Livno
Livno
Ливно | |
---|---|
Grad Livno Град Ливно City of Livno | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 80101 |
Area code | +387 34 |
Website | livno |
Livno (
History
The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC. In the late
After the
Livno celebrates its founding date as 28 September 892 AD, being mentioned in a document from
The beginning of 15th century saw the Ottoman Empire advance, invade, and occupy Bosnia for the next 400 years. Mosque complex in the picture (left) the Hajji Ahmed the Ducat Minter's Mosque (more commonly known as the Glavica ("Head") Mosque, called after the knap above town on which it is erected) Constructed upon design by Mimar Sinan in 1574. (some date to 1587), it is situated on a hill overlooking the old town of Livno, the river Bistrica and the spring Duman in the upper section of the old town of Livno. The mosque complex consists of a compact main building of the mosque under a dome and uncharacteristically short minaret, with a clock tower which was erected around 1659, and is still in use today. Within the perimeter is an almost 500-year-old necropolis with characteristic early Bosnian Muslim tombstones and later ones.[7][8]
In 1878, Livno was
From 1918 it was part of the
From 1941–45, Livno was part of the Axis Independent State of Croatia, and was labeled as a pro-Ustaše region. The territory that partisans liberated and managed to keep under their control from November 1942 to January 1943 (dubbed the Republic of Bihać) included all of rural Western Herzegovina west of Neretva and Široki Brijeg, including Livno. Livno and its area, under partisan control from August to October 1942, was very important for partisan resistance, as key Croatian Peasant Party members from Livno Florijan Sučić and Ivan Pelivan joined the partisans resistance and mobilized many other Croats.[9] Croatian writer Ivan Goran Kovačić joined the Partisans in Croata, writing his epic poem "Jama" ("The Pit") during his time with the resistance. He finished it in Livno. When Croatian Ustaše forces drove the partisans out of Livno in October 1942.
After the end of World War II, Livno was a part of Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Yugoslavia. After its collapse in 1991 and during the Bosnian War, it was under control of Croat Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.
The
Location
Livno is 96 km[10] from Split, 127 km [10] from Mostar
Settlements
• Bila • Bilo Polje • Bogdaše • Bojmunte • Čaić • Čaprazlije • Čelebić • Čuklić • Ćosanlije • Dobro • Donji Rujani • Drinova Međa • Držanlije • Golinjevo • Gornji Rujani • Grborezi • Grgurići • Gubin • Komorani • Kovačić • Lipa • Lištani • Livno • Lopatice • Lopatinac • Lusnić • Ljubunčić • Mali Guber • Mali Kablići • Miši • Odžak • Orguz • Podgradina • Podgreda • Podhum • Potkraj • Potočani • Potok • Priluka • Prisap • Prolog • Provo • Radanovci • Rapovine • Sajković • Smričani • Srđevići • Strupnić • Suhača • Tribić • Veliki Guber • Veliki Kablići • Vidoši • Vrbica • Vržerala • Zabrišće • Zagoričani •
Demographics
Population
Population of settlements – Livno municipality | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Settlement | 1948. | 1953. | 1961. | 1971. | 1981. | 1991. | 2013. | |
Total | 36,664 | 38,749 | 40,291 | 42,186 | 40,438 | 40,600 | 37,487 | |
1 | Bila | 772 | 743 | |||||
2 | Čaić | 367 | 315 | |||||
3 | Ćosanlije | 311 | 300 | |||||
4 | Čuklić | 328 | 406 | |||||
5 | Dobro | 979 | 707 | |||||
6 | Donji Rujani | 445 | 431 | |||||
7 | Drinova Međa | 233 | 208 | |||||
8 | Držanlije | 595 | 541 | |||||
9 | Golinjevo | 861 | 718 | |||||
10 | Gornji Rujani | 489 | 368 | |||||
11 | Grborezi | 860 | 664 | |||||
12 | Grgurići | 803 | 705 | |||||
13 | Komorani | 243 | 236 | |||||
14 | Lipa | 593 | 497 | |||||
15 | Lištani | 490 | 546 | |||||
16 | Livno | 5,181 | 7,207 | 9,002 | 10,080 | 9,045 | ||
17 | Ljubunčić | 711 | 519 | |||||
18 | Lopatice | 281 | 283 | |||||
19 | Lusnić | 419 | 310 | |||||
20 | Mali Guber | 530 | 487 | |||||
21 | Miši | 919 | 860 | |||||
22 | Odžak | 509 | 561 | |||||
23 | Orguz | 825 | 695 | |||||
24 | Podgradina | 797 | 706 | |||||
25 | Podhum | 990 | 684 | |||||
26 | Potkraj | 423 | 390 | |||||
27 | Potočani | 442 | 319 | |||||
28 | Potok | 242 | 239 | |||||
29 | Priluka | 885 | 685 | |||||
30 | Prisap | 361 | 352 | |||||
31 | Prolog | 1,180 | 861 | |||||
32 | Rapovine | 316 | 310 | |||||
33 | Smričani | 544 | 579 | |||||
34 | Srđevići | 1,094 | 888 | |||||
35 | Strupnić | 449 | 275 | |||||
36 | Suhača | 292 | 267 | |||||
37 | Tribić | 275 | 244 | |||||
38 | Veliki Guber | 867 | 629 | |||||
39 | Veliki Kablići | 817 | 718 | |||||
40 | Vidoši | 569 | 474 | |||||
41 | Vržerala | 901 | 648 | |||||
42 | Žabljak | 1,885 | 2,736 | |||||
43 | Zabrišće | 423 | 409 | |||||
44 | Zagoričani | 702 | 761 | |||||
45 | Zastinje | 897 | 744 | |||||
46 | Žirović | 389 | 344 |
Ethnic composition
Ethnic composition – Livno city | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | 1961. | |||
Total | 9,045 (100,0%) | 10,080 (100,0%) | 9,002 (100,0%) | 7,207 (100,0%) | 5,181 (100,0%) | ||
Croats | 4,921 (62,08%) | 3,504 (34,76%) | 2,890 (32,10%) | 2,483 (34,45%) | 2,156 (41,61%) | ||
Bosniaks | 2,679 (33,79%) | 3,899 (38,68%) | 2,714 (30,15%) | 3,075 (42,67%) | 885 (17,08%) | ||
Serbs | 144 (1,829%) | 1,556 (15,44%) | 1,206 (13,40%) | 1,212 (16,82%) | 1,033 (19,94%) | ||
Unaffiliated | 101 (1,274%) | ||||||
Albanians | 40 (0,505%) | 24 (0,267%) | 9 (0,125%) | 5 (0,097%) | |||
Others | 30 (0,378%) | 175 (1,736%) | 40 (0,444%) | 72 (0,999%) | 16 (0,309%) | ||
Macedonians | 3 (0,038%) | 4 (0,044%) | 6 (0,116%) | ||||
Slovenes | 3 (0,038%) | 3 (0,033%) | 1 (0,014%) | 17 (0,328%) | |||
Unknown | 3 (0,038%) | ||||||
Montenegrins | 2 (0,025%) | 24 (0,267%) | 18 (0,250%) | 22 (0,425%) | |||
Yugoslavs | 946 (9,385%) | 2 093 (23,25%) | 333 (4,621%) | 1,041 (20,09%) | |||
Hungarians | 2 (0,022%) | 4 (0,056%) | |||||
Roma | 2 (0,022%) |
Ethnic composition – Livno municipality | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | 1961. | 1953. | 1948. | |||
Total | 37,487 (100,0%) | 40,600 (100,0%) | 40,438 (100,0%) | 42,186 (100,0%) | 40,291 (100,0%) | 38,749 (100,0%) | 36,664 (100,0%) | ||
Croats | 29,273 (85,76%) | 29,324 (72,23%) | 28,918 (71,51%) | 31,657 (75,04%) | 31,133 (77,27%) | 30,603 (78,98%) | 29,647 (80,86%) | ||
Bosniaks | 4,138 (12,12%) | 5,793 (14,27%) | 4,418 (10,93%) | 5,087 (12,06%) | 2,068 (5,133%) | ||||
Serbs | 446 (1,307%) | 3,913 (9,638%) | 3,898 (9,639%) | 4,791 (11,36%) | 5,503 (13,66%) | 5,204 (13,43%) | 4,452 (12,14%) | ||
Unaffiliated | 137 (0,401%) | ||||||||
Others | 49 (0,144%) | 445 (1,096%) | 240 (0,594%) | 159 (0,377%) | 38 (0,094%) | 2,942 (7,59%) | 2,565 (7,00%) | ||
Albanians | 40 (0,117%) | 25 (0,062%) | 9 (0,021%) | 5 (0,012%) | |||||
Unknown | 22 (0,064%) | ||||||||
Roma | 8 (0,023%) | 2 (0,005%) | |||||||
Montenegrins | 6 (0,018%) | 41 (0,101%) | 33 (0,078%) | 44 (0,109%) | |||||
Slovenes | 6 (0,018%) | 5 (0,012%) | 6 (0,014%) | 22 (0,055%) | |||||
Macedonians | 5 (0,015%) | 7 (0,017%) | 5 (0,012%) | 7 (0,017%) | |||||
Ukrainians | 3 (0,009%) | ||||||||
Yugoslavs | 1,125 (2,771%) | 2,881 (7,124%) | 434 (1,029%) | 1,471 (3,651%) | |||||
Hungarians | 3 (0,007%) | 5 (0,012%) |
Geography
The territory of the municipality is 994 km2 (384 sq mi). Livno is both the cultural and industrial center of the canton. It is the biggest city in the canton and situated 730 meters above sea level. The
Climate
Livno has a stable continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. It is situated between the mountains Cincar and Kamesnica which make the climate more continental than the climate in
Climate data for Livno (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
30.9 (87.6) |
36.8 (98.2) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.2 (100.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
38.2 (100.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
6.0 (42.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.7 (56.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
4.1 (39.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.1 (48.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
7.5 (45.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −29.6 (−21.3) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−29.6 (−21.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 95.4 (3.76) |
93.1 (3.67) |
96.7 (3.81) |
95.2 (3.75) |
73.3 (2.89) |
91.5 (3.60) |
50.5 (1.99) |
75.1 (2.96) |
85.2 (3.35) |
116.0 (4.57) |
149.2 (5.87) |
125.4 (4.94) |
1,146.6 (45.14) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 12.4 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 139.8 |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 10.5 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 36.9 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
74.5 | 71.5 | 67.7 | 65.5 | 65.8 | 66.7 | 60.7 | 63.3 | 69.9 | 72.8 | 74.7 | 74.8 | 69.0 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 110.0 | 119.7 | 153.8 | 175.1 | 217.0 | 240.3 | 306.8 | 279.1 | 222.4 | 185.4 | 121.3 | 100.7 | 2,231.7 |
Source: Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina[12][13] |
Governance
The main local government of the city is City Council of Livno. Council has 31 members elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. Livno has its mayor who is the highest-ranking officer in the municipal government.
Structure of the Council
party | 1997 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) | 20 | 20 | 16 | 8 | 11 | 15 | |
Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ 1990) | - | - | - | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
Croatian Party of Rights (HSP) | - | - | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | |
Party of Democratic Action (SDA) | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
Social Democratic Party (SDP)
|
1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | |
Croatian Peasant Party of Stjepan Radić (HSS SR) | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | |
Independent | 2 | - | - | - | 1 |
Sport
Livno is home to many sport clubs, the most famous of which are Troglav 1918 football club, and MNK Seljak futsal club. Basketball is represented by KK Livno and ŽKK Livno.
Transport
M16 road, passing through
Notable people
- Zlatko Dalić, former football player, coach, Croatia national football team coach
- Gabrijel Jurkić (1886–1974), painter
- Filip Mihaljević, shot put and discus thrower
- Mate Rimac, entrepreneur, CEO of Rimac Automobili
- Šubić family
- Almir Velagić, weightlifter, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics competitor, multiple European championships medalist (for Germany)
- Hasan Brkić
References
Notes
- ^ "Livno". enciklopedija.hr. Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ "Stari grad u Livnu (Bistrički grad), historijsko područje". Bosnia and Herzegovina Commission to Preserve National Monuments. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ "Livno". proleksis.lzmk.hr. Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
- ^ "Povijest Livna". livno.ba. Municipality of Livno. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
- ^ Bojanovski, Ivo (1974). Dolabelin sistem cesta u rimskoj provinciji Dalmaciji. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. p. 59.
- ^ Mužić, Ivan (2009) . "Vlasi i starobalkanska pretkršćanska simbolika jelena na stećcima". Starohrvatska prosvjeta (in Croatian). Split: Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments. III (36): 315–349.
- ^ Medzlis (27 December 2010). "Džemat Glavica – Milošnik". medzlis-livno.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ISBN 9004071644. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
- ISBN 9780199365432.
- ^ a b "Michelin Linvo-Mostar". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012.
- ^ Climate Summary for Livno
- ^ "Meteorlogical data for station Livno in period 1961–1990". Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ "Livno: Record mensili dal 1949" (in Italian). Meteorological Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
Books
- Konačni rezultati popisa stanovništva od 15. marta 1948. godine (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 9. Belgrade: Savezni zavod za statistiku i evidenciju. 1955.
- Nacionalni sastav stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije: podaci po naseljima i opštinama (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 1. Belgrade: Federal Statistical Office. 1991.
- Nacionalni sastav stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije: podaci po naseljima i opštinama (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 2. Belgrade: Federal Statistical Office. 1994.
- Nacionalni sastav stanovništva SFR Jugoslavije: podaci po naseljima i opštinama (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 3. Belgrade: Federal Statistical Office. 1994.
- Nacionalni sastav stanovništva: rezultati za Republiku po opštinama i naseljenim mjestima 1991 (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: State Bureau for Statistics of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1994.
- Popis stanovništva 1953 (in Serbo-Croatian). Vol. 11. Belgrade: Federal Statistical Office. 1960.
External links
- Municipality of Livno website (in Croatian)
- Livno Online (in Croatian)
- Aero Club of Livno (in Croatian)
- Osmrtnic Livno
- Tourism Association of Bosnia-Herzegovina site about Livno