Longyan dialect
(Redirected from
Longyan Min
)Longyan | |
---|---|
龙岩话 / 龍巖話 Lóngyánhuà / Liong11lã11guɛ334 | |
Native to | Xinluo District (2021)[1] |
Early forms | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | (lnx is proposed[5]) |
Glottolog | zhan1240 Zhangping-Longyan |
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-jei /-jej |
Distribution of Min Nan dialects. Longyan Min is in yellow. |
The Longyan dialect (
Yongding District.[6]
Branner suggests that the Xinluo and Zhangping dialects should be grouped with the
Datian dialect as a coastal Min group separate from both Southern Min and Eastern Min.[7]
However, he argues that the dialect of Wan'an township, in the northern part of Xinluo district, is a coastal Min variety separate from all of these.[8]
Phonology
The Longyan dialect has 14 initials, 65 rimes, and 8 tones.
Initials
.
Rimes
, iu, ui
ue, ɛ, iɛ, uɛ, ai, uai, au, iau
m, im, am, iam, iep, ap, iap
in, un, an, ian, uan
it, at, iat, uat, uot, ŋ
aŋ, iaŋ, uaŋ, oŋ, ioŋ, ak, iak, uak, ok, iok
ĩ, ũ, ũi, ã, iã, uã, iuã, iãt, õ, iõ, ɛ̃, iɛ̃, uɛ̃, ãi, ãu, iãu.
Tones
No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tones | dark level 陰平 |
light level 陽平 |
dark rising 陰上 |
light rising 陽上 |
dark departing 陰去 |
light departing 陽去 |
dark entering 陰入 |
light entering 陽入 |
Tone contour | ˧˧˦ (334) | ˩ (11) | ˨˩ (21) | ˥˨ (52) | ˨˩˧ (213) | ˥ (55) | ˥ (5) | ˧˨ (32) |
Example Hanzi | 邊 | 寒 | 碗 | 近 | 漢 | 尺 | 曲 | 白 |
Tone sandhi
The Longyan dialect has extremely extensive tone sandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
dark level, 334 | light level, 11 | dark rising, 21 | light rising, 52 | dark departing, 213 | light departing, 55 | dark entering, 5 | light entering, 32 | |
dark level, 334 | remain unchanged | |||||||
light level, 11 | remain unchanged | |||||||
dark rising, 21 | remain unchanged
|
dark departing, 213 | remain unchanged | |||||
light rising, 52 | light level, 11 | |||||||
dark departing, 213 | dark rising, 21
|
remain unchanged | dark rising, 21 | |||||
light departing, 55 | dark level, 334
|
remain unchanged | dark level, 334 | |||||
dark entering, 5 | dark level, 334
|
remain unchanged | dark level, 334 | |||||
light entering, 32 | dark rising, 21 |
Notes
References
- ^ "Reclassifying ISO 639-3 [nan]: An Empirical Approach to Mutual Intelligibility and Ethnolinguistic Distinctions" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-09-19.
- JSTOR 2718766
- ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ^ "Change Request Documentation: 2021-045". 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
- ^ Branner, David Prager (1999). "The Classification of Longyan" (PDF). In Simmons, Richard VanNess (ed.). Issues in Chinese Dialect Description and Classification. Journal of Chinese Linguistics monograph series. Vol. 15. pp. 36–83. p. 78.
- ISBN 978-3-11-015831-1.
Further reading
- Compilation Commission of Chorography of Longyan City 龙岩市地方志编纂委员会 (1993). Longyan Shi zhi 龙岩市志 ["Chorography of Longyan City"]. Vol. 36. Beijing: Zhongguo kexue jishu chubanshe 中国科学技术出版社 ["China Science and Technology Press"]. ISBN 978-7-5046-1575-6. Archived from the originalon 2016-04-02.