Luciano Pavarotti
Luciano Pavarotti | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 6 September 2007 Modena, Italy | (aged 71)
Occupation | Opera singer (tenor) |
Years active | 1955–2006 |
Spouses |
|
Children | 4 |
Signature | |
Luciano Pavarotti
As one of the Three Tenors, who performed their first concert during the 1990 FIFA World Cup before a global audience, Pavarotti became well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of "Nessun dorma" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-Aida Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as La bohème, Tosca, Turandot and Madama Butterfly. He sold over 100 million records, and the first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1988,[1] and died from pancreatic cancer on 6 September 2007.
Biography
Early life and musical training
Luciano Pavarotti was born in 1935 on the outskirts of Modena in Northern Italy, the son of Fernando Pavarotti, a baker and amateur tenor, and Adele Venturi, a cigar factory worker.[2] Although he spoke fondly of his childhood, the family had little money; its four members were crowded into a two-room apartment. According to Pavarotti, his father had a fine tenor voice but rejected the possibility of a singing career because of nervousness. World War II forced the family out of the city in 1943. For the following year, they rented a single room from a farmer in the neighbouring countryside, where the young Pavarotti developed an interest in farming.
After abandoning the dream of becoming a football goalkeeper, Pavarotti spent seven years in vocal training. Pavarotti's earliest musical influences were his father's records, most of them featuring the popular tenors of the day—Beniamino Gigli, Giovanni Martinelli, Tito Schipa, and Enrico Caruso. Pavarotti's favourite tenor and idol was Giuseppe Di Stefano and he was also deeply influenced by Mario Lanza, saying: "In my teens I used to go to Mario Lanza movies and then come home and imitate him in the mirror". At around the age of nine, he began singing with his father in a small local church choir.
In addition to music, as a child, Pavarotti enjoyed playing football. When he graduated from the Scuola Magistrale he was interested in pursuing a career as a professional football goalkeeper, but his mother convinced him to train as a teacher. He subsequently taught in an elementary school for two years but finally decided to pursue a music career. His father, recognising the risk involved, only reluctantly gave his consent. Pavarotti began the serious study of music in 1954 at the age of 19 with Arrigo Pola, a respected teacher and professional tenor in Modena who offered to teach him without remuneration. According to conductor Richard Bonynge, Pavarotti never learned to read music.[3]
In 1955, he experienced his first singing success when he was a member of the Corale Rossini, a
During his years of musical study, Pavarotti held part-time jobs in order to sustain himself—first as an elementary school teacher and then as an insurance salesman. The first six years of study resulted in only a few recitals, all in small towns and without pay. When a
Career: 1960s–1970s
Pavarotti began his career as a tenor in smaller regional Italian opera houses, making his debut as Rodolfo in
He made his first international appearance in La traviata in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Very early in his career, on 23 February 1963, he debuted at the Vienna State Opera in the same role. In March and April 1963 Vienna saw Pavarotti again as Rodolfo and as Duca di Mantova in Rigoletto. The same year saw his first concert outside Italy when he sang in Dundalk, Ireland for the St Cecilia's Gramophone Society, he was engaged by the Dublin Grand Opera Society to sing The Duke of Mantua in Verdi's Rigoletto in May and June, and his Royal Opera House debut, where he replaced an indisposed Giuseppe Di Stefano as Rodolfo.[7][8][9]
There exists on archive.org three complete performances from Pavarotti's early career in 1964, when he was engaged by the Dublin Grand Opera Society to sing Rudolfo in
While generally successful, Pavarotti's early roles did not immediately propel him into the stardom that he would later enjoy. An early coup involved his connection with
During the Australia tour in summer 1965, Sutherland and Pavarotti sang some forty performances over two months, and Pavarotti later credited Sutherland for the breathing technique that would sustain him over his career.[15] After the extended Australian tour, he returned to La Scala, where he added Tebaldo from I Capuleti e i Montecchi to his repertoire on 26 March 1966, with Giacomo Aragall as Romeo. His first appearance as Tonio in Donizetti's La fille du régiment took place at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, on 2 June of that year. It was his performances of this role that would earn him the title of "King of the High Cs".[16][17] He scored another major triumph in Rome on 20 November 1969 when he sang in I Lombardi opposite Renata Scotto. This was recorded on a private label and widely distributed, as were various recordings of his I Capuleti e i Montecchi, usually with Aragall. Early commercial recordings included a recital of Donizetti (the aria from Don Sebastiano were particularly highly regarded) and Verdi arias, as well as a complete L'elisir d'amore with Sutherland.
His major breakthrough in the United States came on 17 February 1972, in a production of La fille du régiment at New York's
In 1976, Pavarotti debuted at the Salzburg Festival, appearing in a solo recital on 31 July, accompanied by pianist Leone Magiera. Pavarotti returned to the festival in 1978 with a recital and as the Italian singer in Der Rosenkavalier in 1983 with Idomeneo, and both in 1985 and 1988 with solo recitals. In 1979, he was profiled in a cover story in the weekly magazine Time.[18] That same year saw Pavarotti's return to the Vienna State Opera after an absence of fourteen years. With Herbert von Karajan conducting, Pavarotti sang Manrico in Il trovatore. In 1978, he appeared in a solo recital on Live from Lincoln Center.
Career: 1980s–1990s
At the beginning of the 1980s, he set up The Pavarotti International Voice Competition for young singers, performing with the winners in 1982 in excerpts of La bohème and L'elisir d'amore. The second competition, in 1986, staged excerpts of La bohème and Un ballo in maschera. To celebrate the 25th anniversary of his career, he brought the winners of the competition to Italy for gala performances of La bohème in Modena and
In the mid-1980s, Pavarotti returned to two opera houses that had provided him with important breakthroughs, the Vienna State Opera and La Scala. Vienna saw Pavarotti as Rodolfo in La bohème with Carlos Kleiber conducting and again Mirella Freni was Mimi; as Nemorino in L'elisir d'amore; as Radames in Aida conducted by Lorin Maazel; as Rodolfo in Luisa Miller; and as Gustavo in Un ballo in maschera conducted by Claudio Abbado. In 1996, Pavarotti appeared for the last time at the Staatsoper in Andrea Chénier. Throughout the 1980s and 90s, promoters Tibor Rudas and Harvey Goldsmith booked Pavarotti into increasingly larger venues.
In 1985, Pavarotti sang Radames at La Scala opposite Maria Chiara in a Luca Ronconi production conducted by Maazel, recorded on video. His performance of the aria "Celeste Aida" received a two-minute ovation on the opening night. He was reunited with Mirella Freni for the San Francisco Opera production of La bohème in 1988, also recorded on video. In 1992, La Scala saw Pavarotti in a new Zeffirelli production of Don Carlos, conducted by Riccardo Muti. Pavarotti's performance was heavily criticised by some observers and booed by parts of the audience.
Pavarotti became even better known throughout the world in 1990 when his rendition of the aria "
In September 1995, Pavarotti performed Schubert's
Pavarotti's rise to stardom was not without occasional difficulties, however. He earned a reputation as "The King of Cancellations" by frequently backing out of performances, and his unreliable nature led to poor relationships with some opera houses. This was brought into focus in 1989 when
Career: Early 2000s
In 2001, Pavarotti was acquitted in an Italian court of a long-standing dispute concerning his official country of residency and taxable earnings.[28] Pavarotti long claimed Monte Carlo in the tax haven of Monaco as his official residence, but an Italian court in 1999 had rejected that claim by ruling that his Monaco address could not accommodate his entire family.[29] In 2000 Pavarotti agreed to pay the Italian government more than $7.6 million in back taxes and penalties as a result of tax evasion charges that dated from 1989 to 1995. Pavarotti was subsequently fully acquitted by an Italian court of filing false tax returns in 2001.[28]
On 13 December 2003, he married his second wife and former personal assistant, Nicoletta Mantovani (born 1969), with whom he already had another daughter, Alice. Alice's twin brother, Riccardo, was
In late 2003, he released his final compilation—and his first and only "crossover" album, Ti Adoro. Most of the 13 songs were written and produced by Michele Centonze, who had already helped produce the "Pavarotti & Friends" concerts between 1998 and 2000.[33] The tenor described the album as a wedding gift to Nicoletta Mantovani. That same year he was made a Commander of Monaco's Order of Cultural Merit.[34]
In 2004, one of Pavarotti's former managers, Herbert Breslin, published a book, The King & I.[27] Seen by critics as bitter and sensationalistic, it is critical of the singer's acting (in opera), his inability to read music well and learn parts, and his personal conduct, although acknowledging their success together. In an interview in 2005 with Jeremy Paxman on the BBC, Pavarotti rejected the allegation that he could not read music, although he acknowledged he did not read orchestral scores.
He received an enormous number of awards and honours, including
Final performances and health issues
Pavarotti began his farewell tour in 2004, at the age of 69, performing one last time in old and new locations, after more than four decades on the stage. On 13 March 2004, Pavarotti gave his last performance in an opera at the
In March 2005, Pavarotti underwent neck surgery to repair two
On 10 February 2006, Pavarotti performed "Nessun dorma" at the 2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Turin, Italy, at his final performance.[37] In the last act of the opening ceremony, his performance received the longest and loudest ovation of the night from the international crowd. Leone Magiera, who directed the performance, revealed in his 2008 memoirs, Pavarotti Visto da Vicino, that the performance had been recorded weeks earlier.[38] "The orchestra pretended to play for the audience, I pretended to conduct and Luciano pretended to sing. The effect was wonderful," he wrote. Pavarotti's manager, Terri Robson, said that the tenor had turned the Winter Olympic Committee's invitation down several times because it would have been impossible to sing late at night in the subzero conditions of Turin in February. The committee eventually persuaded him to take part by prerecording the song.
Death
While proceeding with an international "
Pavarotti's funeral was held at Modena Cathedral. The then Prime Minister Romano Prodi and Kofi Annan attended.[43] The Frecce Tricolori, the aerobatic demonstration team of the Italian Air Force, flew overhead, leaving green-white-red smoke trails. After a funeral procession through the centre of Modena, Pavarotti's coffin was taken the final ten kilometres (6 miles) to Montale Rangone, a village part of Castelnuovo Rangone, and was interred in the Pavarotti family crypt. The funeral, in its entirety, was also telecast live on CNN. The Vienna State Opera and the Salzburg Festival Hall flew black flags in mourning.[44] Tributes were published by many opera houses, such as London's Royal Opera House.[45]
Other work
Film and television
Pavarotti's one venture into film was
He can be seen to better advantage in Jean-Pierre Ponnelle's movie Rigoletto, an adaptation of the opera of the same name also released in 1982, or in his more than 20 live opera performances taped for television between 1978 and 1994, most of them with the Metropolitan Opera, and most available on DVD.
He received two
Pavarotti, a 2019 documentary film about him, was directed by Ron Howard and produced with the cooperation of Pavarotti's estate using family archives, interviews and live music footage.[47]
Humanitarianism
Pavarotti annually hosted the Pavarotti & Friends charity concerts in his home town of
He performed at
He was a close friend of
In 1998, he was appointed the
In 1999, Pavarotti performed a charity benefit concert in Beirut, to mark Lebanon's re-emergence on the world stage after a brutal 15-year civil war. The largest concert held in Beirut since the end of the war, it was attended by 20,000 people who travelled from countries as distant as Saudi Arabia and Bulgaria.[52] In 1999 he also hosted a charity benefit concert to build a school in Guatemala, for Guatemalan civil war orphans. It was named after him Centro Educativo Pavarotti. Now the foundation of Nobel prize winner Rigoberta Menchú Tum is running the school.
In 2001, Pavarotti received the
Other honours he received include the "Freedom of London Award" and The
He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.[57]
Legacy and estate assignment
His first
Pavarotti's widow's lawyers, Giorgio Bernini and Anna Maria Bernini, and manager Terri Robson announced on 30 June 2008 that his family amicably settled his estate—€300 million ($474.2 million, including $15 million in U.S. assets). Pavarotti drafted two wills before his death: one divided his assets by Italian law, giving half to his second wife, Nicoletta Mantovani, and half to his four daughters; the second gave his U.S. holdings to Mantovani. The judge confirmed the compromise by the end of July 2008. However, a
He posthumously received the
Selected discography
In addition to his very large discography
Studio recital albums
- Favourite Italian Arias – Arias from Royal Opera House, Covent Garden Edward Downes Decca Records1966
- Arias by Verdi & Donizetti – Arias from Luisa Miller, Don Sebastiano (with the Wiener Opernorchester under Edward Downes, 1968).[65]
- Tenor Arias from Italian Opera – Arias from Guglielmo Tell, I puritani, Il trovatore, L'arlesiana, La bohème, Mefistofele, Don Pasquale, La Gioconda and Giuseppe Pietri's it:Maristella. Luciano Pavarotti tenor with Arleen Auger soprano. Leone Magiera (piano) Wiener Opernorchester and choir. Ambrosian Singers New Philharmonia Orchestra Nicola Rescigno1971
- The World's Favourite Tenor Arias' – Tosca, . Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. Wiener Volksoper Orchester. Leone Magiera. New Philharmonia Orchestra Richard Bonynge 1973
- Pavarotti in Concert – Arias and songs by Rossini. Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna. Richard Bonynge. 1973
- O Holy Night – Songs and carols by Adam, Wandsworth School Boys' Choir. London Voices. National Philharmonic Orchestra, Kurt Herbert Adler1976
- O Sole Mio – Favourite Neapolitan Songs 13 songs by Funiculì funiculà. Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna Anton Guadagno National Philharmonic Orchestra it:Giancarlo Chiaramello1979
- Verismo – Arias from Fedora, Mefistofele, Oliviero de Fabritiis(Riccardo Chailly for Andrea Chénier arias) 1979
- Mattinata – 14 songs by Beethoven and Francesco Durante. Philharmonia Orchestra Piero GambaNational Philharmonic Orchestra. Antonio Tonini (conductor) 1983
- Mamma – songs by Ernesto de Curtis, Arturo Buzzi-Peccia, Stanislao Gastaldon, Cesare Cesarini, A. Walter Kramer, Carlo Innocenzi, Giovanni D'Anzi, Eldo Di Lazzaro, Vincenzo De Crescenzo, Domenico Martuzzi, Aniello Califano, Colombino Arona. Arranged and conducted by Henry Mancini, 1984.
- Passione – 12 songs by Ernesto Tagliaferri, Paolo Tosti, :it:Pasquale Mario Costa, Teodoro Cottrau, it:Evemero Nardella, Rodolfo Falvo, De Curtis, Di Capua, E. A. Mario, Gaetano Lama and Salvatore Cardillo. Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna. Giancarlo Chiaramello 1985
- Volare – 16 songs by Domenico Modugno, Luigi Denza, Cesare Andrea Bixio, Gabriele Sibella, Giovanni D'Anzi, Michael John Bonagura, Edoardo Mascheroni, Ernesto De Curtis, Ermenegildo Ruccione, Pietro Mascagni, Guido Maria Ferilli. arranged and conducted by Henry Mancini 1987
- Ti Adoro – songs by Romano Musumarra, Carlo Mioli, Ornella D'Urbano, Michele Centonze, Andrea Bellantani, Daniel Vuletic, Veris Giannetti, Nino Rota/Elsa Morante, Edoardo Bennato, Hans Zimmer/Gavin Greenaway/Jeffrey Pescetto, Lucio Dalla. Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Orchestra di Roma. Bulgarian Symphony Orchestra. Romano Musumarra Giancarlo Chiaramello, 2000
Selected videography
- Mozart: Idomeneo(1982), Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4234, 2006
- The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala (1983), Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4538, 2009
- The Metropolitan Opera Gala 1991, Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4582, 2010
Awards and honors
Civil awards
- 1976 – 3rd Class / Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- 1980 – 2nd Class / Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- 1988 – 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
- 1992 – Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour
- 1993 – Commander of the Order of Cultural Merit of Monaco
Grammy Awards
The
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
1978
|
Luciano Pavarotti – O Holy Night | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Nominated |
1979
|
Luciano Pavarotti – Hits From Lincoln Center | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Won |
1980
|
Luciano Pavarotti & the Bologna Orchestra for O Sole Mio – Favorite Neapolitan Songs | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Won |
1982
|
Marilyn Horne, Luciano Pavarotti, Joan Sutherland, Richard Bonynge (conductor) & the New York City Opera Orchestra for Live From Lincoln Center – Sutherland/Horne/Pavarotti | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Won |
Best Classical Album | Nominated | ||
1987
|
Luciano Pavarotti Passione Pavarotti – Favorite Neapolitan Songs | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Nominated |
Verdi: Un Ballo In Maschera | Best Opera Recording | Nominated | |
1989
|
Luciano Pavarotti, Emerson Buckley (conductor) & the Symphony Orchestra of Amelia Romangna for Luciano Pavarotti in Concert | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Won |
Bellini: Norma | Best Opera Recording | Nominated | |
Mozart: Idomeneo | Nominated | ||
1991
|
José Carreras, Plácido Domingo, Luciano Pavarotti, Zubin Mehta (conductor) & the Orchestra Del Maggio Musicale for Carreras, Domingo, Pavarotti in Concert | Best Classical Vocal Solo
|
Won |
Best Classical Album | Nominated | ||
1995
|
José Carreras, Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti with Zubin Mehta – The Three Tenors in Concert 1994 | Best Pop Vocal Album | Nominated |
Album of the Year | Nominated | ||
1997
|
Frank Sinatra and Luciano Pavarotti – My Way | Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals | Nominated |
1998
|
Luciano Pavarotti | MusiCares Person of the Year | Won |
Grammy Legend Award | Won |
Emmy Awards
The Emmy Awards are awarded annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences.[67]
Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
---|---|---|---|
1980 | New York Philharmonic with Zubin Mehta and Luciano Pavarotti | Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts | Nominated |
1981 | Joan Sutherland, Marilyn Horne and Luciano Pavarotti | Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts | Nominated |
1983 | Pavarotti in Philadelphia: La Boheme | Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts | Won |
Live From Lincoln Center: Luciano Pavarotti and the Artists | Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program | Nominated | |
1985 | Duke of Mantua, Rigoletto Great Performances | Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program | Won |
1987 | An Evening with Joan Sutherland and Luciano Pavarotti | Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts | Nominated |
1991 | Pavarotti Plus! Live From Lincoln Center | Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts | Nominated |
1992 | The 100th Telecast: Pavarotti Plus! Live From Lincoln Center | Outstanding Classical Program in the Performing Arts | Nominated |
1994 | Pavarotti In Paris | Outstanding Cultural Program | Nominated |
Other awards and recognitions
- 1965 – "Principessa Carlotta" award
- 1980 – Grand Marshal at the New York City's Columbus Day Parade on October 12. He decided to lead the parade riding a horse and wearing a cloak with stripes, stars and the colours of the US flag[68]
- 1984 – "Ville de Paris" awarded by mayor Jacques Chirac
- 1986 – Favorite Classical Music Performer award from People's Choice Awards[69]
- 1989 – Hamburger Kammersänger awarded by the Hamburg Senate[70]
- 1990 – Classical Artist of the Decade 1980-1989 awarded by Billboard[71]
- 1993 – World’s Best Classical Artist by the World Music Awards[72]
- 1998 – United Nations Messenger of Peace by SG of the United Nations Kofi Annan[73]
- 1998 – November 22 the Mayor of New York, Rudy Giuliani, proclaimed Luciano Pavarotti Day to celebrate his 30th anniversary at the Metropolitan Opera House.[74]
- 1999 – Asteroid 5203 Pavarotti, discovered by Zdeňka Vávrováin 1984, was named after him
- 2001 – Kennedy Center Honors award[75]
- 2001 – The Nansen Refugee Award given by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for his work on behalf of refugees and victims of conflict[76]
- 2001 – World Social Award received from president Mikhail Gorbachev in Vienna[77]
- 2004 – Eisenhower Medallion[78]
- 2004 – NIAF Hall of Fame in Music by the National Italian American Foundation
- 2006 – Honorary citizenship by the city of Sarajevo for his efforts on behalf of Bosnian children[79]
- 2006 – The Puccini Award in the 36th edition of Puccini Festival Foundation[80]
- 2006 – Premio Donizetti in the Bergamo Music Festival[81]
- 2007 – Premio Eccellenza nella cultura given by Italy's Ministry of Culture Francesco Rutelli, awarded September 4, two days before his death[82]
- Various honorary degrees from several universities, including Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Oklahoma City,[83] Parma, Urbino and Lima
See also
- List of best-selling music artists
- Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Bosnia
- Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia
- Pavarotti & Friends for Guatemala and Kosovo
- Centro Educativo Pavarotti
- Pavarotti, a 2019 documentary film by Ron Howard
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External links
- Official website
- Casamuseo Luciano Pavarotti – Home in Modena, now a museum
- Luciano Pavarotti at IMDb
- Discography (Capon's Lists of Opera Recordings)
- Luciano Pavarotti discography at MusicBrainz
- Pavarotti Video Biography by National Italian American Foundation NIAF