Lublin
Lublin | ||
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Car plates LU | | |
Primary airport | Lublin Airport | |
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Website | www | |
Lublin[a] is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland. It is the capital and the centre of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 336,339 (December 2021).[2] Lublin is the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River, located 153 km (95 mi) to the southeast of Warsaw.
One of the events that greatly contributed to the city's development was the
Until the partitions at the end of the 18th century, Lublin was a royal city of the Crown Kingdom of Poland. Its delegates and nobles had the right to participate in the royal election. In 1578, Lublin was chosen as the seat of the Crown Tribunal, the highest appeal court in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and for centuries, the city has been flourishing as a centre of culture and higher learning.
In 2011, the analytical
History
Archaeological finds indicate a long presence of cultures in the area. A complex of settlements started to develop on the future site of Lublin and in its environs in the sixth to seventh centuries. Remains of settlements dating back to the sixth century were discovered in the centre of today's Lublin on Czwartek ("Thursday") Hill.
The period of the
The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it military significance. During the first half of the 13th century, Lublin was a target of attacks by
Jagiellonian Poland
In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from the king Władysław II Jagiełło. With the coming of peace between Poland and Lithuania, it developed into a trade centre, handling a large portion of commerce between the countries. In 1474, the area around Lublin was carved out of Sandomierz Voivodeship and combined to form the Lublin Voivodeship, the third voivodeship of Lesser Poland.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were held in Lublin. In the 16th century, the parliaments (Sejm) of the Kingdom of Poland were held in Lublin several times. On 26 June 1569, one of the most important proclaimed the Union of Lublin, which united Poland and Lithuania. Lublin as one of the most influential cities[11] of the state enjoyed voting rights during the royal elections in Poland.
Some of the artists and writers of the 16th century
Since the second half of the 16th century,
The yeshiva became a centre of learning of Talmud and Kabbalah, leading the city to be called "the Jewish Oxford".[11] In 1567, the rosh yeshiva (headmaster) received the title of rector from the king along with rights and privileges equal to those of the heads of Polish universities.
The city declined due to the disastrous Deluge, when it was invaded by Russo-Cossack forces in 1655, and Sweden in 1656.
19th and early 20th century
After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Lublin was located in the Austrian empire, then following the Austro-Polish War of 1809 it was part of the short-lived Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and then in 1815 it became part of the Congress Poland in the Russian Partition of Poland.
At the beginning of the 19th century, new squares, streets, and public buildings were built. In 1877, a railway connection to Warsaw and
Russian rule ended in 1915, when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. After the defeat of the
In 1921, Roman Catholics constituted 58.9% of the city's population, Jews - 39.5%. In 1931, 63.7% of the inhabitants were Roman Catholic and 34.7% Jewish.[14]
On July 20, 1931, a violent tornado carved a path of destruction through the city, destroying dozens of structures in downtown and killing six people. This tornado is officially rated F4 on the Fujita scale; however, the Polish Weather Service estimated winds at 246 to 324 mph (396 to 521 km/h), potentially ranking it as an F5.[15]
World War II
In early September 1939, during the joint German-Soviet
On 23–25 December 1939, the Germans carried out massacres of 31 Poles in several locations in Lublin.
An attempt to "Germanise" the city led to an influx of the ethnic Volksdeutsche, increasing the number of German minority from 10–15% in 1939 to 20–25%. Near Lublin, the so-called "reservation" for the Jews was built based on the idea of racial segregation known as the "Nisko or Lublin Plan".[22]
The Germans established and operated a Baudienst forced labour camp for Poles in Lublin.[23] Many Poles from or associated with Lublin, including 94 lecturers, alumni and students of the Catholic University of Lublin were murdered by the Soviets in the large Katyn massacre in April–May 1940.[24]
The Jewish population was forced into the newly established
After the war, some survivors emerged from hiding with the Christian rescuers or returned from the Soviet Union, and re-established a small Jewish community in the city, but their numbers were insignificant. Most survivors left Poland for Israel, the United States and other countries.[28]
In the first years of the occupation, many
On 24 July 1944, the city was taken by the
Post-war period
In the postwar years, Lublin continued to grow, tripling its population and greatly expanding its area. A considerable scientific and research base was established around the newly founded
In 2023, following the
Geography
Lublin lies in eastern Poland on the Lublin Upland. The Bystrzyca river, a tributary of the Wieprz river, passes through the city and divides it into two parts: western, with a more varied relief with loess gorges, and eastern, which is flat. In the southern part of the city there is an artificial Zemborzyce Lake created by damming Bystrzyca.
The area of the city is 147 km2. The highest point lies at a height of 235.0 m (771.0 ft) and the lowest point at a height of 163.6 m (537 ft).
Lublin has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with cold, damp winters and warm summers.
Climate data for Lublin (1991–2020, extremes 1951–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
31.6 (88.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
35.1 (95.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
13.8 (56.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.3 (75.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
8.2 (46.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
8.2 (46.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.9 (23.2) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
3.8 (38.8) |
8.4 (47.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
13.6 (56.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −33.7 (−28.7) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−24.2 (−11.6) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
0.2 (32.4) |
4.1 (39.4) |
0.8 (33.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−20.6 (−5.1) |
−24.5 (−12.1) |
−33.7 (−28.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 33.6 (1.32) |
31.5 (1.24) |
37.9 (1.49) |
42.3 (1.67) |
70.7 (2.78) |
66.8 (2.63) |
82.2 (3.24) |
54.9 (2.16) |
62.8 (2.47) |
47.4 (1.87) |
36.5 (1.44) |
34.5 (1.36) |
601.0 (23.66) |
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 9.2 (3.6) |
10.8 (4.3) |
8.1 (3.2) |
3.0 (1.2) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.8 (0.3) |
4.0 (1.6) |
6.2 (2.4) |
10.8 (4.3) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 17.10 | 15.01 | 14.83 | 12.50 | 13.43 | 13.17 | 14.07 | 10.93 | 11.97 | 13.07 | 14.47 | 16.33 | 166.88 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0 cm) | 18.8 | 17.8 | 9.6 | 1.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 4.8 | 14.4 | 67.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
87.9 | 85.5 | 78.7 | 70.5 | 72.9 | 74.5 | 74.4 | 73.4 | 80.1 | 84.5 | 89.0 | 89.5 | 80.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 44.5 | 70.3 | 127.5 | 187.7 | 253.1 | 262.8 | 263.2 | 246.4 | 166.2 | 116.5 | 52.8 | 30.3 | 1,821.3 |
Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)[43][44][45] |
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1950 | 116,629 | — |
1960 | 183,400 | +57.3% |
1970 | 238,500 | +30.0% |
1980 | 304,424 | +27.6% |
1990 | 351,353 | +15.4% |
2000 | 358,933 | +2.2% |
2010 | 348,450 | −2.9% |
2020 | 338,586 | −2.8% |
source [46] |
The population of Lublin in 2020 was 338,586.
Economy and infrastructure
The Lublin region is a part of eastern Poland, which has benefited less from the economic transformation after 1989 than regions of Poland located closer to Western Europe. Despite the fact that Lublin is one of the closest neighbour cities for Warsaw, the investment inflow in services from the Polish capital has secured a steady growth due to relatively fast connection, while external investments are progressing, enabling nearby satellite municipality Świdnik for large-scale industrial investments.[citation needed]
Lublin is a regional centre of IT companies. Asseco Business Solutions S.A., eLeader Sp z o.o., CompuGroup Medical Polska Sp. z o.o., Abak-Soft Sp. z o.o. and others have their headquarters here. Other companies (for example
The large car factory
The price of land and investment costs are lower than in western Poland. However, the Lublin area has to be one of the main beneficiaries of the EU development funds.[48] Jerzy Kwiecinski, the deputy secretary of state in the Ministry for Regional Development at the Conference of the Ministry for Regional Development (Poland in the European Union — new possibilities for foreign investors) said:
In the immediate financial outlook, between 2007 and 2013, we will be the largest beneficiaries of the EU — every fifth Euro will be spent in Poland. In total, we will have at our disposal 120 billion EUR, assigned exclusively for post-development activities. This sum will be an enormous boost for our country.[49]
In September 2007, the prime minister signed a bill creating a special economic investment zone in Lublin that offers tax incentives. It is part of "Park Mielec" — the European Economic Development area.[50] At least 13 large companies had declared their wish to invest here, e.g., Carrefour, Comarch, Safo, Asseco, Aliplast, Herbapol, Modern-Expo, and Perła Browary Lubelskie.[51][52] At the same time, the energy conglomerate, Polska Grupa Energetyczna, which will build Poland's first nuclear power station, is to have its main offices in Lublin.
Modern shopping centers built in Lublin like Tarasy Zamkowe (Castle Terraces), Lublin Plaza, Galeria Olimp, Galeria Gala, the largest shopping mall in the city, covering 33,500 square meters of area. Similar investments are planned for the near future such as Park Felin (Felicity) and a new underground gallery ("Alchemy") between and beneath Świętoduska and Lubartowska Streets.[53]
Media
The local TVP station, TVP3 Lublin, broadcasts from a 104 m (341 ft)-tall concrete television tower.[54] The station put its first program on the air in 1985. In recent years it contributed programming to TVP3 channel and later TVP Info.
The radio stations airing from Lublin include Radio 'eR – 87.9 FM', Radio 'Eska Lublin' – 103.6 FM, Radio Lublin (regional station of the Polish Radio) – 102.2 FM, [ Radio Centrum (university radio station)] – 98.2 FM, Radio 'Free' (city station of the Polish Radio) – 89,9 FM, and Radio 'Złote Przeboje' (Golden Hits) Lublin – 95.6 FM.
Local newspapers include Kurier Lubelski daily, regional partner of the national newspaper Dziennik Wschodni daily, Gazeta Wyborcza [ Lublin Edition] daily (regional supplement to the national newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza), [ Metro] (daily, free), and Nasze Miasto Lublin weekly (free).
-
TVP3 Lublin headquarters
-
Radio Lublin transmitter tower
Transport
Airport
The Lublin Airport (Port Lotniczy Lublin) (IATA: LUZ) is located about 10 km (6.2 miles) SE of Lublin. With approximately 8 destinations and over 450 000 passengers served in 2018, it is the biggest airport in Eastern Poland. There is a direct train and bus link from the airport to downtown.
Railways
From Lublin Główny railway station, ten trains depart each day to Warsaw, and three to Kraków, as in other major cities in Poland. Lublin has also direct train connections with Rzeszów, Szczecin, Gdynia, and other Polish cities and towns in the region as Nałęczów, Chełm or Zamość. The express train to Warsaw takes about two hours.[55]
There are other smaller stations in Lublin for local trains:
- Lublin Ponikwoda railway station
- Lublin Północny railway station
- Lublin Zemborzyce railway station
- Lublin Zadębie railway station
- Lublin Zachodni railway station
- Stasin Polny railway station
- Rudnik Przystanek railway station
Roads
Lublin is located at the intersection of expressways S12, S17, and S19. Expressway S17 between Lublin and Warsaw is currently finishing construction and should be ready by the second half of 2020. S19 between Lublin and Rzeszów is currently under construction and should be finished by 2023. The rest of the planned expressway network around the city, that will be built in the coming years, consists of S12 to the east in the direction Chełm, S19 north towards Białystok, and S17 southeast towards Zamość. The expressway bypass of Lublin allows transit traffic to avoid the city centre.
Long-distance buses depart from near the Castle in the Old Town and serve most of the same destinations as the rail network.
Lublin is one of only four towns in Poland to have trolleybuses (the others are Gdynia, Sopot, and Tychy).[56]
Culture and tourism
Lublin is the largest city in eastern Poland and serves as an important regional cultural capital. Since then, many important international events have taken place here, involving international artists, researchers and politicians.
Architecture
Lublin's Old Town shares several traditions with Lesser Poland, mostly the dialect and historic architecture that brings a unique ambience comparable with Kraków. It is, however, a distinct experience, which benefits from artistic renovation, that progressed somehow slower and more modestly focusing more on quality and less on commercialization. Historic buildings, including ruined townhouses that await for new owners, create a unique atmosphere of the renaissance city. Lublin's Old Town has cobbled, narrow streets and mostly medieval layout and design. Many venues around Old Town enjoy an architecture applicable for restaurants, art hotels, pubs galleries, and clubs. Apart from entertainment, the area houses small businesses and prestigious offices.
There are several historic churches in the Old Town, including the Holy Trinity Chapel in Lublin Castle with the frescos, that are a mixture of Roman Catholic motifs with eastern Byzantine styles, reinforcing how the city connects the west with the east. Other important churches are the Late Gothic Virgin Mary Victorious Church, Renaissance Dominican Basilica and Bernardine church as well as Baroque St. John the Baptist Cathedral.
Monuments of the 20th-century architecture include the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva and its synagogue, socialist-realist Zamkowy Square and brutalist Słowacki housing estate by Oskar Hansen.
-
Courtyard of the Lublin Castle with the 13th-century keep and the 14th-century Holy Trinity Chapel
-
Frescoes inside the Holy Trinity Chapel
-
Grodzka Gate
-
Crown Tribunal at the Market Square
-
Historic tenement houses at the Market Square
-
Lublin Cathedral
-
Interior of the Cathedral
-
Late Gothic Virgin Mary Victorious Church
-
Dominican Church
-
Lubomirski Palace
-
Eclectic Grand Hotel Lublinianka
-
Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva and its synagogue
-
Zamkowy Square
The arts
Museum
The premier museum in the city is the National Museum of Lublin, one of the oldest and largest museums of Eastern Poland. It is located in the Lublin castle and contains some castle's interiors, like the Holy Trinity Chapel with its frescoes in the Byzantine style. The museum permanent collection include also many Polish and foreign painting from the 17th to 20th century, as well as the gallery of paintings by Tamara de Lempicka.
Other museums include also the Museum of the History of the City of Lublin, the Museum of the Eastern Territories of the Old Polish Republic, the Józef Czechowicz Museum, the Under the clock Martyrdom Museum and the Museum of Housing Estates on the Słowacki Housing Estate.
Important museum is also the Majdanek State Museum in the former Majdanek Nazi concentration and extermination camp. In 2011 it was visited by 121,404 visitors.[57]
Cinema
Lublin is a city with a proactive approach towards filmmaking industry. The city is featured in some notable films, and that include
In 2008, Lublin collaborated with Ukrainian
The Lublin Film Fund has been active since 2009, actively caring for cultivation of cinematographic talents in Lublin and promoting the city by provision of financial and organizational support. Numerous feature films have been partially financed by the fund, including Kamienie na Szaniec, Panie Dulskie, Volta and award-winning Carte Blanche.[60]
Theatres
There are many cultural organizations in Lublin, either municipal, governmental and/or non-governmental. Among the popular venues are municipal theatres and playhouses such as:
- Musical Theatre in Lublin – Teatr Muzyczny w Lublinie, opera, operetta, musical, ballet
- Henryk Wieniawski Lublin Philharmonic – Filharmonia Lubelska
- Juliusz Osterwa Theatre
- Hans Christian Andersen Theatre – with puppet programmes for children
Fringe theatres:
- Centrum Kultury w Lublinie
- Ośrodek Praktyk Teatralnych – Gardzienice
- Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka – Theatre NN"
- Centrum Projekt Pracovnia Maat
Galleries
There are numerous art galleries in Lublin; some are run by private owners, and some are municipal, government, NGO, or associations' venues. The Labyrinth Gallery (formerly "BWA") is the Artistic Exhibitions Office – Biuro Wystaw Artystycznych.
Pubs and restaurants
In the Old Town and the immediate surrounding, over 100 unique restaurants, fine-dining venues, cafes, pubs, clubs and other catering outlets are located. In the latter half of the 2010s, the robust international community gathered around Lublin's Medical University has impacted the growth of restaurants offering various world cuisines.
Catering to students, who account for 35% of the population, the city offers a vibrant music and nightclub scene[61] Lublin has many theatres and museums and a professional orchestra, the Lublin Philharmonic.[62][63][64][65]
City of festivals
Lublin aims to be known as the Polish Capital of Festivals.[11] Most years, Lublin increases the number of festivals held in the city. The most significant of them include:
- Carnaval Sztukmistrzów – held in last days of July, is the largest new circus festival in Poland. Name of the Carnival is inspired by the character of The Magician of Lublin, from a novel by Isaac Bashevis Singer.[66]
- Urban Highline Festival – held in last days of July[67]
- Night of Culture (Noc Kultury) – usually held on the first Saturday night of June. Consisting of hundreds of events spanning the city, it is a cultural manifestation of Lublin's potential. Admission to all events is free.[68]
- OpenCity Festival – outdoor performances festival. International artists and performers create art installations in public places in Lublin.[69]
- Night of Museums – Lublin's culture institutions become open to visitors at night.
- The Jagiellonian Fair (Jarmark Jagielloński) – held in late August, is a chance to meet numerous artists, artisans, and craftspeople from Central and Eastern Europe.
- St Nicolas Day International Festival of Folk Music (Mikołajki Folkowe)[70] – the oldest folk music festival in Poland, held in the first decade of December[71]
- East Of Culture – Different Sounds Art'n'Music Festival (Wschód Kultury – Inne Brzmienia Art'n'Music Festival), held in late June, is a meeting of world-class artists that represent various nationalities and practise diverse music styles.[72]
- Lubelskie Dni Kultury Studenckiej – Lublin's Days of Student Culture – an annual students' holiday. Usually celebrated for about three weeks between May and June. Due to the city's large student population, the festival in Lublin is the longest in Poland.[citation needed]
- Lublin. Miasto Poezji – Poetry Festival organised by Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka – Teatr NN" and Polish Literature Institute of Catholic University in Lublin.
- Noc z Czechowiczem – A Night with Czechowicz – a walking tour, inspired by the "Poem on the City of Lublin" written by Józef Czechowicz. It is held on the first full moon in July, and is organised by Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka – Teatr NN".
- Najstarsze Pieśni Europy – The oldest songs of Europe – Festival of Muzyka Kresów Foundation
- Future Shorts – World Short Film Label
- International Lublin Dance Festival – Międzynarodowe Spotkania Teatrów Tańca – one of the leading dance art festivals in Europe[73]
- International Theatre Festival "Confrontations" – Międzynarodowy Festiwal Teatralny "Konfrontacje"[74]
- Ukraine in the Center of Lublin – Ukraina w Centrum Lublina[75] – held in November since 2008, is a showcase of contemporary Ukrainian culture and a space for Polish-Ukrainian intercultural dialogue.
- "Falkon" – Fantasy and Science Fiction Festival – Ogólnopolski Festiwal Fantastyki Falkon – held in November, is one of the biggest fantasy conventions in Poland.[76]
- Polish Students' Theatre Festival – Studencki Ogólnopolski Festiwal Teatralny Kontestacje
- International Folk Dance Festival – Międzynarodowe Spotkania Folklorystyczne im. Ignacego Wachowiaka
- Scena Młodych – Youth Scene, music festival
- Zwierciadła – Mirrors – High School Theatres Revision
- Zaduszki Jazzowe – Jazz Souls' Day – which take place in Dominican Order Monastery
European Capital of Culture
In 2007, Lublin joined the group of Polish cities as candidates for the title of European Capital of Culture. Lublin was shortlisted, but ultimately Wrocław was chosen. Lublin is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission Intercultural cities programme.
Sports
- Era Basket Ligain 2003–04 season.
- Women's EHF Cupin season 2000–01.
- Motor Lublin – professional football team competing in the Polish 2nd Division (as of 2023[update]).
- ).
- Budowlani Lublin – a local rugby union team competing in the Polish, and surrounding district league.
- Speed Car Motor Lublin – speedway club competing in the Polish league (first division).
- LSKT – Lublin's Taekwon-do sport club.
- Tytani Lublin – semi-professional American football team.
International events
- 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup
- An annual motocross race
Education
There are five public schools of higher education:
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University(UMCS)
- John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL)
- Medical University of Lublin
- University of Life Sciences in Lublin
- Politechnika Lubelska
Lublin is home to private higher education establishments.
- University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin
- Lubelska Szkoła Biznesu
- Wyższa Szkoła Nauk Społecznych z siedzibą w Lublinie
- Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Administracji
- Vincent Pol University in Lublin
It is home to one of the oldest still-functioning schools in Poland, The Staszic School, which was established in 1586. The school has many notable alumni, such as Bolesław Prus, one of the most influential Polish writers and novelists, and Lesław Paga, the co-founder of the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Politics and local government
Lublin is the capital of the province called Lublin Voivodeship, a province (voivodeship) created in 1999. The city is a separate urban gmina and city county (powiat).
Municipal government
Lublin is governed by the municipal legislature known as the
Symbols
Lublin has an official flag, a 5:8 rectangle divided into three horizontal stripes: white (top), green (narrow, middle), and red (bottom). In the central part, there is the coat of arms of Lublin. It is also allowed to hang the flag in the form of a vertical ribbon: then white should be on the left side or near the spar.
Districts
Lublin is divided into 27 administrative divisions (dzielnica):[78] Abramowice, Bronowice, Czechów Południowy, Czechów Północny, Czuby Południowe, Czuby Północne, Dziesiąta, Felin, Głusk, Hajdów-Zadębie, Kalinowszczyzna, Konstantynów, Kośminek, Ponikwoda, Rury, Sławin, Sławinek, Stare Miasto, Szerokie, Śródmieście, Tatary, Węglin Południowy, Węglin Północny, Wieniawa, Wrotków, Za Cukrownią, and Zemborzyce.
International relations
Lublin is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the EU Intercultural cities programme.[79] In 2017, Lublin was awarded the Europe Prize by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.[80] In 2023, Lublin was selected as the European Youth Capital[81] by international jury of the European Youth Forum. Lublin is a signatory of the European charter for equality of women and men in local life.[82]
Two settlements outside of Poland were created that were named Lublin.
Twin towns — sister cities
Lublin is
Former twin towns:
- Russian invasion of Ukraine)[90]
Notable residents
- Biernat z Lublina(~1465-~1529), Polish poet, fabulist, translator and physician
- Franciszka Arnsztajnowa (1865–1942), née Meyerson, poet, playwright and translator
- World Cup 2006
- Józef Czechowicz, (1903–1939), poet, writer and editor
- America's Next Top Model. She came in 5th place.
- Rabbi Jacob ben Ephraim (unknown–1648), "The Gaon Rabbi Jacob of Lublin"
- Rabbi Joshua Falk (1555–1614), also known as Joshua ben Alexander HaCohen Falk
- Rabbi Shneur Zalman Fradkin (1830–1902), "The Toras Chessed"
- Rabbi Aryeh Tzvi Frumer (1884–1943), "The Kozhiglover Rav", Holocaust victim
- Rafał Gan-Ganowicz (1932–2002), mercenary, journalist and activist
- Jacob Glatstein (1896–1971), literary critic
- Alter Mojze Goldman (1909–1988), resistance fighter
- Rabbi Zadok HaKohen Rabinowitz (1823–1900)
- Kitty Hart-Moxon (born 1926), Holocaust survivor
- Julia Hartwig (1921–2017), poet, writer and translator
- Paweł Holc (born 1971), footballer
- Rabbi Moses Isserles (1520–1572), "Rema"
- Jann (born 1999), singer-songwriter
- Sebastian Klonowic (1545–1602), Polish poet and composer
- Polish Renaissancepoet
- Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887), Polish writer, publisher, historian, journalist, scholar, political activist, painter and author
- Anna Langfus (1920–1966), née Anna Szternfinkiel, writer, Prix de Goncourt winner in 1966
- Felix Lembersky (1913–1970), artist and painter
- Janusz Lewandowski (1951–), MEP, former minister of privatisation
- Rabbi Solomon Luria (1510–1573), "The Maharshal"
- Aleksandra Mirosław (born 1994), speed climber
- Marcin Narwojsz (born 1976), retired footballer
- Wincenty Pol (1807–1872), poet and geographer
- Rabbi Jacob Pollak (1460–1541)
- Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755–1821), Polish nobleman, politician and writer
- Rabbi Sholom Rokeach (1781–1855), "Sar Sholom", the first Belzer Rebbe
- Yitzhak Sadeh (born Isaac Landsberg; 1890–1952), a founder of the Israel Defense Forces
- Mateusz Sawrymowicz (born 1987), swimmer
- Rabbi Shalom Shachna (unknown–1558)
- Rabbi Meir Shapiro (1887–1933), "The Lubliner Rav"
- Rabbi Joel Sirkis (1561–1640), also known as Joel ben Samuel Sirkis
- Bartosz Staszewski (1990–), activist and filmmaker
- Patryk Szysz (1998–), Polish professional footballer
- Dominik Tarczyński (born 1979), Member of European Parliament
- Bronisława Wajs (1908–1987), Polish-Romani poet and singer
- Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880), violinist, born in Lublin
- Tomasz Wójtowicz (1953–2022), volleyball player, Olympic champion
- Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin (1745–1815), "The Seer of Lublin"
- Rabbi Mordecai Yoffe (1530–1612), "The Levush"
- Wladyslaw Zmuda(born 1954), Polish former professional footballer, four-time World Cup participant
- Johann Hermann Zukertort(1842–1888), chess grand master
- Henio Zytomirski (1933–1942), Holocaust victim
See also
- Lublin Triangle
- Lublin Holocaust Memorial
- Lublin Department (Polish: Departament Lubelski): a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland's Duchy of Warsaw, 1806–15
- Old Jewish Cemetery, Lublin
- Tourism in Poland
- Union of Lublin (painting)
- Missionary Church and Monastery, Lublin
- Urban Highline Festival Lublin
Notes
References
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{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - ^ "Tourist Guide: Lublin" (PDF). Lublin City Council. 2009. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2015.
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External links
- Lublin official website (in Polish) (in English)
- Górczyk, Wojciech Jerzy, (2020), The Former Reformati Order's Monasteries Route (Lublin, p. 30-33), ISBN 978-83-949345-3-8
- Official site Lublin the City of Inspiration (English version)
- Lublin Municipality official website (in Polish) (in English)
- Lublin, Poland at JewishGen
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .