Little Thetford
Little Thetford | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | ELY | |
Postcode district | CB6 | |
Dialling code | 01353 | |
Police | Cambridgeshire | |
Fire | Cambridgeshire | |
Ambulance | East of England | |
UK Parliament | ||
Website | ECDC | |
Little Thetford
During the
The 10th-century
Little Thetford resisted the parliamentary
The river flooding, which affected 30 counties in England during March 1947, caused the Great Ouse to break its banks at Little Thetford. Heavy rain following a very
History
Prehistory
There is evidence of
A more substantial
A Romano-British farm around 200 AD, largely built upon a previous
Medieval
A middle
Little Thetford means little public or people's ford—Old English lȳtel Thiutforda (c. 972) and Liteltedford [sic] (1086)—compare with Thetford, Norfolk—Old English Thēodford (late 9th century) and Tedfort (1086).[20] The online Domesday Book records the settlement under the name Liteltetford [sic].[nb 1][21] The first written evidence that Ely Abbey had inherited the Little Thetford lands was in the 12th-century chronicle, Liber Eliensis. The will of Ælfwaru (d. 1007), an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman, granted estates in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk to the Abbey, which included "... that land at Thetford[22] and fisheries around those marshes".[23] In 1110, Hervey le Breton, Bishop of Ely, granted the manor to William Brito, his Archdeacon and also his nephew.[24] Chapel Hill in the village, near the river, commemorates the site of Harrimere Chapel, used since 1381.[15] Some of the stone from this chapel, dismantled in 1571, was used in the building of St George's Church. By 1539, the Little Thetford manor and its estates contained arable land, pasture, gardens, and orchards.[25] In the mid-16th century, the antiquary William Bowyer owned the farm.[26]
There was once a medieval windmill in Thetford Field, west of the main built up area of the village.[27] This may have been the site of the look-out tower that village legend says had been used during the Norman Conquest by Hereward the Wake's defence of the Isle of Ely;[nb 2] a deserted settlement at this location may once have been the centre of the village.[28] The stump of a late medieval (roughly 1540–1900 AD) windmill in the present centre of the village was converted into a house. The site of this mill is where the Roundhouse still stands.[29] The Harrimere windmill was on the east bank of the River Great Ouse at Barway. The chain ferry linked Barway with Little Thetford.[30]
Modern
The
An
The village sent 61 men to fight in the First World War, which represents over 30 per cent of the village population of 1911.
One of the thatched houses in Little Thetford was destroyed by fire. Reported in the Cambridge Chronicle 6 November 1930, the cause of the fire at the c. 13th-century six-room building was not known. Fireworks were being discharged at the other end of the village. All that remained were burnt beams and smouldering walls, which were apparently made of old fen-mud. The villagers saved the nearby Three Horseshoes public house, by forming a bucket chain, and pouring water on its thatched roof.[43]
Two residents of the village were killed in action during the Second World War.
The river floods that began in mid-March 1947 affected over 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of England. Some parts of thirty out of the forty English counties were underwater for nearly two weeks, during the worst flooding for over 200 years.[45] Before the flooding, snow had been falling continuously since 23 January, with drifts up to 23 feet (7.0 m) deep in places. The winter of 1946–1947 had been very severe, with mean average temperatures 4 °C (7 °F) below normal, for that time of year.[46] As the thaw began in mid-March, the warmer weather brought heavy rains. The rain running off the frozen ground, combined with the thaw, overwhelmed multiple rivers in England and eastern Wales, which flooded. The River Great Ouse collapsed at Little Thetford on 17th March,[45] flooding over 3 square miles (7.8 km2) of nearby land. The army was drafted in to help repair the river banks, assisted by villagers, including women, and German prisoners.[47]
Built in 1958, the village hall houses the village social club, which started in a small extension to the hall in 1973. The club was extended in 1981, as the membership had grown to over 400. Ely
Governance
In 1929, Stretham and Little Thetford were together one of the twelve parishes of the South
The civil parish councils were governed by
The parish is represented in the
Geography
Geology and topography
The village, which is at about 16 feet (5 m) above sea-level, sits largely on the Kimmeridge Clay, a Jurassic shallow-water shelf-sea deposit, with an overall south-south-east to south-east dip. Underlying the Kimmeridge Clay, are similarly dipping older Jurassic clays, which also contain thin beds of limestone and sandstone.[54] Overlying the Kimmeridge Clay and lying some distance to the east of the village are similarly dipping, younger Cretaceous rocks, comprising the Greensand and Chalk.[55][56] At the west of the village, an outlier of Greensand forms the foundation of a hill rising to some 30 feet (9 m) above sea-level. This hill is capped by much younger (Pleistocene) boulder clay, the result of large ice sheets having moved over the wider general area.[55][56]
The Greensand also crops out to the south of the village. There it forms the eastern end of a similar outlier, on top of which is sited the village of Stretham. To the north-west of Little Thetford, a further outlier of Greensand, capped by boulder clay, occurs in the vicinity of Bedwell Hey Farm. Northwards, an even larger outlier of Greensand, partly capped by glacial deposits, forms a hill rising to 85 feet (26 m) above sea-level.[57] This, the highest point locally, has allowed the development of the regionally important Saxon settlement of Ely, Cambridgeshire.[55][56]
Even more geologically recent gravel, alluvium and fen deposits are found in the valley of the River Great Ouse at the eastern end of the village; they merge into the extensive flat tracts of The Fens which stretch north-north-west towards The Wash.[54][55][56] Holme at nine feet (2.75 m) below sea-level is East Cambridgeshire's (and the United Kingdom's) lowest point, and is 22 miles (35 km) north-west.[58]
Boundaries
The A10 road forms most of the western boundary. The fourth longest river in the United Kingdom, the River Great Ouse, forms most of the eastern boundary. The northern boundary of the village extends from the north of Bedwell Hey Farm then eastwards across the A10 road to the River Great Ouse. Braham Farm falls just outside the village boundary to the north. The southern boundary encloses the Stretham coprolite pits, between Hundred Acre and Holt Fen, thus putting the pits firmly within the Little Thetford boundary.[57] The size of the parish has changed. It was two and a half square miles (1,600 acres; 6.5 km2) in 1861; one point seven square miles (1,100 acres; 4.4 km2) between 1891 and 1931; then changed to the present value of two square miles (1,300 acres; 5.2 km2) from 1951 onwards.[1]
Drainage and the Fens
There are many man-made waterways, or
The
Climate
With an average annual rainfall of 24 inches (600 mm), Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the British Isles. Protected from the cool onshore coastal breezes east of the region, Cambridgeshire is warm in summer and cold and frosty in winter.[65] Regional weather forecasting and historical summaries are available from the UK Met Office.[66][67] The nearest Met Office weather station is Cambridge NIAB. Additional local weather stations report periodic figures to the internet such as Weather Underground, Inc.[68]
Climate data for Cambridge (1971–2000 averages) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 44.6 (7.0) |
45.3 (7.4) |
50.4 (10.2) |
54.7 (12.6) |
61.7 (16.5) |
66.9 (19.4) |
72.0 (22.2) |
72.1 (22.3) |
66.0 (18.9) |
58.3 (14.6) |
49.8 (9.9) |
46.0 (7.8) |
57.4 (14.1) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 34.3 (1.3) |
34.0 (1.1) |
37.2 (2.9) |
39.2 (4.0) |
44.1 (6.7) |
49.6 (9.8) |
53.6 (12.0) |
53.4 (11.9) |
50.2 (10.1) |
44.8 (7.1) |
38.7 (3.7) |
36.1 (2.3) |
43.0 (6.1) |
Average rainfall inches (mm) | 1.77 (45.0) |
1.29 (32.7) |
1.63 (41.5) |
1.70 (43.1) |
1.75 (44.5) |
2.12 (53.8) |
1.50 (38.2) |
1.92 (48.8) |
2.01 (51.0) |
2.12 (53.8) |
2.01 (51.1) |
1.97 (50.0) |
21.79 (553.5) |
Source: Met Office |
Demography
Between 1881 and 1961, the village population density remained static at around 0.15/acre (37/km2; 96/sq mi).[69] In contrast, the England and Wales figures for the same period almost doubled, rising from around 0.75/acre (190/km2; 480/sq mi) to around 1.2/acre (300/km2; 770/sq mi). Little Thetford is in output area classification zones (CGM) six and seven. The area is classified as type three-C, accessible countryside.[70] In this classification, most residents are remote workers in agriculture or fishing. The areas in this classification are less densely populated than other areas of the country. The usually detached households generally have two or more cars. Varied ethnic backgrounds are less likely in such areas.[71]
Historical population of Little Thetford | ||||||||||||
Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 119 | 147 | 229 | 257 | 250 | 366[nb 7] | 306 | 317 | 242 | 221 | 204 | 209 |
Year | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | |
Population | 150 | 191 | [nb 8] | 263 | 283 | 290 | 389 | 446 | 693 | 792 | 744 | |
Census: 1801–2001[72] 2011[73] 2021[74] |
Economy
The marshes[23] and meres surrounding the village supported fishing since Saxon times, at least until significant draining during the 17th century.[75] Eels were plentiful in the waters in and around the Isle of Ely (Eel–ey).[76] In 1086, Little Thetford was worth 3,250 eels to the nearby abbots.[21] In one year, 1087, it was written that 52,000 eels were caught in and around the city.[76] The islands in this landscape supported pastures; whilst reeds, peat, and rushes were harvested from the wetlands.[77] As the land was drained, arable farming became the dominant activity, as it is today.[70]
Little Thetford played a part in the coprolite mining rush of c. 1858–1900.
The Three Horseshoes, now a residential property,
The average distance the village population travels to work, by any means, is 13.6 miles (21.9 km).[90] Most residents commute to Cambridge, although some villagers use the 75-minute Fen Line commuter service to London from Ely railway station, 2 miles (3.2 km) away. There is a train every 30 minutes during peak time.[91]
Community facilities
Sports and social activities including regular quiz-nights, netball, and cricket, are held in and around the village hall.[nb 9] The hall is a brick building erected in 1958.[nb 10] The larger of the two village greens is used as a play area. A picnic bench shaded by large trees is available for passing walkers. The green has a full-sized basketball hoop at one end. Dog control orders are in force.[92] In the Upware to Ely section of Judith Bambers Rough Guide to walks in London and the south-east, a 7-mile (11 km) walk is described which passes Little Thetford on the east bank of the River Great Ouse.[93]
Saffron Walden Angling Club, formed in 1960, has a number of venues, including Little Thetford on the River Great Ouse. Fish species caught, along the weed and reed-lined river at Little Thetford, include roach, bream, rudd, perch and bleak. In addition, some tench to 6 pounds (3 kg) and rarely carp have been landed.[94] A family run all-year-round grass camp site is in the village, offering 36 pitches for caravans or tents, with toilet facilities, showers, a laundry room, a vegetable preparation area, and washing-up facilities.[95]
Notable buildings
St George's Church is a 14th-century stone building with slate roof.[96] The roof was thatched until 1863, when the church was heavily restored.[97] In 1886, it was struck by lightning and required extensive rebuilding.[98] Today, the church consists of a chancel, nave, north porch, and south vestry. The octagonal bowl font still has an original lead lining.[99] St. George's Church, a Grade II* listed building,[97] is part of the Ely Team Ministry.[100] The Baptist chapel was erected in 1867 on the site of its 1839 predecessor.[101]
The history of the Round House in Main Street is disputed. It has been claimed that it is a late 15th-century dovecote.[102] A Sun firemark insurance policy still exists, number 616606, dated July 1793, the earliest known written record of the house.[103] Other sources suggest the Round House is an 18th-century thatched cottage, similar to the South African rondavel.[104] A further source claims the building is a post-medieval, AD 1540–1900, tower mill.[105] A family of 13 children lived in the building during the 19th century.[nb 11] The now private dwelling was re-thatched in 2009.[103]
The Horseshoes is a Grade II listed residential thatched cottage, which was originally the Three Horseshoes public house, a 17th-century pink-painted cottage built to follow the curve of the road.[106] April Thatch is a former public house, now a Grade II listed residential property. This white-painted early 18th-century cottage used to be the Rose & Crown.[nb 11][107]
Transport
A half-mile (1 km) section of the Roman road Akeman Street is shown on the 1903 Ordnance Survey map, three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) due west of the village. This straight
The former Ely and St Ives Railway, known locally as the Grunty Fen express,
The village can also be accessed by boat. The River Great Ouse passes to the east, forming much of the village's eastern boundary,
Education
Little Thetford School is a
Public services
The distribution network operator for electricity is EDF Energy. The largest straw-burning power station in the world is at nearby Sutton. This renewable energy resource power station rated at 36.85 MW from burning biomass, nearly 25 per cent of the total renewable energy reported for Cambridgeshire in 2009.[127] The world's largest poultry litter power plant, 38.5 MW, at Thetford, refers to the other Thetford in Norfolk.[128]
East Cambridgeshire District Council is part of the Recycling in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough (RECAP) Partnership, which was granted Beacon status for waste and recycling in 2006–2007.[129]
National health services (NHS) for the village are administered by NHS East of England. Acute cases are handled by four hospitals, including Addenbrooke's Hospital and Royal Papworth Hospital‘s, both 16 miles (26 km) south of the village. The nearest doctor's surgery is Haddenham Surgery, Stretham, 2 miles (3 km) south of the village. This is a satellite surgery for the main surgery in Haddenham, Cambridgeshire, 5 miles (8 km) west of the village.[130]
Development
In March 2021, a community land trust[131] was formed. Following a call for land on 18 March 2021,[132] the trust completed the selection process during July 2021 for the development of 70+ new homes. Villagers have voiced a number of objections, such as the in-camera land selection process, and apparent undeclared conflicts of interest amongst the trustees.
See also
References
Footnotes
- ^ Liteltedford in Mills (1991–1998) Thetford, Little Cambs. Thiutforda c. 972, Liteltedford 1086 (DB). Affix is OE ltel; Liteltedford in Briggs, Keith (2010) Domesday Book place-name forms; Liteltedford in (2010) National Archives. Liteltetford in (1999–2010) The Domesday Book Online; Mills (1991–1998) Tetford Lincs. Tedforde 1086 (DB) 'People's or public ford'. OE Thēod + ford
- ^ a b Leaflet: St. George's Church, Little Thetford, History
- ^ ODNB 2010 says was born Thetford, Norfolk. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 53 and parish records state that Sole was born in Little Thetford, Cambridgeshire
- ^ The vicar of Stretham and Little Thetford Rev. S. Stewart Stitt, who lost his son in the war, recorded all those who took part in the war at the Church Annual Vestry Meeting in 1919.
- ^ St. George's church 1914–1918 memorial inside the church
- ^ St. George's church 1939–1945 memorial inside the church
- ^ Inflated due to local fair at time of census
- ^ No census 1941 due to World War II
- ^ Lt. Thetford Village Hall & Social Club notice board
- ^ Plaque on front of building LITTLE THETFORD VILLAGE HALL 1958
- ^ a b Local history display inside St. George's Church
Notes
- ^ a b A Vision of Britain Thetford CP/Ch:Parish level unit:Population:Area
- ^ a b Fowler (1946–1947) pp. 70–71
- ^ a b (1953) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Cratendune
- ^ Edwards (1996) p. 2
- ^ Kirby (2000)
- ^ Ely Museum (1984) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Neolithic polished flint axe, Little Thetford
- ^ Plouviez (1998) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Flint scatter and miscellaneous objects, Little Thetford
- ^ Lethbridge (1934)
- ^ Randall (?) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record New Fordey Farm
- ^ Driver (1953) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Bronze Age rapier, Little Thetford
- ^ Bowman (2007) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Late Bronze Age flesh hook, Little Thetford
- ^ (1994–1996) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Romano-British settlement, Little Thetford
- OED(2010) pedales "a foot long"
- OED(2010) sesquipedales "a foot and a half long"
- ^ a b c Cambridgeshire [Cambridge Isle of Ely] (Map) (2nd ed.). Ordnance Survey. 1903. § Sheet XXX. N. W.
- ^ Lethbridge (1952) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Saxon pendant, Ely
- ^ Sweeting (1910) pp. 8–10
- ^ (1999) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Late Saxon and Medieval occupation evidence, 2 West End, Ely
- ^ Smith, Lisa; Davies, Charlotte (2008). 25, Broad Street, Ely, Cambridgeshire: Archaeological Monitoring and Recording (PDF). Archaeological Solutions Ltd. p. 34. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ Mills (1991) Thetford and Little Thetford
- ^ a b "Cambridgeshire, Little Thetford". The Domesday Book Online. 1999–2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ Fairweather (2005) p. 159 note 294
- ^ a b Fairweather (2005) p. 159
- ODNB Hervey (d. 1131)(subscription required)
- ^ Reynolds, Leith (1992) pp. 12–13
- (subscription required)
- ^ Map (1605) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Late Medieval windmill
- ^ Spedding (1983) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Medieval settlement remains, Little Thetford
- ^ Hughes (1931) Cambridgeshire Historic Environment Record Late Medieval windmill
- ^ 170 sheets covering England and Wales:Thetford Ferry (Map) (First series ed.). Ordnance Survey. 1836. § 51. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011.
- ^ Bougler G S rev. Anita McConnell (2004) ODNB Sole, William (1741-1802)
- ^ OED (2010) Enclosure
- ^ Turner, Michael (1986). "Parliamentary Enclosures: Gains and Costs" (PDF). Economic History Society—ReFRESH. pp. 1–4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
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- 7 & 8 Vict.c.xxix)
- 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 13)
- ^ a b Pugh (ed) (1953) p. 152 col. 2
- ^ Young, Robert (April 2009). "The Great War: Those who took part". Little Thetford dot org: Local History. LittleThetford.org. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
- ^ "No. 30512". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 February 1918. p. 1762.
George Dewsbury (325851)
- ^ "No. 30389". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 November 1917. p. 11957.
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- ^ Petty (2001) p. 136
- ^ Pugh (ed) (1953) p. 151
- ^ a b Councillors, committees & meeting dates. East Cambridgeshire District Council. February 2010. (leaflet)
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- ^ a b c d Cambridge (Map) (Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 143 – 1974 ed.). 1:50000. British Geological Survey. 1989. § 173.
- ^ a b c d Cambridge (Map) (Based on 1st series 1:50000 map part of sheet 143 – 1974 ed.). 1:50000. British Geological Survey. 1989. § 188.
- ^ a b c Grid reference TL5293376492
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- ^ Grove (1976) pp. 36–43
- ^ Historic England. "Horseshoes, 2 Green Hill (north side) Thetford, East Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire (1331484)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
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- ^ Petty (2003) p. 138
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- ^ 1pumplane (2009) 21 February 2009, Fen run 2:Fish and Duck
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- ^ Pugh (ed) (1953) pp. 157–158
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- ^ Pugh (ed) (1953) p. 158 col. 1
- ^ Petty (2003) p. 186
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External links
- British History Online
- 2001 Census profile, Thetford parish, East Cambridgeshire
- Little Thetford website