Luigi Gorrini

Luigi Gorrini
Luigi Gorrini
	Second World War Battle of Britain; Invasion of France; North African Campaign; Italian Campaign;
Awards	Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare "a vivente"; Medaglia di Bronzo al Valor Militare; German Iron Cross first and second class

Luigi Gorrini,

C.205 Veltro. With the Veltro he shot down 14 Allied planes and damaged six more.^[1] At the time of his death, he was the only surviving fighter pilot awarded the Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare (Gold Medal of Military Valor).^[2]

North Africa and Greece

Bristol Beaufighter Mk 1, North Africa - The first aircraft shot down by Gorrini was one of the first Bristol Beaufighters that arrived in North Africa

Gorrini came to North Africa as a member of 85^a Squadriglia of 18° Gruppo C.T.. He shot down his first aircraft on 16 April 1941, over Derna, in Cyrenaica, Libya.^[3] While flying a CR.42 during a solo protection sortie, he intercepted two of the Bristol Beaufighters that had just arrived in the Mediterranean Theatre. Gorrini opened fire immediately before the two British aircraft reached the airstrip N 1 on Ftheja, where his 85ª Squadriglia was based. ^[4] He shot the leading aircraft from a distance of 700-800 meters, landing hits on the right wingtip. While the second Beaufighter was taking evasive action, Gorrini closed to a distance of 250 meters hitting the first Bristol again. The British aircraft was by now very near to the Italian airstrip, so Gorrini strafed it a third time and the Beaufighter crashed just south of the airstrip. ^[4] He was credited with a kill and a damaged and shot 1,100 rounds.

On 29 May, Gorrini intercepted two

tenente

Melis and two other fellow pilots, he intercepted four Allied aircraft. Gorrini claimed a Hawker Hurricane IID, armed with 40mm Vickers cannons. ^[15] But this was his last air battle in Africa. His irritating eye injury was worsening. He was grounded and subsequently, at the end of February, hospitalised in Sfax.^[16] He returned to Italy in late March 1943.^[17]

Defence of Rome

When Gorrini recovered, he was posted as a flying instructor to 3° Gruppo C (Complementare), based at Venaria Reale airfield.^[18] Later, Gorrini served as a ferry pilot to transfer captured French

Franco Bordoni Bisleri and to Maresciallo Guido Fibbia). During the summer of 1943, in defence of Italy, he claimed 11 enemy aircraft.^[21]

On 19 July, during a single sortie west of Rome, Gorrini destroyed a four-engined Consolidated B-24 Liberator bomber and a Lockheed P-38 Lightning (another P-38 was damaged). The next day, he claimed another P-38 destroyed and a P-38 damaged. On 25 July Benito Mussolini had been overthrown, but this had no decisive effect on the morale of the Regia Aeronautica. Gorrini recalled: "After 25 July, despite the arrest of Mussolini, the morale of my unit, 85^a Squadriglia and my personal readiness for action remained high. Despite all the reverses that Italy had suffered by the time, our 3° Stormo was the only one still fully ready for combat: my section was detailed to defend Rome. The larger part of the Regia Aeronautica was uninterested in politics or parties, they were men infatuated with flying and determined to defend the land of their birth and to give their lives if necessary in the attempt to stop the bombing of Italian towns."^[22]

On 13 August, Gorrini claimed a B-24 off the coast at Ostia, in the Lazio region, but he was also shot down by defensive fire from the bomber, bailing out safely. He claimed a Spitfire on 26 August. The next day, the whole Stormo scrambled to intercept four-engine bombers which were attacking Cerveteri, on the Latium coast in central Italy. Gorrini, still flying a Veltro, shot down two Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses and a Lockheed P-38 Lightning in a single engagement (according to other sources, Gorrini claimed two B-24s).^{[citation needed]} One wing of his C.205 was damaged after an overheating cannon muzzle exploded. After running out of gasoline, he glided back to his base for a powerless landing. On 29 August, he claimed two P-38s destroyed and two more damaged.

On 30 August, Gorrini claimed another B-17 Flying Fortress over Frascati and the same day he was mentioned on Bollettino di Guerra: "Sergente Maggiore Luigi Gorrini da Alseno (Piacenza) of 3° Stormo Caccia has distinguished himself during the aerial battles of the 27th and 29th, during which he has shot down two four-engined bombers and a twin-engined fighter." On 31 August, 85^a Squadriglia, with Gorrini in a C.205V, took off from Palidoro airfield (Rome) at 12:00, flying in the direction of Naples to engage enemy bombers. At 8,500 meters the Squadriglia clashed with escorting Spitfires with 85^a claiming three Spitfires destroyed and five damaged during this combat. Gorrini shot down one Spitfire (his 15th air victory) and damaged a P-38, but his aircraft was badly hit by machine gun fire and he made a forced landing away from his airfield at 12:50. Gorrini was seriously wounded and hospitalised. He was out of the fighting when Italy surrendered to the Allies on 8 September 1943. During three years of combat service, Gorrini was involved in 132 air battles, was credited with 15 confirmed air victories, was wounded twice, crash-landed once and bailed out once, was mentioned in dispatches several times, and was decorated two times.^[5]^[23]

Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana

On 12 October 1943, Lieutenant Colonel Ernesto Botto, the newly appointed Undersecretary of the New Republican Air Force, appealed over the radio for airmen to enlist. Responding to this, Gorrini rejoined in combat against the Anglo-American forces:

"After flying for three years side by side with the German pilots, on the English Channel, in North Africa, Greece, Egypt, Tunisia and finally over my own homeland, I had made friends with some of them, particularly from JG27… I did not want to hang my coat in the wind, so to speak, and perhaps fire on my German friends. Also, I wanted to protect the northern Italian towns from indiscriminate bombing as much as possible."^[24]

On 23 December 1943, Gorrini joined the Italian Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana (ANR) where he was assigned to 1^a Squadriglia, 1° Gruppo Caccia and continued to fly C.205 fighters. At this time, this unit was under the command of "Ace" Capitano

JG 27, that had intercepted the USAF raid on the Italian air base. Gorrini hit the P-47 that crashed near the airfield.^[26]

On the following day, he claimed a P-38.

A B-17 was claimed on 11 March and another P-47 on 6 April thus reaching 19 victories. On 24 May 1944, sergente maggiore Gorrini achieved his last air victory. He took off with tenente Vittorio Satta, to intercept a formation of B-24 flying between Parma and Fidenza. The two A.N.R. pilots intercepted the American bombers and their escort on Colorno. They selected the two last Liberators and attacked them. Gorrini left his B-24 on fire after his first pass, but two escorting P-47 Thunderbolts bounced his leader and shot him down, killing Lieutenant Satta.^[27] On the following day, Gorrini claimed a B-17 damaged. But on 15 June 1944, in the sky of Modena-Reggio, Gorrini fought his last air battle. He suddenly found himself surrounded by four P-47 Thunderbolts. In the ensuing dogfight, his fighter was hit and Gorrini was forced to bail out. He waited to open the parachute until he was close to the ground, fearing to be strafed by the American pilots. However, the harness was too loose and, when he opened it, he suffered a violent jerk and lost consciousness. When he woke up, he was in an infirmary. After being hospitalised, he was sent on leave.^[28] During his time with the A.N.R. he flew in combat with the Macchi C.205V and Fiat G.55.^[29] Wounded twice, he did not fly again during World War II. He summed up his career, with these words: "212 air combat, 24 solo air victories, 5 parachute jumps."^[30]

Post-War

After the war, Gorrini enlisted in the newly formed Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) but, due to Allied opposition, he was kept in the rank of warrant officer. His last unit was the 50° Stormo.^[30] He was promoted Tenente only when he retired.^[5]^[23] He died on 8 November 2014 in Alseno.

Awards

Gorrini was awarded the Medaglia d'oro al Valor Militare (in 1958), the Bronzo twice and the First and Second Class German Iron Cross. He was also the only A.N.R. pilot to be awarded Italy's highest military award post-war, for accomplishments which took place before the Armistice of 8 September 1943.^[31]

References

^ Nico Sgarlato. "C.202 Lo chiamavano il Macchi" (in Italian). Parma: Delta Editrice 2008
^ Giovanni Massimello and Giorgio Apostolo. Italian Aces of World War Two. Osprey Publishing: Oxford 2000. p. 78
^ Neulen 2000, p. 48.
^ ^a ^b Manfredi 1978, pp. 80-82
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pagliano, Franco. Aviatori Italiani. Milano: Longanesi, 1969.
^ Manfredi 1978, p. 99.
^ Manfredi 1978, p. 105.
^ Manfredi 1978, p. 107.
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 111-113.
^ Manfredi 1978, p. 131.
^ Benzi, Andrea (Interview with Luigi Gorrini). "Storia del XX Secolo N. 33." Febbraio, C.D.L. Edizioni srl, 1998.
^ ^a ^b Manfredi 1978, p. 146.
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 147-148.
^ Hakan aviation page http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/italy_gorrini.htm
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 158-159.
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 160-161.
^ Massimello and Apostolo 2000, p. 78.
^ Manfredi 1978, p. 163.
^ Neulen 2000, p. 67.
^ Neulen 2000, p. 70.
^ Shores 1983, p. 92.
^ Neulen 2000, p. 73.
^ ^a ^b "Italian biplane fighter aces - Luigi Gorrini". dalnet.se.
^ Neulen 2000, pp. 76–77.
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 255-256.
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 256-257-258.
^ Manfredi 1978, pp. 283-284.
^ Manfredi 1978, p. 288.
^ Pesce, Giuseppe and Giovanni Massimello. Adriano Visconti Asso di guerra. Parma: Albertelli editore s.r.l., 1997.
^ ^a ^b "Il portale dell'Aeronautica Militare - Cordoglio per la scomparsa dell'Asso della Caccia Gorrini". difesa.it.
^ Massimello, Giovanni and Giorgio Apostolo. Italian Aces of World War Two. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2000