Litoměřice
Litoměřice | |
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UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 412 01 |
Website | www |
Litoměřice (Czech pronunciation: [ˈlɪtomɲɛr̝ɪtsɛ]; German: Leitmeritz) is a town in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation.
The town is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice.
Administrative parts
Litoměřice is made up of four town parts: Litoměřice-Město, Pokratice, Předměstí and Za nemocnicí.
Geography
Litoměřice is located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) south of
History
Early history
The settlement of Litoměřice has a deep history of Paleolithic cultures as well as large Celtic settlements of the La Tène culture, which did not survive the incoming Germanic attacks. The area was later settled by Germanic tribes, when Litoměřice first appeared on Ptolemy's world map in the 2nd century under the name of Nomisterium. The Germanic tribes later migrated west and those remaining mingled with the incoming Slavs. The earliest evidence of the Slavic settlement comes from the 8th century.[2]
In the 9th and 10th century, Litoměřice fell under the control of the
A royal-town statute was granted in 1219 by King Ottokar I of Bohemia. At the beginning of the 13th century, Litoměřice was an important political, cultural and economic centre.[2]
15th–19th centuries
The population suffered during the 15th century
In the 18th century, many Baroque building, which are today cultural monuments, were built. However the prosperity of the town suffered from the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War.[2]
20th century
In 1918, Bohemia,
Jews from Litoměřice were forced to flee to the Protectorate or were deported during the Holocaust in the Sudetenland.[3] From March 1944 to May 1945, Leitmeritz concentration camp was located west of the town. 18,000 prisoners passed through the camp and were forced to work mostly on excavating underground factories (Richard I and II) under Radobýl. 4,500 died.[4][5]
In the final stages of World War II, German troops retreated to escape the advancing
Demographics
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Source: Censuses[6][7] |
Economy
There are no large industrial enterprises located in Litoměřice. The largest employer is the hospital.
Litoměřice is known for viticulture and wine-making. It is the centre of the Litoměřická wine sub-region. The existence of vineyards is already documented in the first written mention of Litoměřice from 1057.[8]
Transport
The I/15 road from Most to Česká Lípa passes through the town.
Litoměřice is served by three train stations. The station Litoměřice město is located on the Ústí nad Labem–Kolín line.[9] The stations Litoměřice horní nádraží and Litoměřice Cihelna are located on the lines Most–Litoměřice and Česká Lípa–Postoloprty.[10]
Religion
The town is the seat of the
Culture
Litoměřice is known for the annual event Zahrada Čech ("Garden of
North Bohemian Gallery of Fine Arts is based close the main square. Extensive collection spans from 13th century to contemporary art with numerous other exhibitions during the year. On the Mírové Square there is also the Gallery and Museum of Litoměřice diocese.
Sights
Since 1978, the historic centre of Litoměřice has been an urban monument reservation.[12] The protected territory is delimited by remains of town walls. About 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) of town walls is preserved to this day. Originally they had four town gates, none of them is preserved.[13] Part of the town fortifications was Litoměřice Castle. Today it contains an exposition of Czech viticulture.
Its core form Mírové Square, a large square with an area of about 2 hectares. Most of the houses on the square are in the Gothic style.[14] The Old Town Hall building on the square is the oldest Renaissance building in the town. Today, the building serves as a regional museum.[15] Other sights on the square include the "Chalice house" (new town hall with a lookout tower in the shape of chalice), Dům u černého orla ("Black Eagle House"; one of the most significant Renaissance houses), and Museum of Crystal Touch.
There are several valuable sacral buildings in Litoměřice. On the main square, there is the All Saints Church. Its existence was firstly mentioned in 1235. Originally it belonged to the town fortification. It has a 54 metres (177 ft) high bell tower.[16] The Baroque Saint Stephen's Cathedral at the Dómské Square was built in place of an older Romanesque basilica in the years 1664–1668. It has a 50 metres (160 ft) high tower open to the public.[17] The interior is almost completely authentic with main and six side altars and a lot of original paintings. Right next to the dome is a bishop's residence built in 1683–1701 by Giulio Broggio.[18]
There is also the Jesuit Church of the Annunciation. It is a massive Baroque church built by Giulio and Octavio Broggio in 1701–1731.[19]
There are numerous cellars connected by an extensive web of underground ways under the town. In some places, the cellars were built in three floors. The ways are about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long and they belong to the longest of their kind in the county. Only 336 metres (1,102 feet) of these underground ways are open to the public.[20]
Notable people
- Master of the Litoměřice Altarpiece (c. 1470–?), painter
- Antonio Rosetti (c. 1750–1792), composer and double bass player
- Josef Jungmann (1773–1847), poet and linguist, lived and taught here
- Vincent Bochdalek (1801–1883), anatomist and pathologist
- Josef Emanuel Hilscher (1806–1837), Austrian soldier, poet and translator
- Karel Hynek Mácha (1810–1836), poet, originally buried here
- Ferdinand Blumentritt (1853–1913), Austrian teacher and ethnographer
- Alfred Kubin (1877–1959), Austrian printmaker and illustrator
- Štěpán Trochta (1905–1974), cardinal
- Kurt Honolka (1913–1988), German musicologist and music critic
- Peter Lerche (1928–2016), German jurist
- Johann Georg Reißmüller (1932–2018), German journalist
- Dietrich Mattausch (born 1940), German actor
- Rudolf Buchbinder (born 1946), Austrian classical pianist
- Zdeněk Pecka (1954–2024), rower, Olympic medalist
- Jiří Macháček (born 1966), singer and actor
- Milan Hnilička (born 1973), ice hockey player and politician
- Martin Škoula (born 1979), ice hockey player
- Oldřiška Marešová (born 1986), high jumper
Twin towns – sister cities
Litoměřice is twinned with:[21]
- Armentières, France (2011)
- Calamba, Philippines (1974)
- Dapitan, Philippines (2006)
- Fulda, Germany (2001)
- Meissen, Germany (1996)
References
- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2023". Czech Statistical Office. 2023-05-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Eight centuries of stories". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ISBN 978-1-78238-444-1.
- ^ Le Blond, Josie (26 May 2014). "Slave probe exposes Audi's Nazi past". The Local. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
- ISBN 9783406562297.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Litoměřice" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 7–8.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
- ^ "Litoměřická vinařská oblast" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
- ^ "Detail stanice Litoměřice město" (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
- ^ "Detail stanice Litoměřice horní n." (in Czech). České dráhy. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
- ^ Sedlák, Václav (2016-02-03). "Zahrada Čech letos dovrší jubilejní čtyřicátý ročník". Litoměřický Deník (in Czech). Deník.cz. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
- ^ "Litoměřice" (in Czech). National Heritage Institute. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "Town fortifications". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "Peace Square". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "Regional Museum". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "All Saints Church". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "Tower of St. Štěpán". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "Biskupská rezidence v Litoměřicích" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ^ "Jesuit Church of the Annunciation". Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
- ^ "Katakomby a historické podzemí královského města Litoměřice" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2023-07-22.
- ^ "Partnerská města" (in Czech). Město Litoměřice. Retrieved 2020-08-17.
External links
- Official website (in Czech)
- Official website (in English)
- Crystal Touch Museum