Lugii

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Luigi.
For the ancient tribe of Caledonia, see Lugi.
The Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled 117-138 AD), showing the location of the Lugii (Vandilii) tribes between the Viadua (Oder) and Vistula rivers

The Lugii (or Lugi, Lygii, Ligii, Lugiones, Lygians, Ligians, Lugians, or Lougoi) were a group of tribes mentioned by

Oder and Vistula rivers, covering most of modern southern and middle Poland (regions of Silesia, Greater Poland, Mazovia and Lesser Poland
).

Most archaeologists identify the Lugians with the Przeworsk culture, which is also associated with the Vandals, and it has been suggested that the Lugians and Vandals may have been closely related or even the same. While this culture was strongly Celtic-influenced in early Roman times, the Lugii are also sometimes regarded as Germanic, like the Vandals.

They played an important role on the middle part of the

Sambia at the Baltic Sea to the provinces of Roman Empire: Pannonia, Noricum and Raetia.[1] The Lugii should not be confused with a tribe of the same name, usually spelled as Lugi, that inhabited the southern part of Sutherland in Scotland. The Lugii have been identified by many modern historians as the same people as the Vandals, with whom they must certainly have been strongly linked during Roman times.[1][2][3]

Etymology

The etymology of the name Lugii is uncertain. It could be related to the

Gaulish luge, 'by the oath', OIr. luige 'oath'), *lugo- ('black', cf. Ir. loch), or possibly to the name of the god Lug.[4]

History

The Lugii are first mentioned in Strabo's Geographica. He writes that the Lugians were "a great people" and—together with other peoples like Semnones, Lombards and the otherwise unknown Zumi, Butones, Mugilones and Sibini—were part of a federation subjected to the rule of Maroboduus, ruler of the Marcomanni with their centre in modern Bohemia 9 BC–19 AD.[1][5] In 19 AD Maroboduus was overthrown with the help of Arminius of the Cherusci.[5]

The Lugii are not mentioned at all by

Varines, Charines and Gutones.[6]

The next mention of Lugii are the times of the Roman emperor

Helisii and Nahanarvali
.

The next information about the Lugians comes from

Wincenty Kadlubek mentions the alliance between the Lugii and the Romans.[8]

Buri (Λοῦγοι οἱ Βοῦροι) located on or near the upper Vistula in Germania Magna in what is now south Poland (Book 2, Chapter 10, 4th map of Europe). Ptolemy does not mention the Vandals at all.[6] The Buri, who according to Ptolemy were part of the Lugians, (Tacitus treated them separately, and as Suebian in language) took an important role during the Marcomannic Wars (166–180): the Romans were forced to organize a separate military campaign against them called 'Expeditio Burica' in 182-183 during the reign of emperor Commodus
.

The later history of the Lugians is uncertain, but some historians assume that the Lugians can be identified with the 'Longiones' tribe mentioned in

Lech river in modern Austria and Bavaria). Another mention might be a great people of 'Lupiones-Sarmatae' shown on the Latin map Tabula Peutingeriana
generally dated to 2nd-4th century AD.

The Lugii were probably completely absorbed into the

John Anderson, the "Lugii and Vandilii are designations of the same tribal group, the latter an extended ethnic name, the former probably a cult-title."[3] Herwig Wolfram notes that "In all likelihood the Lugians and the Vandals were one cultic community that lived in the same region of the Oder in Silesia, where it was first under Celtic and then under Germanic domination."[2]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Schutte 2013, pp. 51–53
  2. ^ a b Wolfram 1997, p. 42
  3. ^ a b Anderson 1938, p. 198
  4. ^ Sergent 1991, p. 13.
  5. ^
    Encyclopædia Britannica Online
    . Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Merrills 2004, pp. 32–33
  7. ^ Cassius Dio, "LXVII", Roman History
  8. Wincenty Kadlubek
    ; 1190

Sources

Primary sources

Secondary sources

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