Lublin Ghetto

Coordinates: 51°15′11″N 22°34′18″E / 51.25304°N 22.57155°E / 51.25304; 22.57155
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Lublin Ghetto
Majdanek
Victims34,000 Polish Jews

The Lublin Ghetto was a

Majdanek.[1][4]

History

Jewish women in occupied Lublin, September 1939
The German Order Police descending to the cellars on a "Jew hunt, Lublin, December 1940

Already in 1939–40, before the ghetto was officially pronounced, the

SS and Police Leader Odilo Globocnik (the SS district commander who also ran the Jewish reservation), began to relocate the Lublin Jews further away from his staff headquarters at Spokojna Street,[5] and into a new city zone set up for this purpose. Meanwhile, the first 10,000 Jews had been expelled from Lublin to the rural surroundings of the city beginning in early March.[6]

The ghetto, referred to as the "Jewish quarter" (or Wohngebiet der Juden), was formally opened a year later on 24 March 1941. The expulsion and ghettoization of the Jews was decided when the arriving

Notable individuals

One widely feared collaborator was Szama (Shlomo) Grajer, owner of a Jewish restaurant and a brothel serving Nazis on Kowalska Street.

zlotys from each of them.[9] He also used to hunt for starving girls in the Ghetto for his Nazi brothel.[8] Grajer eventually cornered the daughter of Judenrat president Marek Alten and married her. They were shot dead together during the final liquidation of Majdan.[8]

Liquidation

At the time of its establishment, the ghetto imprisoned 34,000

Polish Jews,[1] and an unknown number of Roma people. Virtually all of them were dead by the war's end. Most of the victims, about 30,000, were deported to the Belzec extermination camp (some of them through the Piaski ghetto) between 17 March and 11 April 1942 by the Reserve Police Battalion 101 from Orpo helped by Schutzpolizei.[10] The Germans set a daily quota of 1,400 inmates to be deported to their deaths. The other 4,000 people were first moved to the Majdan Tatarski ghetto – a small ghetto established in the suburb of Lublin – and then either killed there during roundups or sent to the nearby KL Lublin/Majdanek concentration camp.[1]

The last of the Ghetto's former residents still in German captivity were murdered at Majdanek and Trawniki camps in Operation Harvest Festival on 3 November 1943.[11] At the time of the liquidation of the ghetto, the German propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary, "The procedure is pretty barbaric, and not to be described here more definitely. Not much will remain of the Jews."[1]

After liquidating the ghetto, German authorities employed a

Majdanek to demolish and dismantle the area of the former ghetto, including in the nearby village of Wieniawa and the Podzamcze district. In a symbolic event, the Maharam's Synagogue (built in the 17th century in honor of Meir Lublin) was blown up. Several centuries of Jewish culture and society in Lublin were brought to an end. The Jewish prewar population of 45,000 constituting about a third of the town's total population of 120,000 in 1939 was eradicated.[5][11]

A few individuals managed to escape the liquidation of the Lublin Ghetto and made their way to the

exterminating the whole of the Jewish population in Poland.[12] However, others, including head of the Warsaw's Judenrat, Adam Czerniaków, at the time dismissed these reports of mass murders as "exaggerations".[3]
Only 230 Lublin Jews are known to have survived the German occupation.

See also

References

  1. ^ .
  2. .
  3. ^ a b Lawrence N. Powell, Troubled Memory: Anne Levy, the Holocaust, and David Duke's Louisiana, UNC Press, 2002, p. 125 [1]
  4. Museum of the History of the Polish Jews  (in English), as well as "Getta Żydowskie," by Gedeon
    ,  (in Polish) and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm  (in English). Accessed July 12, 2011.
  5. ^ a b Grodzka Gate Centre, History of Grodzka Gate (the Jewish Gate). Remembrance of Lublin's multicultural history. Also: "Operation Reinhard" in Lublin with relevant literature. Accessed July 2, 2014.
  6. ^
    OCLC 959351371
    .
  7. ^ Robert Kuwalek, "Lublin's Jewish Heritage Trail"
  8. ^ a b c Ziemba, Helena (2001). "W Getcie i Kryjówce w Lublinie". Ścieżki Pamięci, Żydowskie Miasto w Lublinie – Losy, Miejsca, Historia (Paths of Memory, the Jewish Ghetto of Lublin – Fate, Places, History) (PDF file, direct download 4.9 MB) (in Polish). Rishon LeZion, Israel; Lublin, Poland: Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka – Teatr NN" & Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Izraelskiej w Lublinie. pp. 27–30. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  9. ^ Gewerc-Gottlieb, Irena (2001). "Mój Lublin Szczęśliwy i Nieszczęśliwy". Ścieżki Pamięci, Żydowskie Miasto w Lublinie – Losy, Miejsca, Historia (Paths of Memory, the Jewish Ghetto of Lublin – Fate, Places, History) (PDF file, direct download 4.9 MB) (in Polish). Rishon LeZion, Israel; Lublin, Poland: Ośrodek "Brama Grodzka – Teatr NN" & Towarzystwo Przyjaźni Polsko-Izraelskiej w Lublinie. p. 24. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
  10. ISBN 978-0060995065. Retrieved 27 June 2014. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help
    )
  11. ^ a b Mark Salter, Jonathan Bousfield, Poland, Rough Guides, 2002, pg. 304 [2]
  12. ^ Alexandra Garbarini, Numbered Days: Diaries and the Holocaust, Yale University Press, 2006, p. 49 [3]
  • Tadeusz Radzik, Zagłada lubelskiego getta. The extermination of the Lublin Ghetto, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University 2007 (in Polish and English)

Further reading

External links

51°15′11″N 22°34′18″E / 51.25304°N 22.57155°E / 51.25304; 22.57155