Los Angeles River
Los Angeles River Canoga Park, San Fernando Valley | |
---|---|
• coordinates | 34°11′43″N 118°36′08″W / 34.19528°N 118.60222°W[1] |
• elevation | 794 ft (242 m) |
Mouth | Pacific Ocean |
• location | Los Angeles Harbor, Long Beach |
• coordinates | 33°45′23″N 118°11′20″W / 33.75639°N 118.18889°W[1] |
• elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
Length | 47.9 mi (77.1 km)[2] |
Basin size | 827 sq mi (2,140 km2)[3] |
Discharge | |
• location | Long Beach[3] |
• average | 226 cu ft/s (6.4 m3/s)[3] |
• minimum | 2 cu ft/s (0.057 m3/s) |
• maximum | 129,000 cu ft/s (3,700 m3/s) |
Basin features | |
Tributaries | |
• left | Bell Creek, Browns Canyon Wash, Aliso Creek, Tujunga Wash, Verdugo Wash, Arroyo Seco, Rio Hondo |
• right | Arroyo Calabasas, Compton Creek |
The Los Angeles River (
Before the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, the river was the primary source of fresh water for the city. Although the Los Angeles region still receives some water from the river and other local sources, most of the water supply flows from several aqueducts serving the area. The Los Angeles River is heavily polluted from agricultural and urban runoff.
Fed primarily by rainwater and snowmelt (in winter and spring), the Donald C. Tillman Water Reclamation Plant in Van Nuys (in summer and fall), and urban discharge, it is one of the few low-elevation perennial rivers in Southern California. Some water usually reaches the ocean, even in the driest summers; although there are historical accounts of the river running dry, there has been constant flow of the river every month since recording of stream flow began in 1929.[3] This is helped by the concrete channel, which limits absorption of water into the earth. Flow, while generally low in volume, can be extremely brisk even in summer.
Course
The Los Angeles River's official beginning is at the confluence of two
As the river proceeds into the usually-dry reservoir, it spills out into a channel that is similar to its historical, non-channeled form. It crosses under Balboa Boulevard and then receives
The river then begins to parallel the
Making two meanders as it flows in a southeasterly direction, the river parallels the interstate and
Paralleling the Long Beach Freeway south-southwest, the river then crosses under former
History
Until the opening of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, the Los Angeles River was the main water source for the Los Angeles Basin. The river ran dry during the summers and flooded during winter months. Indigenous communities adapted to the climate surrounding the river, maximizing agricultural yields by rerouting the natural flow of the river and constructing water wheels along the river.[16]
The river provided water and food to the
Alta California
In 1769, members of the
Possession by the United States
Control of California, along with the rest of the northern part of the republic of Mexico, was wrested by the United States in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). California became a state in 1850, and the Los Angeles area began to boom the following year.[19] Generations of settlers and city managers drained, rerouted, polluted and overpopulated the river and its watershed.[20]
The river was originally an
"...until 1825 it was seldom, if in any year, that the river discharged even during the rainy season its waters into the sea. Instead of having a river way to the sea, the waters spread over the country, filling the depressions in the surface and forming lakes, ponds and marshes. The river water, if any, that reached the ocean drained off from the land at so many places, and in such small volumes, that no channel existed until the flood of 1825, which, by cutting a river way to tide water, drained the marsh land and caused the forests to disappear."[23]
The river was long joined by the San Gabriel River in present-day Long Beach, but in the Great Flood of 1862, the San Gabriel carved out a new course 6 miles (9.7 km) to the east, and has discharged into Alamitos Bay ever since. The arrival of the railroad accelerated the advancement in urbanization, as various government bodies subdued the river by reducing its flow.[24]
20th century
The Los Angeles Aqueduct was opened in 1913.[16] The heavy flow of the Los Angeles River presented many issues, as it began to get exploited as a sewer system. Along with these uses, populations surrounding the river often tossed feces and waste into the river, along with dead dogs and horses (occasional human dead), in hopes that they would get washed down stream and released to the open ocean waters.[25]
War on Water Rights
In the early 1920s, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power) (led by the Los Angeles Board of Water and Power Commissioners) negotiated and gradually purchased almost all of Owens Valley farms and their corresponding water rights.[26] The farmers with the most water banded together to form the Owens Valley Irrigation District in order to try to secure a better deal. When the Owens Valley Irrigation District did not succeed, they created three smaller groups in order to try to bargain. These groups were turbulent in their efforts; resorting to violence, trying to get the attention of state and national press, and calling for politician interference to support their demands for more compensation. This conflict was so highly disputed that the national press referred to it as "California's Little Civil War."[27][28]
The St. Francis Dam was built starting in 1924 (and through 1926), leading to the creation of a large reservoir in San Francisquito Canyon, and provided water for Los Angeles. However, the dam collapsed in 1928. Following the collapse of the dam, there was little appetite for large dams near the homes of Los Angeles' residents.
The 1930s in particular saw rapid urban development in areas prone to river flooding.[19] Despite smaller mitigation efforts than the St. Francis Dam, unpredictable and devastating floods continued to plague it well into the 1930s, including:
- Tujunga.
- Los Angeles Flood of 1938 - This flood precipitated the recall of then-mayor of Los Angeles Frank L. Shaw, leading to calls for flood control measures.
The incidents revolving around the Los Angeles River resulted in the Army Corps of Engineers blocking its path through a cement wall. The
After World War II
The river was dry for nine months of the year as late as the 1950s. According to an August 2013 article in the Los Angeles Times, the water in the river today is largely "industrial and residential discharge," which originates from the "two giant pipes that collect the sewage from the homes of 800,000 San Fernando Valley residents" that lead to the Tillman Water Reclamation Plant, "before crashing over a man-made waterfall into Lake Balboa. That body of water, along with two smaller ones, puts 23 million gallons of water a day into the river at Sepulveda Basin."[29]
Despite the heavy flood flows of the river during winter months, the LA river has become a refuge for marginalized communities, such as migrant, homeless, and diverse sociocultural communities. For a time, the river itself was a geographical divide between East L.A., which is largely Latino, and predominantly white, wealthy West L.A.[25] These minority groups established themselves along the banks of the river, using fish for food. A distinguished link between the LA river and marginalization can be seen through time as a 1909 New York Times article describes these communities as poor transient communities that consume diseased fish to sustain themselves. The years following the Mexican-American war exemplify these efforts, as articles depict African-American children fishing in the river alongside a "hobo" camp and junkyard.
Remediation efforts in order to tame the river along with the construction of highways in the 1950s and 1960s displaced hundreds of thousands of individuals. These implications lead to poor air quality and increased exposure to diseases that inhibit good health.[30]
In 1983, tensions were at an all-time high between Los Angeles county and the citizens of Owens Valley. During this time, the ground water and runoff from Owens Valley comprised eight and sixty-five percent, respectively, of Los Angeles' water supply. The large consumption of water from Owens Valley led to damaging drying of the valley's ecosystem. The residents of Owens Valley tried to uprise against L.A. county, but to no avail.[28]
Points of interest
The Los Angeles River bicycle path runs through the Glendale Narrows and is accessible to the public at its north end at Riverside Drive, at Los Feliz Boulevard, and at its south end at Glendale Boulevard, Fletcher Drive and at Egret Park in Elysian Valley.[32][33] The bike path runs parallel to the 5 freeway for the majority of its length and has mile markers and call boxes for information and safety purposes.
The river's southern stretch forms the heart of an industrial corridor, stretching nearly unbroken from
River parks
List of parks, trails and bike paths adjacent to the L.A. River and tributaries:
- Glendale Narrows Elysian Valley Bike Path
- North Valleyheart Riverwalk
- Griffith Park
- Arroyo Seco Bike Path and Kenneth Newell Bikeway
- LARIO
- Tujunga Wash Greenway
- Browns Creek Bike Path
- Whittier Narrows Recreation Area
- Rio Hondo Bike Path
- Hahamongna Watershed Park
- Cudahy River Park[36]
- Marsh Park[36]
- Sunnynook River[36]
- Maywood Riverfront Park[36]
- Zev Yaroslavsky L.A. River Greenway Trail[36]
- Los Angeles Riverfront Park and Pathway[36]
- Los Angeles River Center and Gardens
Wildlife
Historically, the native species of fish in the Los Angeles River included
There is an abundance today of non-native fish species in the Los Angeles River which include
There is also a large variety of bird species in the Los Angeles River which include
There is indirect evidence that
Revitalization
The ongoing efforts to revitalize the river began in earnest in approximately 2002. A number of city and county departments, committees and non-profit organizations have led the revitalization efforts. Since the 1938 floods and the subsequent concreting of the river channel, actual restoration of the River to its natural state is no longer possible or necessarily desirable, in most of the 51 mile river, lest new flooding occur.[43]
Studies in the 1980s included a freeway to be used during the dry season to alleviate traffic congestion, and use as a path for hovercraft.[44]
In 2011, the creation of the L.A. River Recreation Zone legalized recreational use in the area.[45] Since then, there have been countless projects to restore recreational use, including a 2.5 mile section of the Glendale Narrows that opened to the public for unrestricted recreational use between Memorial Day and Labor Day in 2013.[46] In May 2014 it was announced that two sections of the river would again be open for recreational use during the summer.[47][48]
The Los Angeles City Council formed an ad hoc committee in 2002 to focus on accessing and revitalizing the river that was chaired by Councilmember Ed Reyes.[49] The California Coastal Conservancy, a state agency, published its Los Angeles River Park and Recreation Study in 1993, identifying potential projects along the river. In 2006, Los Angeles Mayor Villaraigosa visited South Korea to look at their river restoration project for the Cheonggyecheon.[50]
As a result of the Ad Hoc River Committee's efforts, and with funding from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the City of Los Angeles' Department of Public Works - Bureau of Engineering issued a request for proposals in 2005 for the preparation of a Revitalization Master Plan, which would identify proposals that would make the Los Angeles River a "front door" to the city, and support civic activities. The city's Los Angeles River Revitalization Master Plan was adopted in 2007.
One of the key recommendations made by the master plan was the establishment of a non-profit development corporation, with a board appointed by the then Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa and certain members of L.A. City Council, to carry out many of its recommended projects. In September 2009, the first board meeting of the LA River Revitalization Corporation was held. Startup funding was provided by the CRA. Harry B. Chandler was elected first chair of the board, and Omar Brownson was hired in 2010 to be the founding executive director. The first development project undertaken by LARRC was creating a public-private partnership to create the first pedestrian, bike and equestrian bridge across the river. Developer Mort La Kretz provided the seed financing for the bridge, which was built next to the 5 freeway in the Elysian Valley by the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering and completed in 2020.
On July 23, 2013, the LARRC announced a goal of completing a continuous 51-mile (82 km) greenway and bike path along the river by the end of the decade.[51][52] The path is envisioned to be the central focus of a linear recreational park as well as providing an alternative transportation path through Los Angeles.[53]
The Los Angeles Times first reported in 2015 that the renowned architect Frank Gehry was collaborating with the LARRC (whose name was changed to River LA).[54] In 2017, Gehry Partners and River LA produced an informational database on the River known as the LA River Index.[55]
In 2018, the County of Los Angeles opted to update their River Masterplan. Geosyntec was hired to lead the effort, with Gehry Partners, RiverLA and OLIN taking on additional responsibilities. In 2019, Gehry revealed to Alta Magazine that he is working on designing several projects along the River, including a cultural center in Southgate.[56]
On September 13, 2013, the Army Corps of Engineers recommended a $453 million plan to restore nearly 600 acres of wildlife habitat – much of that located between Griffith Park and Lincoln Heights – as the best option to restore the river's ecosystem while preserving the flood protection provided by the concrete encasement. Subsequently, all Federal funding for the plan has been on hold.
2020 LA River Master Plan
In 2020, Los Angeles County released an updated LA River Master Plan detailing plans for the river over the next 25 years. The current plan addresses 9 goals related to flood risk, parks, ecosystems, access, arts and culture, housing, engagement and education, water supply, and water quality. The plan for decreasing flood risk consists of preserving and increasing flood risk capacity, reducing flow into the river, incorporating climate change research, and increasing emergency planning, public awareness, and management practices. In order to create inclusive, open areas, LA county's actions include making 51 continuous miles of open space, finishing the LA River Trail, providing amenities, implementing multi-use functionality, and promoting public safety. The third goal of the 2020 LA River Master Plan is to support flourishing ecosystems by increasing habitat and ecosystem function, improve plant biodiversity including native species, connecting habitat to support wildlife, and increasing environmentally-friendly practices. The LA county goal of equal access to the river is outlined by creating access points and gateways and promoting safe transportation to the river. The objective of enhancing arts and culture is planned to be achieved by creating a 51-mile arts and culture corridor, identifying and supporting cultures, and involving artists and cultural groups in the design process. The next goal outlined in the LA River Master Plan addresses impacts to the housing economy and the homeless community through incorporating the Affordable Housing Coordinating Committee in planning, creating mapping and assessment tools, increasing affordable housing, securing funding, and enhancing outreach to homeless populations. The actions to enhance engagement and education include providing spaces for all ages to learn, developing new educational materials, involving aspects from indigenous peoples, and promoting the river as an economic asset to nearby communities. The eighth goal in the master plan is to improve water supply through diverting and treating stormwater and dry weather flows before they flow into the river, supporting efficient water usage, creating better operations, maintenance, and measures. The final goal is to improve water quality by developing water quality projects, working with watershed management groups, raising public awareness, and improving facility operations and maintenance.[63]
Friends of the Los Angeles River
Friends of the Los Angeles River (FoLAR) was founded in 1986 by poet and activist Lewis P. Macadams.[64] Originally deemed a "40-year artwork to bring the River back to life,"[65] FoLAR was the first organization advocating for habitat restoration and public access on the LA River.[65]
One FoLAR's more prominent ongoing projects is the annual Great LA River Cleanup, which began in 1988 with a group of less than twenty people. In 2017, the Great LA Cleanup had up to 10,000 volunteers over three weekends covering the upper, middle, and lower sections of the River. In 2016, an estimated 5,000 volunteers took place in the annual cleanup, including the mayor and several elected officials.[66] In 2018, more than 6,000 volunteers removed more than 60 tons of trash at nine sites along the Los Angeles River.[67] In 2019, the FoLAR cleanup was the largest river cleanup in the United States.[68] The cleanup marked 30 years in 2019.[67] By the summer of 2019, kayaking in Los Angeles in the river had become common.[69] As of 2018, FoLAR has adopted a year-round cleanup model through partnerships with other environmental organizations like Heal the Bay, and through service opportunities for corporate groups and large organizations through River Makers program.
In 2012, FoLAR raised a $1 million donation to support the completion of the ARBOR study by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE).[70] This study ultimately resulted in the adoption of Alternative 20, a restoration plan focused on 719 acres of habitat and pedestrian-friendly improvements, among other things.[71][70][72]
Riverside communities
Communities and cities along the banks of the Los Angeles River include:
- Canoga Park
- Winnetka
- Reseda
- Encino
- Lake Balboa
- Van Nuys
- Sherman Oaks
- Studio City
- Universal City
- Toluca Lake
- Burbank
- Glendale
- Los Feliz
- Atwater Village
- Elysian Valley
- Glassell Park
- Cypress Park
- Chinatown
- Lincoln Heights
- Boyle Heights
- Vernon
- East Los Angeles
- South Central Los Angeles
- Maywood
- Commerce
- Bell
- Bell Gardens
- Cudahy
- South Gate
- Lynwood
- Paramount
- Compton
- Long Beach
Crossings
In media
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2014) |
Numerous films, television programs, music videos, commercials and video games have featured various sites along the Los Angeles River. Since the river is a trickle for much of the year and the culvert is dry, it is often used as a setting for races, car chases, gang rumbles, and other scenes requiring an open, deserted setting within the city.
The following have scenes filmed or set within the culvert:
- 24
- All Quiet On The Western Front
- Ambulance
- Blood In Blood Out
- Blue Thunder
- Chinatown
- Cleopatra Jones
- Deadline Auto Theft
- Double Nickels
- Drive
- Earthquake
- Fear the Walking Dead
- Freaky Friday
- Gangster Squad
- Girls Town
- Gleaming the Cube
- Gone in 60 Seconds and its loose remake
- Grease
- Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man
- I Got The Hook Up
- In Time
- Into The Wild
- It's Alive
- L.A. Story
- Last Action Hero
- Point Blank
- Point Break
- Repo Man
- Roadblock
- Terminator 2: Judgment Day
- The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension
- The Blue Knight
- The Core
- The Dark Knight Rises
- The Gumball Rally
- The Italian Job
- The Junkman
- The Bad Guys
- Them!
- This Christmas (2007 film)
- To Live and Die in L.A.
- Transformers
- Volcano
The river is featured in Visiting... with Huell Howser Episode 218.[73]
TV series highlighting the river include The Beverly Hillbillies, Knight Rider , CHiPs, Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles, American Horror Story: Apocalypse, the fifteenth season of The Amazing Race, as well as the seventh, sixteenth season of Hell's Kitchen, and The Stranger.
The following music videos have included sections filmed in the river:
- Pussycat Dolls
- Down by Blink-182
- Jesus Walks by Kanye West
- Wake Up Call by Maroon 5
- The River by Good Charlotte
- Call My Name by Cheryl
- Wherever You Will Go by The Calling[74]
- Gold Cobra by Limp Bizkit[75]
- Mein by Deftones[76]
- Got the Life by Korn[77][78]
- Shelter by FINNEAS[79]
Video games include the racing game series
The house used for exterior shots of Brady's home in the sitcom The Brady Bunch at 11222 North Dilling Street in North Hollywood, has the bank of the river as the edge of its backyard.
Gallery
-
Channel cut through Dominguez lands by a flood on the Los Angeles River, about 1500 feet north of Watson station, 1916
-
The mouth of the Los Angeles River in 1937, in the foreground; the Back Channel, Port of Long Beach, in the background
-
Interstate 5, the Golden State Freeway. Glendale is on the right, Silver Lake is on the left. The Los Angeles River runs through the middle.
-
A paved river and railroads lead into downtown Los Angeles.
See also
References
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- ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 2011-05-07
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- ^ "Friends Of Vast Industrial Concrete Kafkaesque Structures – Page 1". Seriss Corporation. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
- ^ "Sepulveda Basin and Dam". Urban Education Partnership. www.urbanedpartnership.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
- ^ "Friends Of Vast Industrial Concrete Kafkaesque Structures – Page 3". Seriss Corporation. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
- ^ "The Verdugo Wash Converges with the Los Angeles River". Urban Education Partnership. www.urbanedpartnership.org. Archived from the original on March 6, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
- ^ "The Los Feliz Area of the Los Angeles River". Urban Education Partnership. www.urbanedpartnership.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
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- ^ "The Arroyo Seco Converges with the Los Angeles River". Urban Education Partnership. www.urbanedpartnership.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2007. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
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- ^ OCLC 234289861.
- ^ Smith, Doug (August 16, 2013). "Angelenos' vision of their river is created from a made-up memory". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
Angelenos' vision of their river is created from a made-up memory. Historically, the river has been dry for most of the year. Now, it flows continually, but most of the water in the channel is industrial and residential discharge
- ^ "Frank Gehry's bold plan to upgrade the L.A. River seeks to atone for past injustices". Los Angeles Times. January 11, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
- ^ "Sepulveda Basin Wildlife Reserve". City of Los Angeles Department of Recreation and Parks. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 19, 2015.
- ^ "Bicycling – Glendale Narrows / Elysian Valley Bike Path". google.com. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
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- ^ Bustillo, Miguel (August 14, 2003) "Accord Brings Soccer Fields to Urban Park" Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times
- ^ Rail yards along the lower Los Angeles River:
- Metrolink Central Maintenance Facility
34°05′17″N 118°13′38″W / 34.0880035539306°N 118.22728895946204°W - Metro Gold Line Shops & Yard
34°04′35″N 118°13′36″W / 34.07642059163571°N 118.22660539187798°W - Union Pacific LATC Intermodal Facility
34°03′37″N 118°13′15″W / 34.0602962980645°N 118.22077100407486°W - Metrolink Keller Street Yard
34°03′15″N 118°13′43″W / 34.05422528320008°N 118.22868888888159°W - Metrolink Division 20 Maintenance Yard
34°02′36″N 118°13′52″W / 34.04340578299253°N 118.23098291129095°W - Amtrak 8th Street Yard
34°01′22″N 118°13′31″W / 34.02270174173927°N 118.2253063923642°W - BNSF LA Intermodal Terminal
34°00′35″N 118°11′50″W / 34.00979184340907°N 118.19708599736272°W - Long Beach Container Terminal Pier F Yard
33°45′34″N 118°12′25″W / 33.75934553362887°N 118.20690273211869°W
- Metrolink Central Maintenance Facility
- ^ a b c d e f Pasillas, Andrew; Tran, Jimmy; Robertson, Cameron (September 1, 2016). Jessup, Kelsey; Callahan, Colleen; Burstein, Mara Elana; DeShazo, J.R. (eds.). Creating a Complete Los Angeles Greenway for All: Stories and Guidance (PDF). UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation.
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- ^ a b c d e f g h "River Wildlife". Friends of the Los Angeles River. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-89997-391-3. Archivedfrom the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ^ Pedro Font (1776). Expanded Diary of Pedro Font. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-9651016-0-8.
- ^ Sahagún, Louis (January 11, 2021). "Frank Gehry's bold plan to upgrade the L.A. River seeks to atone for past injustices". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
We studied the river upside and down and found that less than 2% of the time it runs very fast and is very dangerous," he said. "So, we thought if we can't get rid of the concrete, maybe we can cover it.
- ^ GRAD, SHELBY and SCOTT HARRISON The long, tortured journey to bring rail back to Los Angeles. Los Angeles Times, November 1, 2016
- S2CID 234133066.
- ^ Martinez, Michael and Hannah Button (June 2013). "At last, Los Angeles River opens to public recreation after 80 years". CNN. Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Archived from the original on June 8, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
- ^ "Los Angeles River Recreation Zone – Summer 2014". Los Angeles River Recreation Program. May 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014.
- ^ "Corps opens recreational boating program at Sepulveda". US Army Corps of Engineers. May 23, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2014.
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- ^ "Exclusive: Architect Frank Gehry is helping L.A. With its Los Angeles River master plan, but secrecy troubles some". Los Angeles Times. August 8, 2015. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
- from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- ^ "The Los Angeles River: Frank Gehry's Most Ambitious Project". October 23, 2019. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
- ^ "Army of Corps of Engineers backs $453 million plan to restore L.A. River". The Eastsider. September 13, 2013. Archived from the original on June 2, 2015. Retrieved June 2, 2015.
- ^ "Funding for Los Angeles River cleanup in doubt as el Niño begins - Capital Gazette". Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ "New funds flow into the Los Angeles River". October 23, 2018. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ "Efforts to Restore the Los Angeles River Collide with a Gentrifying City". June 25, 2018. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
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- ^ "LA County officials think they can do a better job than feds managing LA, San Gabriel rivers". Los Angeles Daily News. February 27, 2019. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ larivermasterplan.org http://larivermasterplan.org/. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
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(help) - ^ Sahagun, Louis (October 6, 2017). "Legacy projects take shape honoring Lewis MacAdams, poet and crusader for transforming Los Angeles River – Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
- ^ a b "A Brief History of Public Art and the L.A. River". KCET. March 19, 2014. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
- ^ "Volunteers remove tons of trash from Los Angeles River as Earth Month cleanup continues". Los Angeles Times. April 23, 2016. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ a b Great L.A. River CleanUp marks 30 years. Park LaBrea news / Beverly Press, April 11, 2019
- ^ "Earth Day cleanups at the LA River — largest such events in the U.S. — will celebrate 30th year". Los Angeles Daily News. April 12, 2019. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ Perrottet, Tony (August 23, 2019). "Kayaking the Los Angeles River, an Improbable Eden". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- ^ a b "folar.org | Alternative 20 and the ARBOR Study". folar.org. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
- ^ "Feds Okay $1-Billion Los Angeles River Project". KCET. May 28, 2014. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
- ^ "11 mile makeover of the LA River is moving right along". Curbed LA. Archived from the original on October 26, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
- ^ "L.A. River- Visiting (218) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University". September 25, 1994.
- ^ "The Calling: Wherever You Will Go (Music Video 2001)". IMDb.
- ^ "Limp Bizkit: Gold Cobra (Music Video) 2011". IMDb.
- ^ Reed, Aaron (March 21, 2007). "Deftones Announce American Tour; Ticket Pre-Sale Begins This Thursday, March 22; New Single and Video Hit Airwaves; Exclusive Ringtone to Help Homeless Youth". Sys-Con Media. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
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Further reading
- The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Death, and Possible Rebirth. Blake Gumprecht. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8018-6047-4.
- Eden by design: the 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew plan for the Los Angeles region. Greg Hise & William Francis Deverell. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. ISBN 0-520-22415-9.
- Río L.A.: Tales from the Los Angeles River. Patt Morrison. Los Angeles: Angel City Press, 2001. ISBN 1-883318-24-6.
- Down By The Los Angeles River: Friends of the Los Angeles River's Official Guide Joe Linton. Berkeley: Wilderness Press, 2005. ISBN 0-89997-391-4.
- Hazardous Metropolis: Flooding and Urban Ecology in Los Angeles Jared Orsi. University of California Press, 2004. ISBN 0-520-23850-8.
External links
- William Deverell, Whitewashed Adobe: The Rise of Los Angeles and the Remaking of Its Mexican Past, University of California Press, Los Angeles, 2005, Page 102, "Map 2: Changing Courses of the Los Angeles River"
- The Los Angeles River Master Plan
- Los Angeles River Revitalization Master Plan and City Ad Hoc Committee
- The Los Angeles River Tour
- Los Angeles & San Gabriel Rivers Watershed Council
- The River Project
- F.O.L.A.R. Friends of the Los Angeles River
- Friends of the Sepulveda Basin, organization website
- lariverflyfishing River blog from a unique perspective
- lacreekfreak, Blog
- Friends Of Vast Industrial Concrete Kafkaesque Structures, a photo journal of photographs of the Los Angeles River flood control channel.
- The Los Angeles River Film, a 28-minute documentary film about the Los Angeles River including recent revitalization efforts.
- Saving the Los Angeles River, story about saving the river via boating and activism.
- KCET Departures interview with Joe Linton advocate of restoration and revitalization of the L.A. river.
- L.A. River Expeditions, a leading advocate for recreational-educational boating and public access rights on the L.A. River.
- Rock the Boat, an award-winning documentary film featuring the L.A. River and many environmental advocates.
- Environmental Protection Agency, their historic 2010 determination about protecting the entire L.A. River watershed.
- Time magazine article, featuring the 2012 Paddle the L.A. River pilot program.
- CNN article, on the paddling program.
- New York Times article, on the river being opened to recreational use.
- BBC broadcast, on canoeing to save the river.
- [1], video capture of the flamingo chase.
- River photos