg Galcik
.

Telegraph.co.uk

Telegraph.co.uk or The Electronic Telegraph is the website of the British newspaper, The Daily Telegraph. It launched in November 1994[171][172]

United States Department of State

The United States Department of State's Bureau of Public Affairs launched a text Gopher website via the Federal Depository Library at the University of Illinois Chicago in the fall of 1994. The website was later relaunched in January 1995.[173]

VeloNews

New South Network Service developed the first sports news site for cycling magazine VeloNews. It was originally called VeloNews Tour de France and was created to cover the Tour de France from June 30 to July 30, 1994.[174]

VirtuMall

Dan Housman and Ron Schmelzer created VirtuMall in 1994. when they were fraternity brothers and roommates at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[175] This website pioneered shopping cart technology and credit card payments sent via fax to mail order catalogs. It was also the first pooled-traffic site, helping foster standards for security. One of the first virtual "tenants" was Hickory Farms.[176] The website's name changed to ChannelWave and was sold to Quick Commerce sometime after 1998.[175]

WWW Useless Pages

WWW Useless Pages or The Unless Pages in 1994.[177] It is perhaps the first site that showcased bad or eccentric websites and helped distribute early minor Internet memes
and phenomena. It is now defunct.

WebCrawler

WebCrawler is an early search engine for the Web and the first with full-text searching.[25] It was created by Brian Pinkerton, a doctoral candidate at the University of Washington. It launched in June 1994.[178]

Webmedia

Webmedia is a London-based website design company founded by Steve Bowbrick and Ivan Pope. The domain name webmedia.com was registered on October 27, 1994. The website was launched in November 1994.[179]

Whitehouse.gov

Whitehouse.gov is the official website of the White House. The Clinton administration launched it on October 20, 1994 to the public.

World-Wide Web Worm

The

World-Wide Web Worm (WWWW) was one of the first search engines for the World-Wide Web. It was created by Oliver McBryan at the University of Colorado and was announced in March 1994.[180]

XrayXcellence

XrayXcellence.dentistry.dal.ca (also viewed at bpass.dentistry.dal.ca) was created by Barry Pass, PhD, DDS, in June 1994, while he was a faculty member at Dalhousie University's School of Dentistry, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The website was active for approximately 6 years and provided educational and scholarly information and website links for dentistry, radiology and health physics. The site was accessed almost one-half million times, from every Internet serviced country, during the 5 years since its creation in 1994. In response to this web site on the WorldWideWeb - a paradigm shift in the dissemination of scholarly information - hundreds of global email inquiries every year were received from clinicians, scientists, students and the lay public with dental and medical questions. Frequently, medical questions resulted in appropriate referrals.

Yahoo!

The web portal

Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web.[181][25] It was a news site as well as a search engine and email provider.[36]
It was later renamed Yahoo without the exclamation mark.

Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN)

A website was created by Justin Paulson from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1994 to provide information on the conflict in the Chiapas region between the Mexican government and the Zapatista forces primarily in English[182] but later started posting information in Spanish at www.ezln.org.[183] The Zapatistas usage of the internet made them among the first in the world to use the internet for activism purposes.[184]

See also

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