Luke 13
Luke 13 | |
---|---|
Book | Gospel of Luke |
Category | Gospel |
Christian Bible part | New Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 3 |
Luke 13 is the thirteenth
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
- Papyrus 75 (AD 175–225)
- Papyrus 45 (~250)
- Papyrus 138 (3rd century; extant verses 13–17, 25–30)[4]
- Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Bezae (~ 400)
- Codex Washingtonianus (~ 400)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
This chapter is divided into 35 verses. The New King James Version organises it as follows (with cross references to other parts of the Bible):
- Luke 13:1–5 = Repent or Perish
- Luke 13:6–9 = The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree (Jeremiah 8:13)
- Luke 13:10–17 = A Spirit of Infirmity
- Luke 13:18–19 = The Parable of the Mustard Seed (Matthew 13:31–32; Mark 4:30–32)
- Luke 13:20–21 = The Parable of the Leaven (Matthew 13:33–35)
- Luke 13:22–33 = The Narrow Way
- Luke 13:34–35 = Jesus Laments over Jerusalem (Matthew 23:37–39; see also Luke 19:41)
Old Testament references
Repent or Perish (verses 1–5)
Jesus received a report that
Apparently those making the report, an identified group of people, were looking for Jesus to offer some explanation of why bad things happen to normal people, in this case even while they were worshiping.[9] They assume that a victim must have done something terrible for God to allow something so tragic to happen to them.[10] Jesus denies that this is the case and answers that, likewise, the calamities suffered by the victims of the falling of the Tower of Siloam were not related to their relative sinfulness; he then diverts the focus onto the interrogators, wanting them to consider their own souls.[10]
Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered in this way? No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish. Or those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them: do you think that they were worse offenders than all the others who lived in Jerusalem? No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.[11]
His mention of the fall of the Tower of Siloam added a nuance to his prior point: accidents happen. Therefore, even in the absence of persecution, death can come unexpectedly to anyone, irrespective of how righteous or how sinful they are. He may have been emphasizing that the time granted by God for repentance is limited.[9]
Parable of the barren fig tree (verses 6-9)
This
Although the parable is found only in Luke's gospel, critics consider that there is no strong argument against its authenticity, for example a majority of the members of the Jesus Seminar voted it to be authentic.[13]
Jesus heals a crippled woman on the Sabbath (verses 10–17)
This healing miracle of Jesus appears only in the
Verse 15 has the singular Greek: ὑποκριτά, hypokrita, in the Textus Receptus,[15] but the plural Greek: ὑποκριταί, hypokritai, in critical Greek texts such as the SBL Greek New Testament.[16] Hence the King James Version reads "Thou hypocrite",[17] addressing the synagogue leader only, whereas the New International Version reads "You hypocrites!".[18] Free church minister William Robertson Nicoll suggests that the comment was "directed against the class", i.e. the synagogue leaders collectively.[19]
In verse 17, Luke contrasts the reactions of "his adversaries" and the crowd:
- And when He said these things, all His adversaries were put to shame; and all the multitude rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by Him.[20]
The religious leaders, according to Nicoll, were "
It is one thing to be ashamed, another thing to be convinced, so as to confess an error; they were ashamed that they were so put to silence before the people, but we read of no confession of their error and mistake, and begging Christ's pardon.[21]
Parable of the Mustard Seed (verses 18-19)
This parable is one of the shorter
A version of the parable also occurs in the non-canonical Gospel of Thomas 20.[22]
The plant referred to here is generally considered to be
Parable of the Leaven (verses 20-21)
The parable of the leaven (also called the parable of the yeast) is one of the shorter
The narrow gate (verses 22-30)
- And He went through the cities and villages, teaching, and journeying toward Jerusalem.[24]
Luke reminds his readers of Jesus' journey, which was last mentioned in Luke 10:38, and "of the urgency it proclaims, and the response it demands".[2]: 946 He is asked whether there are only a few who are (or will be) saved, a question "peculiar to Luke",[25] although the answer, that the gate is narrow, and "many, I say to you, will seek to enter and will not be able",[26] is also recorded in Matthew 7:13.
Jesus laments over Jerusalem (verses 31-35)
Jesus confirms that he must continue to Jerusalem. Both here, on the journey, and at Luke 19:41 when the city is in sight, Jesus contemplates the significance and fate of Jerusalem, the holy city.
See also
- Sermon on the Mount
- Sermon on the Plain
- Ministry of Jesus
- Parables of Jesus
- Other related Bible parts: Psalm 6, Matthew 13, 23; Mark 4; Luke 19
References
- ^ Halley, Henry H.,Halley's Bible Handbook: an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
- ^ a b Franklin, E., 58. Luke in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary
- ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
- ^ "1. Theological Texts: 5346 Luke XIII 13–17, 25–30 (pp. 7ff)". Egypt Exploration Society. Retrieved 2018-05-25.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 838. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- ^ McGing, B. C., Pontius Pilate and the Sources, Catholic Biblical Quarterly, July, 1991, Vol. 53, No. 3 (July, 1991), pp. 416-438, accessed 13 January 2022
- ^ Buls, H. H., The Sermon Notes of Harold Buls on Luke 13:1-5, accessed 31 July 2020
- ^ Meyer, H. A. W. (1873), Meyer's NT Commentary on Luke 13, translated from the German sixth edition, accessed 13 January 2022
- ^ a b "A magnifying glass on the Galileans, the Blood, the Tower of Siloam, and the Vineyard of Luke 13:1-9: One Faith, One Church". Onefaithonechurch.com. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ^ a b Piper, John (1988-06-05). "Unless You Repent You Will All Likewise Perish". Desiring God. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
- ^ Lk 13:2–5
- ^ ISBN 1-60247-923-2, pp. 235-237.
- ^ ISBN 1-57312-167-3, pp. 123-133.
- ^ Richard Whately, Lectures on Some of the Scripture Parables, John W. Parker and Son, 1859, p. 153.
- ^ Luke 13:15: 1550 Stephanus New Testament
- ^ Luke 13:15: SBL Greek New Testament
- ^ Luke 13:15: KJV
- ^ Luke 13:15 NIV
- ^ a b Nicoll, W. R. (1897 ff), Expositor's Greek Testament on Luke 13, accessed 23 August 2019
- ^ Luke 13:17: NKJV
- ^ Poole, M., Matthew Poole's Commentary on Luke 13, accessed 26 September 2023
- ^ a b Gospel of Thomas: Lamb translation and Patterson/Meyer translation.
- ^ ISBN 0-8028-3512-0, pp. 561.
- ^ Luke 13:22
- ^ Alford, H., Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary - Alford on Luke 13, accessed 14 January 2022
- ^ Luke 13:24
External links
- Luke 13 King James Bible - Wikisource
- English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
Preceded by Luke 12 |
Chapters of the Bible Gospel of Luke |
Succeeded by Luke 14 |