Long bone

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Long bone
Structure of a long bone (femur)
Long bones in human skeleton (shown in red)
Details
Identifiers
Latinos longum
TA98A02.0.00.011
TA2369
FMA7474
Anatomical terms of bone

The long bones are those that are longer than they are wide. They are one of five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid. Long bones, especially the femur and tibia, are subjected to most of the load during daily activities and they are crucial for skeletal mobility. They grow primarily by elongation of the diaphysis, with an epiphysis at each end of the growing bone. The ends of epiphyses are covered with hyaline cartilage ("articular cartilage"). The longitudinal growth of long bones is a result of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate. Bone growth in length is stimulated by the production of growth hormone (GH), a secretion of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

The long bone category includes the femora, tibiae, and

skull
.

The outside of the bone consists of a layer of connective tissue called the

cancellous bone (spongy bone) which contains in the medullary cavity the bone marrow
.

Structure

The outer shell of the long bone is made of

cancellous bone. Inside this is the medullary cavity
which has an inner core of bone marrow, it contains nutrients and help in formation of cells, made up of yellow marrow in the adult and red marrow in the child.

  • Long bones in human skeleton (shown in red)
    Long bones in human skeleton (shown in red)
  • Parts of a long bone (Femur)
    Parts of a long bone (Femur)
  • Classification of bones by shape
    Classification of bones by shape
  • Distribution of forces on a long bone (Femur)
    Distribution of forces on a long bone (Femur)
  • Part of a long bone of a large ungulate
    Part of a long bone of a large ungulate

Clinical significance

There are two

congenital disorders of the long bones. In a disorder known as rachitis fetalis anularis the ends of the long bones (epiphyses) are enlarged.[2] Another disorder, rachitis fetalis micromelica, is a deficiency in the growth (as a shortness) of the bones.[2]

There is a surgical procedure called distraction osteogenesis which is used to lengthen long bones.[3]

References

  1. ISBN 9780357390597
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8
    .
  3. ISBN 9781489975843
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Long bones.
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