Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro | |
|---|---|
Oscar R. Benavides | |
| President of the Military Government Junta of Peru | |
| In office August 27, 1930 – March 1, 1931 | |
| Prime Minister | Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro |
| Preceded by | Manuel Ponce |
| Succeeded by | Ricardo Leoncio Elías |
| Prime Minister of Peru | |
| In office August 28, 1930 – November 24, 1930 | |
| President | Manuel María Ponce Brousset Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro |
| Preceded by | Fernando Sarmiento |
| Succeeded by | Antonio Beingolea |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 12, 1889 Spanish Foreign Legion |
| Battles/wars | 1914 Peruvian coup d'état (WIA) 1915 Puno Rebellion 1922 Peruvian coup d'état attempt (WIA) Rif War (WIA)[a] 1930 Peruvian coup d'état Colombia–Peru War X |
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro (August 12, 1889 – April 30, 1933) was a high-ranking Peruvian army officer who served as the 41st President of Peru, from 1931 to 1933 as well as
Following Leguía's resignation, Manuel Ponce was interim president until Sánchez was chosen on August 27. The new president flew to Lima and himself served as provisional president until the military with whom he had effected the coup forced him into exile after six months in office.
Early life
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro was born in
Early career
Luis Miguel Sánchez was wounded in five places and lost three fingers of his left hand when he seized the spitting muzzle of a machine gun (with his bare hands) and turned it against government forces during the overthrowing of President Guillermo Billinghurst, in 1914.
In 1921 he was again shot and injured when captured in Lima, in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow President Leguía. During his exile abroad he
President of the Junta (1930-1931)
In 1931, as president of the military junta, Sánchez awarded Prince
After six months in office, prominent Peruvian Navy officers held talks with Colonel Sánchez, and told him that only a single regiment in Lima remained loyal to his regime. As a result of this, Sánchez resigned, stating that he "only wanted to save his country," and that he "had no political ambition."
The Navy then selected Chief Justice Ricardo Leoncio Elías of Peru's Supreme Court as the new president of the Republic on March 1, 1931.
President of Peru (1931-1933)
In October 1931, the military Junta permitted a national election. Luis Sánchez was allowed to participate and won the elections by a majority of 19,745 votes, running as the candidate for the
The results, however, were contested by the main opposition party, APRA.
In March 1932, as he was leaving Lima's socialite Church in Miraflores, an assassination attempt by an unknown individual – later identified as José Melgar – took place. Melgar attempted to shoot the president in the chest, but missed. The president himself was armed and almost shot his aggressor, but was stopped short of doing so by his bodyguards after they arrested the man.
Days after, the president commuted the death sentence of José Melgar to imprisonment for twenty-five years. He claimed that his "actions were entirely personal". The assassin claimed that his actions were not "politically motivated".
In June 1932, another revolt against President Sánchez took place in Huaraz. The President closed both the National College and the National University as "hotbeds of revolutions," and appealed for voluntary contributions to purchase three squadrons of bombing planes in order to put down further revolts.
Conflict with Colombia and assassination
In September 1932, a group of Peruvian civilians and military dressed as civilians, staged a private raid and seized the
By the Saloman-Lozano Treaty of 1922, Peru ceded to Colombia a "Corridor to the Amazon" at the tip of which is Leticia. However, the Treaty was kept in secret until the end of the Augusto B. Leguía dictatorship, and it was considered null and unequal by the new authorities under Sánchez.
By the end of September 1932, both Colombia and Peru were mobilizing men, money and munitions. In February 1933, at least three thousand Colombian troops with artillery and machine guns were deployed behind the
The Council of the League of Nations sent Lima an important telegram, in which Peru was commanded by the Council "to refrain from any intervention by force on Colombian territory and ... not hinder the Colombian authorities from the exercise of full sovereignty and jurisdiction in territory recognized by a treaty to belong to Colombia."
Assassination
On April 30, 1933, while at Santa Beatriz racetrack in Lima, President Sánchez had just finished reviewing twenty thousand young recruits for Peru's undeclared war with Colombia, when Abelardo de Mendoza, a member of the suppressed APRA Party, shot him through the heart.
Parliament proceeded to choose General
Notes
- ^ Disputed by Peruvian historian Jorge Basadre.[1]
References
- ISBN 9972-205-77-0.
- ^ George Washington University Seminar Conference on Hispanic American Affairs, James Fred Rippy, Alva Curtis Wilgus (1963). Argentina, Brazil and Chile Since Independence. Russell & Russell. p. 11.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ El primer mestizo que llegó al poder
- ^ El escritor Mario Vargas Llosa, piurano por adopción, dice al respecto en sus memorias: «La leyenda inventó que el general Sánchez Cerro —dictador que fundó la UR y que fue asesinado por un aprista el 30 de abril de 1933— había nacido en La Mangachería y por eso todos los mangaches eran urristas, y todas las cabañas de barro y caña brava de ese barrio de calles de tierra y lleno de churres y piajenos (como se llama a los niños y a los burros en la jerga piurana) lucían bailoteando en las paredes alguna descolorida imagen de Sánchez Cerro.» (El pez en el agua, 1993, pág. 27).
- Newton, M., Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia, p. 506, LLC, 2014
- Kapiszewski, D.; Kazan, A., Encyclopedia of Latin American Politics, p. 273, Oryx Press, 2002
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