Lockheed Martin

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This article is about the company. For the transit center in Sunnyvale, California, see Lockheed Martin Transit Center.

Lockheed Martin Corporation
Company typePublic
Industry
Predecessors
FoundedMarch 15, 1995; 29 years ago (1995-03-15)
HeadquartersBethesda, Maryland, United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Products
List
RevenueIncrease US$67.6 billion (2023)
Increase US$8.51 billion (2023)
Increase US$6.92 billion (2023)
Total assetsDecrease US$52.5 billion (2023)
Total equityDecrease US$6.84 billion (2023)
Number of employees
122,000 (2023)
Divisions
Subsidiaries
List
  • ForwardEdge ASIC LLC
  • Hellfire Systems, L.L.C.
  • Lockheed Martin Aerospace Systems Integration Corporation
  • Lockheed Martin Australia Pty Limited
  • Lockheed Martin Canada Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Desktop Solutions, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Engine Investments, LLC
  • Lockheed Martin Global, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Integrated Technology, LLC
  • Lockheed Martin International Service Corporation
  • Lockheed Martin Investments Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Logistics Management, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Millimeter Technologies, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Operations Support, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Services, Inc.
  • Lockheed Martin Space Alliance Company
  • Lockheed Martin UK Ampthill Limited
  • Lockheed Martin UK Limited
  • Lockheed Martin BTS Limited
  • QTC Holdings Inc.
  • Sikorsky Aircraft
Websitelockheedmartin.com
Footnotes / references
[1][2]

The Lockheed Martin Corporation is an American

Washington, D.C. area. As of January 2022, Lockheed Martin employs approximately 115,000 employees worldwide, including about 60,000 engineers and scientists.[3]

Lockheed Martin is one of the largest companies in the aerospace, military support, security, and technologies industry. It was the world's largest

list of US federal government contractors and received nearly 10% of the funds paid out by the Pentagon.[6] In 2009, US government contracts accounted for $38.4 billion (85%), foreign government contracts for $5.8 billion (13%), and commercial and other contracts for $900 million (2%).[7]

Half of the corporation's annual sales are to the U.S. Department of Defense. Lockheed Martin is also a contractor for the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).[8]

Lockheed Martin operates in four business segments:

healthcare systems, renewable energy systems, intelligent energy distribution, and compact nuclear fusion.[15]

History

1990s

Merger talks between

L-3 Communications, a mid-size defense contractor in its own right. Lockheed Martin also later spun off the materials company Martin Marietta Materials
.

The company's executives received large bonuses directly from the government as a result of the merger. Norman R. Augustine, who was at the time CEO of Martin Marietta, received an $8.2 million bonus.[20]

Both companies contributed important products to the new portfolio. Lockheed products included the

A-4AR Fightinghawk and the DSCS-3 satellite. Martin Marietta products included Titan rockets, Sandia National Laboratories (management contract acquired in 1993), Space Shuttle External Tank, Viking 1 and Viking 2 landers, the Transfer Orbit Stage (under subcontract to Orbital Sciences Corporation
) and various satellite models.

On April 22, 1996, Lockheed Martin completed the acquisition of Loral Corporation's defense electronics and system integration businesses for $9.1 billion, the deal having been announced in January. The remainder of Loral became Loral Space & Communications.[21] Lockheed Martin abandoned plans for an $8.3 billion merger with Northrop Grumman on July 16, 1998, due to government concerns over the potential strength of the new group; Lockheed/Northrop would have had control of 25% of the Department of Defense's procurement budget.[22]

For the Mars Climate Orbiter, Lockheed Martin incorrectly provided NASA with software using measurements in US Customary force units when metric units were expected; this resulted in the loss of the Orbiter at a cost of $125 million.[23][24] The development of the spacecraft cost $193 million.[25][26]

In addition to their military products, in the 1990s Lockheed Martin developed the

Sega Model 3, which were used to power some of the most popular arcade games of the time.[27]

2000s

Lockheed Martin's prior Center For Leadership Excellence (CLE) Building, which was located near its corporate headquarters

In May 2001, Lockheed Martin sold

F-35 Lightning II; this was the largest fighter aircraft procurement project since the F-16, with an initial order of 3,000 aircraft. In 2001, Lockheed Martin settled a nine–year investigation conducted by NASA's Office of Inspector General with the assistance of the Defense Contract Audit Agency. The company paid the United States government $7.1 million based on allegations that its predecessor, Lockheed Engineering Science Corporation, submitted false lease costs claims to NASA.[31]

On May 12, 2006,

Orion for the Ares I rocket in the Constellation Program. In 2009, NASA reduced the capsule crew requirements from the initial six seats to four for transport to the International Space Station.[33]

In August 2007, Lockheed Martin acquired 3Dsolve, a Cary, North Carolina, company that created simulations and training modules for the military and corporate clients.[34] Renamed Lockheed Martin 3D Learning Systems, the company remained in Cary with 3D's founder Richard Boyd as director.[35] The name was eventually shortened to Lockheed Martin 3D Solutions.[36]

On August 13, 2008, Lockheed Martin acquired the government business unit of Nantero, Inc., a company that had developed methods and processes for incorporating

carbon nanotubes in next-generation electronic devices.[37][38] In 2009, Lockheed Martin bought Unitech.[39]

2010s

On November 18, 2010, Lockheed Martin announced that it would be closing its

false claims on a U.S. government contract for that amount. The allegations came from a contract with the Naval Oceanographic Office Major Shared Resource Center in Mississippi.[41]

On May 25, 2011, Lockheed Martin bought the first Quantum Computing System from D-Wave Systems. Lockheed Martin and D-Wave will collaborate to realize the benefits of a computing platform based upon a quantum annealing processor, as applied to some of Lockheed Martin's most challenging computation problems. Lockheed Martin established a multi-year contract that includes one system, maintenance, and services, and represents a potentially important milestone for both companies.[42]

On May 28, 2011, it was reported that a

previously stolen EMC files had broken through to sensitive materials at the contractor.[43] It is unclear if the Lockheed incident is the specific prompt whereby on June 1, 2011, the new United States military strategy, makes explicit that a cyberattack is casus belli for a traditional act of war.[44]

On July 10, 2012, Lockheed Martin announced it was cutting its workforce by 740 workers to reduce costs and remain competitive as necessary for future growth.[45] On November 27, 2012, Lockheed Martin announced that Marillyn Hewson would become the corporation's chief executive officer on January 1, 2013.[46]

On January 7, 2013, Lockheed Martin Canada announced that it would be acquiring the engine maintenance, repair, and overhaul assets from

V-280 Valor tiltrotor for the Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program.[48] In September 2013, Lockheed Martin acquired the Scotland-based tech firm, Amor Group, saying the deal would aid its plans to expand internationally and into non-defense markets.[49] On November 14, 2013, Lockheed announced they would be closing their Akron, Ohio facility laying off 500 employees and transferring other employees to other locations.[50]

Lockheed Martin's F-35 Lightning

In March 2014, Lockheed Martin acquired Beontra AG, a provider of integrated planning and demand forecasting tools for airport, planning to expand their business in commercial airport information technology solutions.[51] Also, in March 2014, Lockheed Martin announced its acquisition of Industrial Defender Inc.[52] On June 2, 2014, Lockheed Martin received a Pentagon contract to build a space fence that would track debris, keeping it from damaging satellites and spacecraft.[53]

On July 20, 2015, Lockheed Martin announced plans to purchase

military pilots. The deal also has the option to extend this contract across 26 years, which would greatly increase the deal's value.[62]

In August 2016, Canadian Forces Maritime tested an integrated submarine combat system developed by Lockheed Martin. The test marked Canada's first use of the combat system with the MK 48 heavyweight torpedo, variant 7AT.[63] The same month, a deal to merge Leidos with the entirety of Lockheed Martin's Information Systems & Global Solutions (IS&GS) business came to a close.[64][65]

In May 2017, during a visit to Saudi Arabia by President Donald Trump, Saudi Arabia signed business deals worth tens of billions of dollars with U.S. companies, including Lockheed Martin.[66] (See: 2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal)

On August 13, 2018, Lockheed Martin announced that the company had secured a $480 million contract from the

hypersonic missile can travel at one mile a second. This is the second contract for hypersonic weapons that Martin has secured; The first was from the Air Force as well and for $928 million which was announced in April 2018.[67][68]

On November 29, 2018, Lockheed Martin was awarded a Commercial Lunar Payload Services contract by NASA, which makes it eligible to bid on delivering science and technology payloads to the Moon for NASA, worth $2.6 billion.[69] Lockheed Martin plans to formally propose a lander called McCandless Lunar Lander, named after the late astronaut and former Lockheed Martin employee Bruce McCandless II, who in 1984 performed the first free-flying spacewalk without a lifeline to the orbiting shuttle, using a jetpack built by the company.[70] This lander would be based on the successful design of the Phoenix and InSight Mars landers.[71]

On April 11, 2019, at 6:35 pm EDT, an Arabsat-6A satellite was successfully launched from (LC-39A). This satellite is one of two, the other being SaudiGeoSat-1/HellasSat-4 and they are the "most advanced commercial communications satellites ever built by" Lockheed Martin.[72]

On September 23, 2019, Lockheed Martin and NASA signed a $4.6-billion contract to build six or more Orion capsules for NASA's Artemis program to send astronauts to the Moon.[73]

2020s

In January 2020, the Naval Sea Systems Command awarded Lockheed Martin with a $138 million contract related with the AEGIS Combat System Engineering Agent (CSEA). The LMT Rotary and Mission Systems (RMS) unit of the company is to develop, integrate, test, and deliver the AEGIS Advanced Capability Build (ACB) 20 integrated combat system. Martin will work on the AEGIS in New Jersey. The project is expected to be completed by December 2020.[74]

In January 2020, the Pentagon found at least 800 software defects in Lockheed Martin's F-35 fighter jets owned by the US Armed Forces during an annual review. The 2018 and 2019 reviews revealed a large number of defects as well.[75]

In February 2020, Lockheed Martin acquired

Vector Launch Inc's satellite software technology GalacticSky for $4.25 million after a bankruptcy court received no bids by the February 21 deadline.[76][77]

President Joe Biden at the Lockheed Martin Facility in Troy, Alabama, May 3, 2022

On March 16, 2020, Lockheed Martin announced that James D. Taiclet would replace Marillyn Hewson as CEO, effective June 15.[78] In January of 2021, Taiclet became chairman of the company as well.[79]

On December 20, 2020, it was announced that Lockheed Martin would acquire

Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings for $4.4 billion.[80] The acquisition was expected to close in first quarter of 2022.[81] On February 13, 2022, Lockheed abandoned the deal following regulatory disapproval.[82][83]

In 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, major arms manufacturers, including Lockheed Martin,[84] reported a sharp increase in interim sales and profits.[85][86][87]

In May 2023, Lockheed formed a new microelectronics subsidiary ForwardEdge ASIC to design custom application-specific integrated circuits for its customers.[88][89]

2023 Israel–Hamas war.[92]

In March 2024, Lockheed Martin submitted a bid to acquire Terran Orbital.[93]

Finances

Sales by business (2023)[94]
Business share
Aeronautics 40.7%
Rotary and Mission Systems 24.0%
Space 18.7%
Missiles and Fire Control 16.7%

For the fiscal year 2020, Lockheed Martin reported earnings of $6.833 billion, with an annual revenue of $65.398 billion, an increase of 9.3% over the previous year.[citation needed] Backlog was 144.0 billion at the end of 2019, up from 130.5 billion at the end of the 2018. Firm orders were $94.5 billion at the end of 2019.[95] Its shares

Sales by region (2023)[94]
Region share
United States 73.9%
Europe 10.4%
Asia Pacific 8.7%
Middle East 5.3%
Other 1.8%

traded at over $389 per share.[96] Its market capitalization was valued at US$109.83 billion at the end of 2019.[97] Lockheed Martin ranked No. 60 in the 2019 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue (down from No. 59 in 2018).[98]

Year Revenue
in mil. US$ 		Net income
in mil. US$ 		Total Assets
in mil. US$ 		Price per Share
in US$ 		Employees
2005[99] 37,213 1,825 27,744 41.78
2006[100] 39,620 2,529 28,231 54.52
2007[101] 41,862 3,033 28,926 70.93
2008[102] 41,372 3,217 33,439 71.54
2009[103] 43,867 2,973 35,111 55.94
2010[104] 45,671 2,878 35,113 57.35
2011[105] 46,499 2,655 37,908 60.85
2012[106] 47,182 2,745 38,657 73.10
2013[107] 45,358 2,981 36,188 97.53 115,000
2014[108] 39,946 3,614 37,046 151.21 112,000
2015[109] 40,536 3,605 49,304 187.00 126,000
2016[110] 47,248 5,302 47,806 226.05 97,000
2017[111] 51,048 2,002 46,521 280.65 100,000
2018[112] 53,762 5,046 44,876 261.84[113] 105,000
2019[95] 59,812 6,230 47,528 389.38[96] 110,000
2020[114] 65,398 6,833 50,710 354.98[115] 114,000
2021[116] 67,044 6,315 50,873 355.41[117] 114,000
2022[118] 65,984 5,732 52,880 486.49[119] 116,000
2023[1] 67,571 6,920 52,456 453.24[120] 122,000

Carbon footprint

Lockheed Martin Corporation reported Total CO₂e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 919 Kt (-49 /-5.1% y-o-y).[121]

Lockheed Martin Corporation's annual Total CO₂e Emissions - Location-Based Scope 1 + Scope 2 (in kilotonnes)[121]
Dec 2016 Dec 2017 Dec 2018 Dec 2019 Dec 2020
1,109 1,037 965 968 919

Government contracts

Lockheed Martin received $36 billion in government contracts in 2008 alone; more than any company in history. It does work for more than two dozen government agencies from the

FBI, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the National Security Agency (NSA), The Pentagon, the Census Bureau, and the Postal Service.[122]

In October 2013, Lockheed announced it expected to finalize a $2.2 billion contract with the United States Air Force for two advanced military communications satellites.[123]

Lockheed Martin has already begun to help the military transition to

microgrids[124] and as the military aims to reach 25% renewable energy by 2025[125] in order to improve national security.[126]

Corruption investigations

On March 3, 2012, the

U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) said that Lockheed Martin had agreed to settle allegations that the defense contractor had sold overpriced perishable tools used on many contracts. The DOJ said the allegations were based specifically on the subsidiary Tools & Metals Inc's inflation of costs between 1998 and 2005, which Lockheed Martin then passed on to the U.S. government under its contracts. Further, in March 2006, Todd B. Loftis, a former TMI president, was sentenced to 87 months in prison and ordered to pay a fine of $20 million following his guilty plea.[127]

On February 20, 2013, Lockheed Martin Corp complied with the

class-action legal battle that had accused the company of deceiving shareholders in regards to expectations for the company's information technology division.[128]

On December 20, 2014, Lockheed Martin Integrated Systems agreed to settle a

False Claims Act lawsuit paying $27.5 million to finalize allegations that it had knowingly overbilled taxpayers for work performed by company staff who did not hold the relevant essential qualifications for the contract.[129]

Organization

Business areas

C-130 Hercules
has been in production since the 1950s with the C-130J variant being produced now.
SLBM

International operations

Enterprise operations

Wholly owned corporate subsidiaries

  • ForwardEdge ASIC
  • Lockheed Martin Finance Corporation
  • LMC Properties

Joint ventures

Divested

Corporate governance

Board of directors

The board of directors consists of 14 members. As of February 2016, members include:[135]

  • Daniel Akerson (since 2014)
  • David Burritt (since 2008)
  • Bruce Carlson (since 2015)
  • Joseph F. Dunford
    (since 2020)
  • James Ellis (since 2004)
  • Thomas Falk (since 2010)
  • Ilene S. Gordon (since 2016)
  • Vicki A. Hollub (since 2018)
  • Jeh Johnson (since 2018)
  • Debra L. Reed-Klages (since 2019)
  • James D. Taiclet (since 2018)

Chief executive officer

Chairman of the board

Ownership

As of December 2023, Lockheed Martin shares are mainly held by institutional investors (

Vanguard group, BlackRock, Capital Group Companies, and others).[137]

Largest shareholders in December 2023
Shareholder Country Shares Percentage Value in thousands USD
State Street Corporation  United States 37,049,916 15.33% $16,113,379
The Vanguard Group  United States 22,099,137 9.15% $9,611,136
BlackRock Inc.  United States 18,158,813 7.51% $7,897,449
Charles Schwab Corporation  United States 5,637,923 2.33% $2,451,989
Morgan Stanley  United States 5,206,242 2.15% $2,264,247
Capital World Investors  United States 5,031,450 2.08% $2,188,228
Geode Capital Management, LLC  United States 4,559,183 1.89% $1,982,834
FMR, LLC  United States 4,351,452 1.80% $1,892,490
Bank of America  United States 3,209,854 1.33% $1,395,998
Wellington Management Company  United States 2,807,469 1.16% $1,220,996
Total 179,583,655 100%

Criticism

Lockheed Martin is listed as the largest U.S. government contractor and ranks first for the number of incidents, and fifth for the size of settlements on the 'contractor misconduct' database maintained by the

Project on Government Oversight, a Washington, D.C.-based watchdog group. Since 1995, the company has agreed to pay $676.8 million to settle 88 instances of misconduct.[138]

In 2013, Lt. Gen. Christopher Bogdan criticized the company's F-35 fighter program. The general said: "I want them both to start behaving like they want to be around for 40 years ... I want them to take on some of the risk of this program. I want them to invest in cost reductions. I want them to do the things that will build a better relationship. I'm not getting all that love yet."[139] The criticism came in the wake of previous criticism from former Defense Secretary Robert Gates regarding the same program.[140]

Lobbying

According to the magazine Politico, Lockheed Martin has "a political network that is already the envy of its competitors", and its contracts enjoy wide bipartisan support in the U.S. Congress thanks to it having "perfected the strategy of spreading jobs on weapons programs in key states and congressional districts".[141] The company's 2022 lobbying expenditure is $13.6 million (2009 total: $13.7 million).[142][143]

Through its

Senate Appropriations Committee before his death in 2012.[122]

Lockheed Martin Employees Political Action Committee is one of the 50 largest in the country, according to FEC data. With contributions from 3,000 employees, it donates $500,000 a year to about 260 House and Senate candidates.[145][needs update]

Management

Senior management consists of the

Executive Vice Presidents (EVPs) of four business areas.[146][147]
The EVPs are responsible for managing major programs.

On March 16, 2020, Lockheed announced that CEO

Honeywell Aerospace and before that a VP at United Technologies. Lockheed also announced that it would create the chief operating officer role, to which current EVP Frank A. St John would be promoted.[148]

Employees in each program are organized into four tiers: Tier1 –Program Manager/VP, Tier2-Functional Teams (Finance, Chief Engineer, Quality, Operations, etc.), Tier3-Integrated Product Teams (IPTs) (Weapon System Development, Weapon System Integration, etc.), and Tier4-detailed product development. Floor or touch workers belong to component assembly teams.[149] Lockheed Martin manages and maintains its relationship with these touch workers through its supervisors and unions.[150]

Lockheed Martin manages employees through its Full Spectrum Leadership and LM21 programs.[151] The LM21 program relies on Six Sigma principles, which are techniques to improve efficiency. Senior management constructs leadership councils and assigns managers to facilitate Kaizen events, which target specific processes for improvement. A manager facilitates teams and processes stakeholders and suppliers to streamline process implementation.[152][153][149]

Tier2 Functional Leads and Tier3 IPT Leads report to Tier1. IPT leads are responsible for entire systems or products defined by the contract's Statement of Work.[149]

To control quality, Lockheed Martin trains and builds IPT teams.[149] and ensures that work is executed correctly through a Technical Performance Measure (TPM) system which emphasizes its Lean and 6 Sigma processes. Middle management uses commitment mechanisms that parallel high commitment and human relations theory.[154]

Floor employees assemble aircraft using Flow-to-takt lean manufacturing process[155] which uses properties from both division of labor and scientific management. By separating tasks based on parts, Lockheed Martin utilizes the division of labor theory,[156] specialization on a specific area creates efficiency.

Double Helix methodology

The "Double Helix methodology" is a systems development methodology used by Lockheed Martin. It combines experimentation, technology, and a warfighter's

concept of operations to create new tactics and weapons.[157]

See also

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  • "Patents owned by Lockheed Martin". US Patent & Trademark Office. Archived from the original on May 9, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2005.
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