Los Naranjos, Honduras
 | |
  Shown within Honduras | |
| Location | North shore, Lake Yojoa |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 14°56′17″N 88°01′34″W / 14.938°N 88.026°W |
| History | |
| Periods | Jaral (800-400 B.C.) Eden I (400-100 B.C.) Eden II (100 B.C.-A.D. 550) Yojoa (A.D. 550-950) Rio Blanco (A.D. 950-1250) |
| Site notes | |
| Archaeologists | Frans Blom and Jens Yde, 1935 Claude F. Baudez and Pierre Becquelin , 1967-1969 |
Los Naranjos is the name for an archaeological region in western Honduras. It lies on the north border of Lake Yojoa.[1] It is significant to the region because of its implications on determining where the Mayan frontier existed, as well as which ancient peoples were in contact and what relations between "tribes" may have been like. Whether or not the Olmec influenced the people of the Lake Yojoa region is disputed.
Background
The site started to be inhabited between 1000-800 BC. C. This would suggest that the site is nearly 3,000 years old and predates the archaeological site of Copán by more than 1,000 years. According to the artistic recreations of what it might looked like, it has come to be known that several pyramids were covered with mainly reddish and white stucco, similar to many structures throughout Mesoamerican history. The main structure would be derived as a platform where other smaller structures would be that would serve as sanctuaries.
Archaeological excavations
In 1935,
They used four phases from which the artifacts they discovered came: Jaral (800–400 B.C.), Eden which is divided into Eden I (400–100 B.C.) and Eden II (100 B.C.–A.D. 550), Yojoa (A.D. 550-950) and Rio Blanco (A.D. 950-1250). Various antiquities found at the site include jade figurines, clay pottery and a jadeite hand axe, many of which suggest relation to
The stratigraphy, or way that strata separate periods, suggests that the region had been occupied for a long period. The oldest layers of strata contained monochrome pottery with little or no design. Sherds of pottery in the nearby La Sierra site seem to have direct ties with the pottery of Los Naranjos in the Late Classic period. Newer layers of strata showed polychrome pottery that was more advanced. Most of the pottery found in the region was made locally, although some may have been traded for.[3]
Radiocarbon dating of seven sherds from the excavation site provided the basis for the periods. The white-slipped polychrome pottery of the Terminal Classic period at Los Naranjos is "Las Vegas" polychrome, similar to types of "Las Vegas" polychrome at Comayagua. It is in close stylistic relation to sherds from Rivas Papagayo but earlier in date.[4]
The Yde Vessel
A clay vessel that is of particular interest was discovered at Los Naranjos. The vessel, in comparison with other pottery found at the site, is large and extraordinarily decorated. The remaining fragment is 24.4 cm high and the rim appeared to have a diameter of about 23 cm. The decoration of the pottery is in black and red with the base of the vessel being orange. The designs depict "dancing figures" which is a common theme of art from the time period. The figures are seen in a cave. Archaeologist and historians attribute the setting of the cave as part of a common motif, incorporating ideas of the first humans and genesis of humankind. Nielsen and Brady believe that a deity, represented by a crocodilian figure outside the cave, is a symbol of fertility and was believed to preside over the genesis of mankind.
In The Couple in the Cave Jesper Nielsen and James E. Brady propose that the people of Los Naranjos may have believed that Lake Yojoa and the Cave of Taulabé were the birthplace of humans. They go on to say that in Mesoamerican cultures, having territory near the birthplace of mankind was invaluable.[5]
Ditches
The site contained two large ditches, one that stretched from Lake Yojoa to a pool just north of an encampment, made during the Jaral phase. The second ditch was probably constructed during the Eden phase. The purpose of the ditches is disputed, however there is evidence to support the idea that they were probably used as a defense mechanism. Another possibility was that they were filled with water, however the bedrock at the bottom of the ditches is seemingly too porous for a water well.
People of Los Naranjos
The Lake Yojoa region of Honduras lies about 80 kilometres (50 mi) from what was defined as a probable boundary of the Maya territories.
Baudez and Becquelin found evidence for a hierarchical society at Los Naranjos. Among the buried, there was a varying array of antiquities, some more advanced than others. People having been buried differently suggested to Baudez and Becquelin that a hierarchy may have been in place.[8]
Affiliations with other Mesoamerican cultures
It appears that the people of Los Naranjos had temporal variations in cultural relations with other Mesoamerican societies. Antiquities from the Jaral phase suggest relation with the
Notes
Bibliography
- OCLC 5680095.
- S2CID 145706175.
- Healy, Paul F. (1980). Archaeology of the Rivas Region, Nicaragua. Waterloo, Ontario Canada: OCLC 7813615.
- Henderson, John S.; Ilene Sterns; Anthony Wonderley; Patricia A. Urban (Summer 1979). "Archaeological Investigations in the Valle de Naco, Northwestern Honduras: A Preliminary Report". OCLC 8560818.
- OCLC 1479302.
- Nielsen, Jesper; James E. Brady (2006). "The Couple in the Cave: Origin Iconography on a Ceramic Vessel from Los Naranjos, Honduras". S2CID 162467044.
- OCLC 1050019.
- OCLC 42646610.