Long-billed hermit
Long-billed hermit | |
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Photographed in Drake Bay, Costa Rica
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Clade: | Strisores |
Order: | Apodiformes |
Family: | Trochilidae |
Genus: | Phaethornis |
Species: | P. longirostris
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Binomial name | |
Phaethornis longirostris (Delattre, 1843)
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The long-billed hermit (Phaethornis longirostris) is a
Taxonomy and systematics
It has often been considered
The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the
- P. l. longirostris Delattre (1843)
- P. l. cephalus Bourcier & Mulsant (1848)
- P. l. susurrus Bangs (1901)
- P. l. baroni Hartert (1897)
However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats P. l. baroni as a separate species, "Ecuadorian hermit".[9] The SACC in 2006 had rejected that treatment.[6] Other subspecies within longirostrus and cephalus have been proposed but have not been accepted.[10]
Description
The long-billed hermit is 13 to 16 cm (5.1 to 6.3 in) long. Males weigh 5 to 7.5 g (0.18 to 0.26 oz) and females 4 to 6.5 g (0.14 to 0.23 oz). The nominate subspecies P. l. longirostris has greenish-brown upperparts and brownish to grayish underparts. Its uppertail coverts have dark and light ochre bands and the central tail feathers are long with long white tips. It has a long decurved bill, with the female's being shorter but more curved than the male's. P. l. cephalus is similar but its underparts become more ochraceous towards the southern part of its range. P. l. susurrus is larger than cephalus but similarly colored. P. l. baroni's upperparts are dull metallic green and its belly is whiter than those of the other subspecies.[10]
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of long-billed hermit are found thus:[4][10]
- P. l. longirostris, from Mexico's Oaxaca and Chiapas states south through Guatemala into northern Honduras
- P. l. cephalus, from eastern Honduras through Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama into northwestern Colombia as far south as Santander Department
- P. l. susurrus, the isolated Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northeastern Colombia
- P. l. baroni, from Ecuador's western Esmeraldas Province south into Peru's Tumbes and Piura departments.
The species inhabits the understory and edges of a variety of landscapes including
Behavior
Movement
The long-billed hermit is not known to make large-scale movements but is thought to wander short distances.[10]
Feeding
The long-billed hermit is a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of a variety of flowering plants for nectar. Examples include Heliconia, Costus, Aphelandra, and Passiflora. It also consumes small arthropods.[10]
Breeding
The long-billed hermit's breeding seasons vary considerably throughout its range, from April to July in Mexico, May to September in Panama, and January to April or May in Colombia. The nest is a cone-shaped cup made of plant fibers and spider silk suspended from the underside of a drooping leaf. The clutch size is two eggs; The incubation period is 17 to 18 days with fledging 22 to 23 days after hatch.[10]
During the breeding season, male long-billed hermits sing in communal
Vocalization
The songs of the three northern subspecies of long-billed hermit are "a continuous series of single, piercing, usually upslurred 'sweeup' notes". Their call is "a sharp, explosive 'week!'" that is often given in flight. The song of P. l. baroni is "a continuous series of single, sparrow-like, chipping notes...'tchee..tchee..tchee..'." Its call is "a thin 'seep'" also given in flight.[10]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ . Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
- ^ a b "Proposal (#136) to South American Classification Committee". Archived from the original on 2005-11-04. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ "Proposal (#205) to South American Classification Committee". Archived from the original on 2006-09-04. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j del Hoyo, J., C. Hinkelmann, N. Collar, P. F. D. Boesman, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Long-billed Hermit (Phaethornis longirostris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.lobher.01 retrieved December 9, 2021
- .
External links
- Article AOCR
Further reading
- Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
- Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0-8014-9600-4