Lobaria

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Lobaria
Lobaria pulmonaria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Peltigerales
Family: Peltigeraceae
Genus: Lobaria
(
Hoffm.
(1796)
Type species
Hoffm.
(1796)
Synonyms[1]
  • Lichen sect. Lobaria Schreb. (1791)
  • Pulmonaria Hoffm. (1789) [1790]
  • Reticularia
    Baumg.
    (1790)
  • Lobariomyces E.A.Thomas (1939)
  • Ricasoliomyces E.A.Thomas ex
    Tomas.
    (1953)
  • Stictomyces E.A.Thomas ex
    Tomas.
    (1953)
  • Anomalobaria Moncada & Lücking (2013)

Lobaria is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss.

Lobaria are unusual in that they have a three-part

cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen
.

Taxonomy

Lobaria was originally described as a

Ricasolia was promoted to generic status.[4] The family Lobariaceae was synonymized with the Peltigeraceae in 2018.[5]

Ecology

Lichenicolous fungi that have been found growing on Lobaria species include Stigmidium lobariae,[6] Calycina alstrupii,[7] and Abrothallus halei.[8]

A Lobaria-associated

Rhizobiales. This order of bacteria is well-known in their role as beneficial partners in plant-microbe interactions. Advantages conferred by the presence of the bacteria include auxin and vitamin production, nitrogen fixation, and stress protection. Although the bacteria were most prevalent on the thallus surface, they were shown to be able to penetrate into the interhyphal gelatinous matrix of the upper lichen cortical layer. Occasionally, some bacteria colonize the interior of the fungal hyphae.[10]

Hydration traits determine much of a lichen's distribution pattern along a climatic gradient. A study demonstrated that Lobaria amplissima thalli with external cephalodia need more rain than thalli without, consistent with reports of decreasing frequency of external cephalodia from wet to drier climates.[11]

A study using

ecological niche modelling of occurrence data of three Lobaria species found in Italy predicts that climate change will impact their distribution range across the country and that there is a high extinction risk resulting from reduction of their range.[12]

Evolutionary history

A fossil impression found in a 12–24 

paleoclimate and the closing or opening of the Bering Strait played a significant role in determining the distribution of most Lobaria species.[15]

Species

Lobaria macaronesica
Lobaria retigera

Several species formerly classified in Lobaria have been transferred to other genera in view of modern molecular phylogenetic studies. Examples include

Ricasolia), and Lobaria scrobiculata (now in Lobarina
).

Chemistry

sesterterpene compound isolated from Lobaria retigera.[21] The ethyl acetate extract of Lobaria orientalis collected in Central Vietnam led to the isolation of new β-orcinol depsidones, lobarientalones A and B, and several diphenyl ethers, lobariethers A–E.[22]

Uses

Three species of Lobaria are used as food by ethnic peoples in

Yunnan Province (China): L. isidiophora, L. kurokawae, and L. yoshimurae.[23]

References

  1. Species Fungorum
    . Retrieved 23 March 2022.
  2. ^ Hoffmann GF. Deutschlands Flora: oder, botanisches Taschenbuch für das Iahr. Erlangen: Bey Iohann lacob Palm;1796. p. 1–14
  3. ^ Wainio EA. Etude sur la classification naturelle et lamorphologie des lichens du Brésil. Acta Soc Fauna Fla Fenn1890;7:1-247
  4. S2CID 86082520
    .
  5. doi:10.1093/botlinnean/boy060
    .
  6. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/3/1/7
    .
  7. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.307.2.2
    .
  8. S2CID 86335273
    .
  9. PMID 28005519
    .
  10. PMID 25713563
    .
  11. S2CID 196685184
    .
  12. hdl:11585/587210
    .
  13. ^ MacGinitie, H. D. (1937) The flora of the Weaverville beds of Trinity County, California. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 465: 83–151.
  14. S2CID 83629248
    .
  15. S2CID 89794079
    .
  16. ^ a b c Sipman, H.J.M. (2004). "The species of Lobaria (lichenized Ascomycetes) in New Guinea". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 88: 573–606.
  17. ^
    doi:10.13346/j.mycosystema.180018
    .
  18. S2CID 84359249
    .
  19. ^ Yoshimura, I. (1971). "The genus Lobaria of Eastern Asia". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory. 34: 231–364.
  20. S2CID 84925065
    .
  21. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94378-3
    .
  22. PMID 28181807
    .
  23. S2CID 86316534
    .
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