Leuven
Leuven
| |
---|---|
City and municipality | |
Area | |
• Total | 57.51 km2 (22.20 sq mi) |
Population (2021-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 101,032 |
• Density | 1,800/km2 (4,600/sq mi) |
Demonym | Leuvener |
Postal codes | 3000, 3001, 3010, 3012, 3018 |
NIS code | 24062 |
Area codes | 016 |
Website | www.leuven.be |
of Leuven |
Leuven (UK: /ˈlɜːvən/, Dutch: [ˈløːvə(n)] ⓘ) or Louvain (/luːˈvæ̃/, US also /luːˈveɪn/, French: [luvɛ̃]; German: Löwen [ˈløːvn̩] ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 miles) east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the sub-municipalities of Heverlee, Kessel-Lo, Leuven proper, Wilsele, Wijgmaal and part of Haasrode and Korbeek-Lo. It is the eighth largest city in Belgium, with more than 100,244 inhabitants.[2]
Leuven has been a university city since 1425. This makes it the oldest university city in the Low Countries. KU Leuven, the largest Dutch-speaking university in the world and the largest university in the Low Countries (and thus also Belgium's largest university), has its flagship campus in Leuven.[3]
The city is home of the headquarters of
History
Middle Ages
The earliest mention of Leuven (Loven) dates from 891, when a Viking army was defeated by the Frankish king Arnulf of Carinthia (see: Battle of Leuven). According to a legend, the city's red and white arms depict the blood-stained shores of the river Dyle after this battle, similarly to the flag of Austria.
Situated beside this river, and near to the stronghold of the Dukes of Brabant, Leuven became the most important centre of trade in the duchy between the 11th and 14th centuries. A token of its former importance as a centre of cloth manufacture is shown in that ordinary linen cloth was known, in late-14th-century and 15th-century texts, as lewyn (other spellings: Leuwyn, Levyne, Lewan(e), Lovanium, Louvain).[6]
Early modern period
In the 15th century, a new golden era began with the founding of the largest and oldest university in the
By the turn of the 16th century, Leuven had become a major European center for art and knowledge with humanists like
18th and 19th centuries
In the 18th century, the brewery Den Horn (meaning "the horn") flourished. In 1708, Sebastien Artois became the master brewer at Den Horn, and gave his name to the brewery in 1717, now part of AB InBev, whose flagship beer, Stella Artois, is brewed in Leuven and sold in many countries.
Leuven developed considerably during the 19th century. Dozens of squares were created, including the Sint-Jacobsplein, the Volksplaats (today's Ladeuzeplein) and the Statieplein (today's Martelarenplein).[8] From 1835, the streets of the city were lit with gas.[9] The Voer stream was vaulted, the channels occupying the middle of the streets were removed, a number of narrow streets were widened or simply destroyed and a considerable number of sewers were installed. The municipal theatre and the main post office were built, respectively in 1866 and between 1893 and 1895.[10] It was also at this time that the central prison was built.
20th century
World War I
Leuven has several times been besieged or occupied by foreign armies; these include the
World War II
In World War II, after the start of the
Climate
Climate data for Leuven (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.3 (72.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.5 (68.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
10.4 (50.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.2 (66.6) |
18.8 (65.8) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.5 (40.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.0 (33.8) |
2.8 (37.0) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
7.5 (45.5) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.9 (35.4) |
6.9 (44.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 70.4 (2.77) |
62.2 (2.45) |
54.5 (2.15) |
43.3 (1.70) |
55.5 (2.19) |
67.3 (2.65) |
72.7 (2.86) |
79.5 (3.13) |
60.5 (2.38) |
62.8 (2.47) |
68.5 (2.70) |
83.5 (3.29) |
780.7 (30.74) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 12.7 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 13.6 | 129.4 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59 | 74 | 129 | 181 | 210 | 211 | 217 | 204 | 160 | 117 | 66 | 50 | 1,678 |
Source: KMI/IRM[23] |
Economy
Given the presence of the KU Leuven, Europe's most innovative university according to Reuters,[24] much of the local economy is concentrated on spin-offs from academic research. In addition, the Leuven-based research centre, IMEC, is a research centre in the field of nano-electronics and digital technologies. As a result, dozens of companies in high technological fields such as biotech, robotics, additive manufacturing and IT, are located near these research institutes on the Arenberg Science Park and Haasrode Research-Park. Quite a few international companies such as Siemens,[25] Huawei,[26] Nitto Denko, JSR Corporation or Commscope have important, often research oriented branches, in Leuven. The academic hospital UZ Leuven, first in Europe regarding the number of clinical tests per capita and approval rates for clinical trials, UZ Leuven is another advanced research institute. It is one of Europe's largest academic hospitals. As a result, large numbers of private service providers are active in the medical, financial and legal fields.
Because it is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant, many governmental institutions are located in Leuven, as well as the regional headquarters of transport corporations such as De Lijn. As one of Flanders Art-Cities,[27] with a large range of cafés, restaurants, cultural institutions and shopping neighbourhoods, Leuven also attracts a growing number of tourists.
Leuven is the worldwide headquarters of
Demographics
As of 1 November 2016[update], the population of Leuven was 100,244. The arrondissement of Leuven counted 494,189 in 2014.
The city itself is made up out of the centre of Leuven (30,313), Kessel-Lo (29,147), Heverlee (22,521), Wilsele (9,786) and Wijgmaal (3,592).
Student population
Leuven has a large international student population, mainly concentrated around the city centre. The
Transport
Within the city and its immediate surroundings, most distances can be covered on foot or with a bicycle. Several streets are off-limits to vehicle traffic and, within the city centre, road speed regulations prescribe 30 km/h (19 mph) as the maximum speed limit, making it a pedestrian and bicycle-friendly city. There are also a few car parking lots.
There are numerous buses, primarily operated by the public transport company De Lijn, that connect the city with the region while providing travel options within the city centre. The so-called Ringbus follows the ring road of the city. Buses 91 and 616 connect Leuven with Brussels Airport.
, the high-speed railway towards Liège.The European route E40 passes Leuven in the south, the European route E314 connects Leuven with the city of Aachen.
Politics
Mayor
The governing coalition of Leuven consists of
Culture
One of Belgium's conservatories is based in Leuven: the Lemmens Institute, which is described as "Faculty of Music, Performing Arts and Education". It is known for its music therapy education and its wordart-drama education. Kunstencentrum STUK is a cultural centre and venue in the city center for music, theatre, sound art, and dance. Leuven holds a summer rock festival, Marktrock. Leuven has some university orchestras, such as the University Symphony Orchestra (USO),[30] the University Symphonic Band (UHO).[31] and the Arenberg Orchestra .[32][33]
In September 2009, the M – Museum Leuven opened in Leuven. It is a museum for both contemporary and historical art, located near het Ladeuzeplein. It has hosted exhibitions by international artists such as Angus Fairhurst, Sol LeWitt, Roe Ethridge and Charles Burns as well as Belgian artists such as Ilse D'Hollander, Jan Vercruysse, Antoon Van Dyck and Freek Wambacq.
Leuven has a rich beer culture, being the birthplace of several beers such as Stella Artois,[7] Leuvense Tripel, Domus[7] and Keizersberg. It has several bars priding themselves in offering a wide variety of local and international beers, including a bar that claims to offer more than 3000 different beers.
The Higher Institute of Philosophy holds the archives of the German philosopher Edmund Husserl.
Sport
Leuven was voted European City of Sport for 2021, highlighted by hosting the UCI Road World Championships, which will follow several routes of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens, a yearly cycling race in and around Leuven. The city also hosts the start of the Brabantse Pijl, a semi-classic race and the Cyclocross Leuven is a cyclo-cross race held each year in January.
The main football club of the municipality is Oud-Heverlee Leuven, successor of prior clubs Daring Club Leuven and Stade Leuven. Both the men's team and OH Leuven women play at the highest level. The city's prime basketball team is the Leuven Bears, they play their home games at the SportOase. Other known top-tier teams include IHC Leuven (ice hockey), KHC Leuven (field hockey) , Leuven aquatics(waterpolo) and VC Haasrode-Leuven (volleyball). Daring Club Leuven Atletiek is one of the oldest athletics clubs in Belgium, where 1964 Olympic gold medallist Gaston Roelants was a member.
There is also a GAA club in Leuven, the club is named, 'the Earls of Leuven', after the
Buildings and landmarks
Secular
- The style. In the 19th century, 236 statues were added to the exterior, each representing a prominent local scholar, artist or noble from the city's history. The reception hall dates from 1750.
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuvenin 1916. It is open to the public. It has a green park outside with gardens. Eggs of wild ducks can be seen around the park.
- The Linen-hall, in an early-Gothic style, with baroque addition, is today the University Hall.
- The University Library on the Ladeuzeplein was built by the American architect Whitney Warren. It was a gift from the American people to Leuven after World War I, during which the Germans burned down the original library. The tower houses one of the largest carillons in the world.
- The Oude Markt or Old Market square located in the centre of Leuven features a vibrant social scene, the centre of which displays a life-size statue of 'De Kotmadam', or "The Landlady" resting on a bench.
- Sint-Donatus Park contains remains of the medieval city wall.
- Totem is a statue at the centre of the Ladeuzeplein; it is a work of the Belgian artist Jan Fabre. Featuring a 23-metre (75') high needle impaling a giant jewelled beetle, the statue towers over the square in front of the university library.
- Fonske is a statue near the centre of town. Its full name is Fons Sapientiae, Latin for "fountain of wisdom". The statue represents a university student who, while reading a book, lets wisdom flow into his head as liquid from a glass. Just like Manneken Pis in Brussels, Fonske is, from time to time, dressed in costumes appropriate for specific occasions.
Religious
- the last supper) and the grave of Duke Henry I of Brabant. The 50-metre (165') high tower – which was meant to be 169 metres (555') high, but was never completed – is home to a carillon. The tower was included in UNESCO's list of Belfries of Belgium and France in 1999.[34]
- Saint-Anthony's Chapel, Pater Damiaanplein, from the 17th to the 20th centuries, contains the tomb of Catholic priest's remains were returned in Belgium in 1936, after having been originally buried on the Hawaiian Island of Molokaiwhere he had served the outcast lepers until his death.
- The Church of Saint Michael was built in the typical Jesuit BaroqueStyle.
- The Saint Quentin's Church incorporates remains of a Romanesque church built in the 13th century.
- The Large Beguinage is one of the world's best remaining examples of its architectural type. It was recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Sitein 1998.
- Canons regular.[39]
- Keizersberg Abbey, an active Neo-Romanesque Benedictine Abbey founded in 1888.[40] It is situated on the Keizersberg ("Emperor's Mountain") which used to be the location of a 12th-century ducal castle until it was demolished in 1782.
- Benedictineabbey founded in 1127.
- Sint-Geertrui Abdij, a former Augustinian abbey founded in 1206.
- Lerkeveld is a Jesuit house, student residence, and headquarters of the Society of Jesusin Belgium.
- The Al Fath mosque was built in 2016 and is used as a mosque where people can pray.[41]
- Al Ihsaan is a government-funded mosque that was found in 1976 and that is still actively used as a place for people to pray. Al Ihsaan also offers Arabic lessons.[42]
- There are several other smaller churches and chapels throughout the town.
Colleges
The Old University of Leuven used to have 40 constituent colleges and 4 pedagogies, some of which are still being used by KU Leuven. The most notable ones are:
- Holy Ghost College, founded in 1442, currently a residence for theology students and priests at KU Leuven.
- Desiderius Erasmus and served as a model for France's Collège de France.
- Pope's College, a college for theology students of the Old University of Leuven founded by Pope Adrian VI in 1523.
- The Leuven Institute for Ireland in Europeis now located on the premises.
Gallery
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View of the Oude Markt, by Wolfgang de Smet, c. 1650-1700
-
View of the Grote Markt, by Michael Neher, 1854
-
Town hall
-
View of the Brusselsestraat from De Grote Markt
-
The University Library
-
Fonske
-
Jacquemart at the Collegiate church in Leuven
-
Castle Arenberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
-
Leuven train station
-
Groot-Begijnhof
-
Adrian-VI College
-
Martelarenplein
-
Rector De Somerplein
-
Oude Markt
-
St. Peter's church
Notable people from Leuven
Born in Leuven
- Most Dukes of Brabant in the 12th and 13th centuries
- Sennek, Singer, Represented Belgium at the 2018 Eurovision with the song "A Matter Of Time".
- Maria of Brabant, queen consort of France (1256–1321)
- Louis Elsevier, book publisher (1540–1617)
- Quentin Matsys, painter (1466–1530)
- Petrus Phalesius the Elder, publisher (c. 1501/05 – c. 1573/74)
- Petrus van der Aa, jurist (1530–1594)
- Valerio Profondavalle, painter (b. 1533)
- Adriaan van Roomen, mathematician (1561–1615)
- Charles de Bériot, violinist (1802–1870)
- Eugène Prévinaire, second governor of the National Bank of Belgium (1805–1877)
- palaeontologist and chemist(1809–1887)
- Jean Stas, analytical chemist (1813–1891)
- Bernardine Hamaekers opera singer (1836–1912)
- Arthur De Greef, pianist and composer (1862–1940)
- Jean Hissette, ophthalmologist (1888–1965)
- Concentration Campsurvivor (b. 1926)
- Arthur Berckmans, comics author (1929-2020)
- Mark Eyskens, politician and former Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1933)
- Jan Hoet, curator and art critic (1936–2014)
- Louis Tobback, politician and mayor (b. 1938)
- Emiel Puttemans, middle- and long-distance runner (b. 1947)
- Frank Vandenbroucke, politician (b. 1955)
- Patrick de Radiguès, racing driver and sailor (b. 1956)
- Didier de Radiguès, racing driver (b. 1958)
- William Van Dijck, athlete, 1987 World Championships bronze medallist in 3000m steeplechase (b. 1961)
- Thomas Meuwissen, violinmaker (b. 1966)
- Bruno Bosteels, philosopher, known for English translations of Alain Badiou (b. 1967)
- Judith Vanistendael (b. 1974), comics author, illustrator
- Kim Gevaert, sprint athlete, Olympic gold medalist in 4×100 relay Beijing 2008 (Silver; Gold after Russian disqualification) (b. 1978)
- Jonathan Vandenbroeck, singer-songwriter, better known as Milow(b. 1981)
- Dries Mertens, footballer (b. 1987)
- Selah Sue, musician and songwriter (b. 1989)
- Stienes Longin, racing driver (b. 1991)
- Elise Mertens, tennis (b. 1995)
- Mandela Keita, footballer (b. 2002)
Lived in Leuven
- Jean Baptiste Abbeloos, orientalist and rector of the University of Leuven (1836–1906)
- Adrian VI, pope and theologian (1459–1523)
- Michel Baius, theologian (1513–1589)
- Johannes Basius, agent and advisor of William of Orange (1540–1596)
- Dirk Bouts, painter (c. 1410/20–1475)
- Imperial ambassador to England(1489–1556)
- Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine(b. 1917)
- Koenraad Elst
- Desiderius Erasmus, humanistand theologian (1466–1536)
- carillonist(1721–1785)
- Joseph Heremans, professor, Immunologist, discovered IgA and coined the term Immunoglobulins (1927–1975)
- Cornelius Jansen, father of Jansenism (1585–1638)
- Jean-Baptiste Janssens, philosophy teacher, Superior General of the Society of Jesus (1889–1964)
- Abdul Qadeer Khan, metallurgical engineer (b. 1935)
- Matheus de Layens, architect (d.1483)
- primeval atom" or the "Cosmic Egg".
- Ron Lewis, basketball player (b. 1984)
- Margaret of Louvain, servant, Catholic saint (1207–1225)
- philologistand humanist (1547–1606)
- Gerardus Mercator, cartographer (1512–1594)
- chronicler(1590–1643)
- Daniël Theys, expressive artist and glassmaker (b. 1953)
- Jan Van der Roost, composer (b. 1956)
- Pieter-Jozef Verhaghen, painter (1728–1811)
- Philip Verheyen, surgeon and rector of the University of Leuven (1648–1711)
- Andreas Vesalius, anatomist, physician (1514–1564)
International relations
Twin towns/sister cities
This section needs additional citations for verification. (July 2017) |
Leuven is
- 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
- Kraków, Poland[43]
- Lüdenscheid, Germany
- Rennes, France
- Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Friendly relations
Aside from the aforementioned cities, Leuven has friendly relations with:
- New Delhi, India[44]
- Tainan, Taiwan
- Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Ocaña, Spain "Ocaña".
Leuven has an 'adoptive village'
- Cristian, Romania
See also
References
Notes
- Wikidata Q12480, retrieved 2 June 2022
- ^ Federal Ministry of Home Affairs, 1 November 2016
- ^ "About KU Leuven". Kuleuven.be. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ "Top 10 Largest Beer Companies in the World 2020 | Top Beer Brands". Blog.technavio.com. 8 May 2020. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ "Top 10 FMCG Companies in the World 2021". Mbaskool.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ "Blaeu Atlas (UCLA Library – YRL Reference and Instructional Services)". Library.ucla.edu. 2 April 2003. Archived from the original on 27 October 2002. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4000-0881-0. Archivedfrom the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ^ Van Even 1895, p. 97.
- ^ Van Even 1895, p. 96.
- ^ Diriken 2006, p. 24.
- ^ Michael S. Neiberg, Fighting the Great War: A Global History, Harvard University Press, 2005. p. 15.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. .
- ISBN 9781846140136.
- ^ a b Gibson, Craig (30 January 2008). "The culture of destruction in the First World War". Times Literary Supplement. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 18 February 2008.
- ^ Knuth 2006, p. 164.
- ^ Tuchman 1962, p. 321.
- ^ McNair, Arnold D. (1926). International Law: A Treatise, vol.2, Disputes, War and Neutrality. Longmans, Green and Co.
- from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ The burning of the library of Leuven and the international response Archived 3 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Mark Derez, 2012, University Archives KU Leuven (pp. 9–12)
- ^ "The Burning of Louvain – World War I Document Archive". Wwi.lib.byu.edu. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
- ^ *Ellis, L. F. (1954) The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940 Archived 21 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. J. R. M. Butler (ed.). HMSO. London (p. 62)
- ^ Derez p. 13
- ^ "Climate data Leuven" (PDF). KMI/IRM. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ "KU Leuven once again tops Reuters ranking of Europe's most innovative universities". Nieuws.kuleuven.be. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Siemens acquires LMS International". Lrd.kuleuven.be. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Huawei Launches New European Research Institute to Gear up European Digitization Progress and Achieve Win-Win Outcomes – Huawei Press Center". Huawei.com. Archived from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "Flemish destinations". Visitflanders.com. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- ^ "Aantal studenten". KU Leuven. 9 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- ^ Mertens, Bart (14 October 2018). "New coalition: sp.a/Groen/CD&V" [Nieuwe coalitie: sp.a/Groen/CD&V]. hln.be. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "USO – Homepage". Usoleuven.be. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
- ^ "UHO". Uho.be. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Arenbergorkest". Arenbergorkest.be. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
- ^ "Het Arenbergorkest - Leuvens studentenorkest". Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 19 June 2009.
- ^ "World Heritage List | Belfries of Belgium and France". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "'Apostle of the Lepers,' Spanish mystic among 10 to be canonized". Catholicnewsagency.com. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
- ^ "Pope Proclaims Five New Saints". Radio Vaticana. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
- ^ Boeynaems, Libert H. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
- ^ "Leuven & Park Abbey". Visitleuven.be. 8 December 2016. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ "Wie woont hier? – Norbertijnenabdij van Park". Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
- ^ "Abdij Keizersberg". Abdijkeizersberg.be. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Al Fath | Al Fath Moskee". Alfath.be. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Home". Alihsaan.be. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ "Kraków – Miasta Bliźniacze" [Kraków – Twin Cities]. Miejska Platforma Internetowa Magiczny Kraków (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ "Samenwerking tussen Leuven en New Delhi verankerd" (in Dutch). 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
Bibliography
- "Louvain", chapter from George Wharton Edwards's 1911 book, Some Old Flemish Towns. (Wikisource)
- Diriken, Pierre (2006). Geogids Leuven (in Dutch). Kortessem. ISBN 90-752-2450-8.
- Knuth, Rebecca (2006). Burning Books and Leveling Libraries: Extremist Violence and Cultural Destruction. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
- Tuchman, Barbara (1962). The Guns of August. New York: Macmillan.
- Van Even, Edward (1895). Louvain dans le passé et dans le présent (in French). Peeters (published 2001). ISBN 2-87723-578-5.
External links
- Official website
- Detailed map of Leuven Archived 30 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine (detailed map of Leuven by the KUL)
- Streets worldwide named after Leuven, zoomable
- Trains between Brussels and Leuven