Ludic language

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ludic
lyydin kiel', l'yyd'ikiel'
Native toRussia (Republic of Karelia)
RegionNear northwestern shore of Lake Onega
Native speakers
300 (2017)[1]
Uralic
Latin (Karelian alphabet)
Official status
Official language in
recognised as minority language in:
Republic of Karelia[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3lud
Glottologludi1246
ELPLudian
Distribution of Karelian and Ludic at the beginning of the 20th century[3][4]
[image reference needed]
Lude is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
Current distribution of Karelian and Ludic[3][4]

Ludic, or Ludian, or Ludic Karelian (Luudi, Lyydi or lüüdi), is a

Olonets Karelian language and the Veps language.[1] It is spoken by 300 Karelians in the Republic of Karelia in Russia, near the southwestern shore of Lake Onega, including a few children.[5]

Classification

Flag of Ludic Karelian

In the Finnish research tradition, Ludic has been considered a transitional dialect area between Karelian and Veps,

Proto-Finnic non-open long vowels: e.g. *pää > piä 'head', *soo > suo 'swamp', contrast Veps pä, so)[8] and Veps-like traits (such as an almost complete loss of consonant gradation).[9] Like Veps, Ludic has also partially lost vowel harmony
.

Dialects

Ludic comprises three main dialect groups:[7]

The strongest Karelian resemblance is found in Northern Ludic, while the Kuďäŕv dialect shares the most features with Veps.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i y u
Mid e ø o
Open æ ɑ
  • Vowel length may also be distinctive.

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
plain pal. plain pal.
Plosive voiceless p (pʲ) t tʲ k
voiced b (bʲ) d dʲ ɡ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ
voiced d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless (f) (fʲ) s sʲ ʃ (x) h
voiced v (vʲ) z zʲ ʒ
Nasal m (mʲ) n nʲ
Approximant l lʲ j
Rhotic r rʲ
  • Sounds /f, fʲ, bʲ, pʲ, vʲ, mʲ/ only occur in recent borrowings.
  • /h/ can also be heard as a velar [x].
  • /n/ is heard as velar [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants.
  • /ɡ/ can be lenited as a fricative [ɣ] in intervocalic positions.

Writing system

Ludic is written using the unified Karelian alphabet, but in some publications the letter Ü is used instead of Y, as in Veps.

Majuscule Forms
 (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A B C Č D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S Š Z Ž T U V Y (Ü) Ä Ö
ʼ
Minuscule Forms
 (also called lowercase or small letters)
a b c č d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s š z ž t u v y (ü) ä ö ʼ

Phrases

  • Ken sina oled? = Who are you?
  • Mi tämä on? = What is this?
  • Kudam teiš on Onni? = Which one of you is Onni?
  • Mikš sina nagrad? = Why are you laughing?
  • Kudam čuas on? = What time is it?
  • Konz hyö tuldah kodih? = When are they coming home?
  • Häin lähtöu huomei. = He/She leaves tomorrow.[10]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Ludic at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  3. ^
    PMID 35675367
    .
  4. ^ a b Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
  5. ^ "Uhanalainen lyydi on oma itämerensuomalainen kielensä | Humanistinen tiedekunta | Helsingin yliopisto".
  6. ^ Itkonen, Terho (1971). "Aunuksen äänneopin erikoisuudet ja aunukselaismurteiden synty". Virittäjä (75): 182.
  7. ^ a b Pahomov 2011, p. 10.
  8. ^ Pahomov 2011, p. 29.
  9. ^ Pahomov 2011, p. 32.
  10. ^ Pahomov, Miikul (2019). Venä-lüüdin paginnik Русско-людиковский разговорник. Lüüdilaine Siebr.

Literature

External links


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